以甘草为原料的食品天然防腐剂的研制

采用不同的溶剂和提取条件,提取甘草中的抗菌有效成分,然后通过抑菌试验筛选出抗菌力最强的制剂,通过测定该制剂对常见食品污染菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),证实该制剂对多种常见的食品污染菌均有较强的抑制作用,保存试验证实本制剂能有效地延长食品的保质期。     

海绵的生理活性代谢产物—萜类的研究进展

海绵中含有多种多样的萜类化合物,包括单萜、倍半萜、二萜、二倍半萜和三萜。其中,倍半萜和二萜最为丰富。这些次生代谢物大部分具有强烈的生理活性。本文介绍近年来这一领域的研究进展。     

Antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects of selected edible plants in Southeast Asia for further use as phytogenic antioxidant additives

Excessive free radicals in human and animal bodies can cause oxidative stress (OS) which damages cells and tissues. Plant materials with high antioxidant potential would resolve the OS problem. Thus, this study proposed to investigate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), antioxidant capacities and cytotoxicity in 17 edible plant materials from herbs, fruits, vegetables and plant by-products available in Southeast Asia for future use in the food or feed industry. Among 17 plant materials, Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Camellia sinensi (green tea pomace) from the beverage industry and Persicaria odorata (Vietnamese coriander) showed a prominent amount of TPC and TFC. These three plants and their combination (1:1:1 ratio, v:v:v) also possessed a remarkable antioxidant function in terms of DPPH, ABTS and FRAP, as well as showing a strong ROS inhibition through HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity test of the crude extract of clove, green tea pomace and Vietnamese coriander, or their combination can be used between 0.032 and 0.255, 0.011 to 0.088, 0.022 to 0.178 and 0.021 to 0.346 mg/mL, respectively, without impeding cell viability. A combined mixture of clove, green tea pomace and Vietnamese coriander revealed the synergistic properties of antioxidants and cell safety. This indicates that there is a potential use of various antioxidant bioactive compounds in plant materials tested for use as phytogenic antioxidant additives.     

广东石门台国家级自然保护区老虎山次生林群落特征

为了解在广东石门台国家级自然保护区的老虎山南坡建设的大型林冠模拟氮沉降野外控制试验平台的植被组成特征,开展了18个样方的每木调查和分析研究。结果表明,在面积0.72 hm²中有维管束植物53科86属127种;胸径(DBH)≥1.0 cm的立木有2 465株,平均密度为0.34 ind./m²,最高达25 m。群落以锥(Castanopsis chinensis)、罗伞树(Ardisia quinquegona)、木荷(Schima superba)等为主要优势种类,且以高位芽、中小型叶、革质和非全缘叶植物为主要种类组成的常绿阔叶次生林。热带-亚热带区系成分在群落中占明显优势,具有热带向亚热带过渡的特征。18个样方乔木层的Simpson指数(0.851～0.936)和Shannon-Wiener指数(3.504～4.494)相近,Pielou均匀度指数较高(0.780～1.000),但Gleason和Margalef丰富度指数差异较大(分别为3.209～7.738和16.760～40.806),样方间有10～26种共有种(Sorensen相似性...     

Studying the effect of elevated CO2 in the open in a naturally enriched environment in Central Italy

A gas vents area was recently localized in Central Italy. The gas emitted from the vents is composed by 92% of carbon dioxide and this produces an anomaly in the composition of the atmosphere over an area of about 2 ha. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was measured by means of an infrared gas analyzer and diffusion tubes in several points and for some days within the area. Measurements revealed that the site can be at least divided into three sub-areas having increasing CO₂ concentration in the air. A preliminary analysis of natural vegetation in the area was conducted by counting stomatal and epidermal cells number and measuring guard cell size on leaves of several oak trees growing both near and far away from the vents. This analysis suggested that elevated CO₂ may have reduced the size of guard cells leaving stomatal density and stomatal index unaltered.     

Changes in soil characteristics in eucalypt plantations replacing natural broad-leaved forests

Properties of the top 30 cm of soil under plantations of 1-yr to 8-yr old Eucalyptus (the hybrid E. tereticornis) and in adjacent natural mixed broad-leaved forest were compared in the sub-tropical zone of the central Himalaya. Various soil-physical characteristics decreased with increasing age; soil-chemical properties, notably organic carbon, total N, P and K decreased as a result of reforestation with Eucalyptus and further decreased with increasing age of the plantation.     

甘肃兴隆山保护区野生马麝的冬季卧息地生境特征

生境是野生动物的栖息基底,卧息地是野生动物重要的功能性生境。为深入了解野生马麝（Moschus chrysogaster）冬季卧息地生境的特征及选择利用,于2021年12月至2022年1月对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区的野生马麝的功能性生境开展了基于生境取样的研究。通过样线调查法获取马麝卧息痕迹位点,采用主成分分析和资源选择函数法进行其卧息生境选择的研究。结果表明,野生马麝冬季卧息地生境的海拔较低[（2 488.5±26.6）m]、灌木较高[（1.3±0.3）m]、灌木盖度（31.08%±3.14%）和地表植被盖度（38.36%±3.27%）较大、倒木较多[（0.5±0.1）个]且积雪较浅[（1.0±0.3）cm];马麝冬季卧息地多选择位于南坡的下坡位灌丛生境,而且距水源较近、隐蔽度较好。主成分分析表明,乔木因子、食物因子、安全因子和地形因子的累计贡献率达67%;马麝的卧息生境资源选择函数为：Logit(x)=﹣4.967+0.001×海拔﹣0.02×坡度+0.03×乔木郁闭度+0.104×乔木高度+0.17×灌木盖度﹣0.466×雪被深度﹣1.015×坡向,模型预测正确率为91.1%。...     

湖南发现四川竹叶青蛇

2020年7月30日,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区石碾子沟（30°00′46″N,110°32′18″E,海拔615 m）采集到1号蛇类标本,经形态鉴定和分子系统关系比较,确定为四川竹叶青蛇（Trimeresurus sichuanensis）,为湖南省蛇类分布新记录种,该标本（CSUFTHPS2007080）存放于中南林业科技大学动物标本室。此次发现增补了四川竹叶青蛇的生物学信息,也表明该物种在武陵山脉及其延伸地区可能有着更为广泛的地理分布。建议进一步开展该物种种群生态学的研究,以便为该特有种种群和栖息地保护提供参考。     

Interactions between stochastic and deterministic processes in stream fish community assembly

Synopsis Numerous studies have attempted to determine whether stream fish communities are structured primarily by deterministic or stochastic processes. Previous work has assumed that stream fish communities will show either persistence about an equilibrium because of strong density-dependent processes or random variation in structure as a result of environmental stochasticity. In a 10-year study of a California stream, fish community structure changed under the influence of storm-induced high discharge events that impacted recruitment. Species' relative abundances were altered as pre-recruitment stream discharges differentially influenced year-class strength among species with contrasting life histories. Simulation of stream fish community assembly under flow-driven recruitment variation indicates that community structure will vary depending on how particular high-flow events affect species' relative abundances and ongoing density-dependent processes, including competition and predation. Results suggest that stream fish communities are likely to show alternate states rather than a single persistent equilibrium. However, community assembly will not be random but will depend on situation-specific interactions between density-independent and density-dependent processes.     

Sub-lethal plant defences: the paradox remains

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) trees of two different seed origins, one a poor quality host (Alaskan lodgepole pine), the other a good quality host (south coastal lodgepole pine), were infested with known numbers of eggs of the pine beauty moth, Panolis flammea. Each tree had paired sleeves, one allowing access by invertebrate predators, the other denying this access. When the sleeves were removed, the numbers of larvae surviving, their weights and developmental stages were assessed. Larvae reared on south coastal lodgepole pine (SLP) in the absence of predators were significantly heavier and had significantly better survival rates than larvae reared in comparable conditions on Alaskan lodgepole pine (ALP). However, in the open sleeves, although the larvae reared on SLP were significantly heavier than those on ALP, survival was significantly greater on ALP. Thus predation was greater on the faster developing larvae on the better quality host. These results indicate that slow growth by a herbivore does not necessarily result in greater vulnerability to predators.