Photosynthesis and growth of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (Cyanophyta) in response to solar UV radiation, with special reference to its minor variant

The minor variant of the economically important cyanobacterium, Arthrospira platensis, usually appears in commercial production ponds under solar radiation. However, how sensitive the minor variant to solar UVR and whether its occurrence relates to the solar exposures are not known. We investigated the photochemical efficiency of PSII and growth rate of D-0083 strain and its minor variant in semi-continuous cultures under PAR (400–700 nm) alone, PAR + UV-A (320–400 nm) and PAR + UV-A + UV-B (280–700 nm) of solar radiation. The effective quantum yield of D-0083 at 14:00 p.m. decreased by about 86% under PAR, 87% under PAR + UV-A and 92% under PAR + UV-A + UV-B (280–315 nm), respectively. That of the minor variant was reduced by 93% under PAR and to undetectable values in the presence of UV-A or UV-A + UV-B. Diurnal change of the yield showed constant pattern during long-term (10 days) exposures, high in the early morning and late afternoon but the lowest at noontime in both strains, with the UVR-related inhibition being always higher in the variant than D-0083. During the long-term exposures, cells of D-0083 acclimated faster to solar UV radiation and showed paralleled growth rates among the treatments with or without UVR at the end of the experiment; however, growth of the minor variant was significantly reduced by UV-A and UV-B throughout the period. Comparing to the major strain D-0083, the minor variant was more sensitive to UVR in terms of its growth, quantum yield and acclimation to solar radiation.     

特异性卵黄抗体(IgY)对小鼠大肠杆菌败血症的保护作用

目的:研究特异性IgY对小鼠大肠杆菌败血症的保护作用.方法:以灭活的E.coli O111免疫产蛋母鸡,抗体经水稀释及盐析分离纯化.ELISA法检测大肠杆菌特异性IgY对大肠杆菌及LPS的结合活性.腹腔注射E.coli O111(1011cfu/mL)建立小鼠败血症模型,攻毒剂量为0.1mL/10g体重.小鼠随机分为5组,分别给药保护:空白组(生理盐水)、阴性对照组(非特异性IgY,20mg/mL)、阳性对照组(头孢哌酮20mg/mL)、高剂量组(特异性IgY,40mg/mL),低剂量组(特异性IgY,20mg/mL).给药剂量为:攻毒前,0.15mL/10g体重,每天一次,共两天;攻毒后,0.25mL/10g体重,每天一次,共七天.观察小鼠临床表现、体重变化、白细胞(WBC)和血小板(PLT)数变化及各组小鼠的死亡率.结果:特异性IgY与E.coli O111和LPS均有体外结合活性.大肠杆菌攻毒后,小鼠体重下降,各组小鼠外周血中WBC和PLT数均有不同程度的下降.特异性IgY保护组各项指标较快恢复到正常水平,其他组恢复缓慢.各组小鼠七天内的死亡率分别为:空白组与阴性对照组都为100%;阳性对照组60%;低剂量IgY组30%;高剂量IgY组10%.结论:特异性IgY对小鼠大肠杆菌败血症有保护作用.     

Toxoplasma gondii: chimeric Dr fimbriae as a recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for fetopathy in farm animals and humans and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals (i.e. AIDS patients). Effective vaccines, inducing protective and long-lasting immunity to this global parasite, are still desired. In the work, we evaluated the immunogenic and immunoprotective activity of Escherichia coli chimeric Dr fimbriae bearing selected antigenic epitopes of three T. gondii antigens (SAG1, GRA1 and MAG1), in comparison with conventional recombinant antigens obtained in E. coli expression system. Our data demonstrate a very high protective efficacy of recombinant antigens supplemented with Freund's adjuvants, whereas chimeric Dr fimbriae as a vaccine proved non-protective. The recombinant antigen vaccine induced a strong specific antibody response and prevented the brain cysts formation by 89%. The results are promising and should be confirmed in further study on farm animals by use of less aggressive than Freund's adjuvant preparations.     

Effects of temperature,photosynthetic photon flux density,photoperiod and O<Subscript>2</Subscript> and CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations on growth rates of the symbiotic dinoflagellate, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Amphidinium</Emphasis> sp.

Symbiotic dinoflagellates of the species Amphidinium are expected to be pharmaceutically useful microalgae because they produce antitumor macrolides. A microalgae production system with a large number of cells at a high density has been developed for the efficient production of macrolide compounds. In the present study, the effects of culture conditions on the cellular growth rate of dinoflagellates were investigated to determine the optimum culture conditions for obtaining high yields of microalgae. Amphidinium species was cultured under conditions with six temperature levels (21–35°C), six levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (15–70 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹), three levels of CO₂ concentration (0.02–0.1%), and three levels of O₂ concentration (0.2–21%). The number of cells cultured in a certain volume of solution was monitored microscopically and the cellular growth rate was expressed as the specific growth rate. The maximum specific growth rate was 0.022 h⁻¹ at a temperature of 26°C and O₂ concentration of 5%, and the specific growth rate was saturated at a CO₂ concentration of 0.05%, a photosynthetic photon flux density of 35 μmol photons m⁻² s⁻¹ and a photoperiod of 12 h day⁻¹ upon increasing each environmental parameter. The results demonstrate that Amphidinium species can multiply efficiently under conditions of relatively low light intensity and low O₂ concentration.     

肺癌个体基因型免疫核糖核酸的研制

为进一步研究肿瘤的免疫治疗,探索一种型特异、体专一的肿瘤免疫核糖核酸的制备方法。取一供体肺癌患者术后切下的病变组织免疫羊,再用羊的免疫器官提制核酸,然后回注射于供体。实验中制备的型、体特异性免疫核糖核酸,各种药理指标能够达到国家同类药品标准。此法可获得有实用价值的肿瘤免疫核糖核酸,为临床应用提供了理论依据。     

摄食对印度蜓蜥代谢率的影响

通过测定摄食后印度蜓蜥雌性成体的耗氧量变化 ,研究摄食特殊热动力作用 (SDA)。动物分为摄食黄粉虫幼虫实验组和禁食对照组 ,两组蜥蜴平均体重无显著差异。测定耗氧量前 ,将所有动物在 3 0℃恒温室内禁食 3d。用容积为 3 0 0ml的封闭式呼吸室测定两组蜥蜴在 3 0℃条件下连续 3d的耗氧量 ,测定间隔时间为 4～ 2 5h。禁食组动物实验期间的耗氧量无显著的时间变异 ,实验组动物耗氧量的时间变异显著 ,这些结果表明摄食影响印度蜓蜥的代谢率。实验组动物摄食 8h后耗氧量已显著大于禁食组 ,摄食 3 0h后两组动物的耗氧量无显著差异。印度蜓蜥达到SDA峰值的平均时间约为 1 2 7h ,SDA峰值耗氧量是禁食对照组动物耗氧量的 1 6倍。印度蜓蜥单次摄食实验中的SDA具有进食后耗氧量迅速增加 ,达到峰值后下降至摄食前水平的典型模式。     

皮肤组织神经髓鞘几种染色方法的比较

对皮肤组织神经髓鞘应用髓磷脂硷性蛋白myelin basic protein简称MBP）免疫组织化学,劳克坚牢蓝(Luxol fast blue,简称LFB）,砂罗铬花青（solochrome cyanine简称SC）,KOH-HIO4-Schiff四种不同的染色方法进行染色比较,结果显示,MBP法具有特异性强,背景干净,对比清晰等特点。SC、Schiff法髓鞘着色效果亦较好,但背景中其他组织也着色,只要分化适当,LFB法髓鞘着色鲜明,且有一定特异性。     

The Analysis of Partial Diallel Crosses

The analysis of offsprings from the partial diallel crosses is presented. In considered type of crossing, p parental forms into H separate groups are devided. Single crosses among parental forms, from separate groups only, are performed. The analysis for experiments laid out in efficiency balanced block designs is given.     

SAR measurement due to mobile phone exposure in a simulated biological media

The specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements are carried out for compliance testing of personal 3G Mobile phone. The accuracy of this experimental setup has been checked by comparing the SAR in 10 gm of simulated tissue and an arbitrary shaped box. This has been carried out using a 3G mobile Phone at 1718.5 MHz, in a medium simulating brain and muscle phantom. The SAR measurement system consists of a stepper motor to move a monopole E-field probe in two dimensions inside an arbitrary shaped box. The phantom is filled with appropriate frequency-specific fluids with measured electrical properties (dielectric constant and conductivity). That is close to the average for gray and white matters of the brain at the frequencies of interest (1718.5 MHz). Induced fields are measured using a specially designed monopole probe in its close vicinity. The probe is immersed in the phantom material. The measured data for induced fields are used to compute SAR values at various locations with respect to the mobile phone location. It is concluded that these SAR values are position dependent and well below the safety criteria prescribed for human exposure.     

O6-Protection and Other Transformations at Guanosine and Inosine Lactam Sites with Application of Related Pyridinium Salts

Abstract

Nucleophilic displacement reactions of guanosine- and inosine-derived pyridinium salts will be discussed in a view of their preparative applications in nucleoside and oligonucleotide chemistry.