新疆鼠尾草的化学成分研究

从新疆鼠尾草（Salvia deserta Schang0根中分离得到8个单体成分,根据化学和光谱方法鉴定为：正三十三烷（Tritriacontane)[Ⅰ]、6,7－去氢罗列酮（6,7－SDehydroroyleanone)[Ⅱ],7,β-羟基罗列酮（Taxochinon）[Ⅲ]、二十六烷酸（Hexaconsanoic acid）[Ⅳ]、3－乙酰剂墩果酸（3－Acetoxy-oleanolic acid)[Ⅴ]、β－谷甾醇（β-Sitosterol)[Ⅵ]、熊果酸（Ursolic acid)[Ⅶ],D-甘露醇（Mannitolum）[Ⅷ]。     

兰花鼠尾草(Salvia farinacea Benth.)两类腺毛发育过程中超微结构的研究

电镜观察表明：兰花鼠尾草（Salvia farinacea Benth.）的头状腺毛（capitate trichomes）和盾状腺毛(peltate trichomes）在超微结构方面存在明显不同,盾状腺毛的分泌细胞中占优势的细胞器是质体,而头状腺毛中是内质网和质体;成熟的盾状腺毛角质层下间隙明显,而头状腺毛不明显;盾状腺毛的柄细胞的侧壁出现完全的角质化现象,而头状腺毛则无;头状腺毛的基细胞液化程度比盾状腺毛的高。     

鼠尾草属药用植物资源

本文介绍了鼠尾草属常用药用植物的地理分布、化学成分、生物学及生态学特征和资源的开发、利用与保护等。     

Pharmacological activities of crude acetone extract and purified constituents of Salvia moorcraftiana Wall.

The crude acetone extract of aerial parts of Salvia moorcraftiana Wall. was screened for various biological activities including Lemna bioassay, antifungal, antibacterial, leishmanicidal, insecticidal activities and brine shrimp cytotoxicity. It was found to possess strong phytotoxic activity against Lemna aequinoctials Welve. and moderate antifungal activity against animal and plant pathogens. The purified chemical constituents were tested for enzyme inhibition activity. Two constituents (compounds 3 and 8) were found to be effective inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase.     

Determination of phenolic compounds and diterpenes in roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Salvia przewalskii by two LC–MS tools: Multi-stage and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry with assessment of antioxidant capacity

Comparative phytochemical analyses of hydroalcoholic (50% EtOH) extracts from roots of S. miltiorrhiza (SM) and S. przewalskii (SP) were performed using two complementary LC–MS systems: the first system HPLC-DAD-MSⁿ an ion trap mass spectrometer and the second system consisted high resolution MS/MS Orbitrap mass spectrometer. The individual compounds were identified using a previously published approach via comparison of the exact molecular masses, mass spectra and retention times to those of standard compounds, online available databases and literature data. Moreover, the determination of antioxidative activities of extracts by DPPH and FRAP methods was carried out. Analysis allowed to identify 39 chemical compounds in extracts from both species. Extract from root of SP differs from SM in the presence of several metabolites such as: przewalskinic acid and their derivatives, przewaquinone C, przewaquinonate A, glycosides of rosmarinic acid, methyltanshinonate, whereas tanshinones, salvianolic acids and lithospermic acids occurred in both species. Moreover, it was shown that hydroalcoholic extract from roots of SM exerted stronger antioxidant properties in a FRAP test (max. 323.92 μM Fe²⁺/L) and in DPPH test (max. 78.64 nM TE) in comparison with SP extract.     

内蒙古欧李果肉和果仁中营养成分分析

对内蒙古欧李果肉及果仁中营养成分进行研究,结果表明,欧李中维生素、矿物质、蛋白质等营养成分丰富,其中VC的质量分数为590.1 mg.kg-1,远远高于苹果、草莓、葡萄、柑橘、西红柿等水果的VC含量;矿物质元素Ca质量分数在果肉中达428.1 mg.kg-1,是其它水果Ca含量的2~10倍;果仁中达3.743 g.kg-1,其含量与杏仁中相当;蛋白质含量丰富,氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸在果肉和果仁中所占比例达氨基酸总量的1/3以上,为以后的研究开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Local adaptation to different phytogeographic regions: habitat‐related variations in seed germination in response to temperature and salinity for two medicinal Salvia species from Jordan

Salvia spinosa L. and Salvia syriaca L. are perennial medicinal herbs that occur in the Mediterranean, Irano‐Turanian and Saharo‐Arabian phytogeographic regions of Jordan. With respect to the seed germination requirements, prevailing environmental conditions in each phytogeographic region may promote local adaptation and consequently affect the distribution range of the species. Using seeds of both species collected from populations across the three regions, we tested responses to variations in temperature and salinity under laboratory conditions. Both species showed significant differences in cumulative germination percentages and germination rates (modified Timson Index) with temperature, while origin only significantly affected S. spinosa seeds. Both species germinated best under the highest temperature regime (32/20°C). The low temperature regime (8/4°C) completely inhibited germination in S. syriaca, wheras it led to 80% to 95% germination in S. spinosa, with significant variation being recorded between the phytogeographic regions. For both species, salt solutions of 0, 25 and 50 mM NaCl yielded the highest germination percentages and rates, which sharply and significantly declined at higher concentrations (100 and 200 mM NaCl). Our results provide evidence of local adaptation of the study species to salinity and temperature in the respective maternal environments, particularly in the Irano‐Turanian and Saharo‐Arabian regions. Such differentiation should be accounted for in future conservation planning.     

不同立地类型和土壤类型对"裕丹参"生长和有效成分含量的影响

采用大田种植和盆栽方法,分别研究了不同的立地类型(平地、阳坡、阴坡和坡地)和土壤类型(砂土、壤土和黏土)对产自河南省方城县的"裕丹参"(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)生长和有效成分含量的影响效应.结果表明:在不同立地条件下,"裕丹参"的各项生长和根系产量指标以及根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均有明显差异.随种植时间的延长,平地、阳坡和坡地种植的"裕丹参"单株地上部干质量均逐渐降低,而阴坡种植的单株地上部干质量先升高后逐渐降低;但在不同立地类型下,单株根系干质量和丹酚酸B含量均随种植时间的延长逐渐升高,而丹参酮ⅡA含量则先降低后升高.采收期,平地种植的"裕丹参"的单株地上部干质量、单株根系干质量和鲜质量以及根系鲜产量均最高,平地和坡地种植的"裕丹参"根直径较大,阳坡种植的"裕丹参"根长最长,阳坡和坡地种植的"裕丹参"单株根数、根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量也较高,而阴坡种植的"裕丹参"的各项生长和根系产量指标以及丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均最低.在不同类型土壤中,"裕丹参"的根系性状和根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量总体上差异显著,其中,用砂土种植的"裕丹参"的根直径、根长、单株根系鲜质量和干质量以及根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量均最高,但单株根数最少;用黏土种植的"裕丹参"根系生长总体最差,但单株根数最多;用壤土种植的"裕丹参"根系中丹参酮ⅡA和丹酚酸B含量则最低.综合研究结果显示:"裕丹参"适宜种植于砂土的坡地或阳坡.