糖尿病足患者肾功能和营养状态及脂质代谢与溃疡严重程度的关系

目的:探讨糖尿病足患者肾功能和营养状态及脂质代谢与溃疡严重程度的相关性。方法:选取2015年8月-2017年12月期间我院收治的糖尿病足患者389例为研究对象,根据Wagner分级将患者分为1级组52例,2级组84例,3级组96例,4级组129例,5级组28例,对比分析五组患者肾功能指标[血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素C(Cys C)、尿素氮(BUN)]、营养状态指标[体重指数(BMI)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(Alb)]、血脂指标[甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]水平,并分析Wagner分级与以上指标的相关性。结果:不同Wagner分级患者性别、年龄、BUN水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2级组、3级组、4级组、5级组患者的BMI、TG、HDL-C、Hb、Alb水平低于1级组,Scr、Cys C水平、吸烟史及高血压所占比例高于1级组(P0.05);4级组、5级组患者的BMI、TG、HDL-C、Hb、Alb水平低于2级组、3级组,Scr、Cys C水平、吸烟史及高血压所占比例高于2级组、3级组(P0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析显示,Wagner分级与Scr、Cys C呈正相关,与TG、HDL-C、Hb、Alb、BMI呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:糖尿病足患者Scr、Cys C与溃疡严重程度存在正相关关系,TG、HDL-C、Hb、Alb、BMI均与溃疡严重程度存在负相关关系。     

城市人群血清营养水平指标与膳食习惯关系的分析

目的:分析血清营养状态指标与膳食习惯的关联关系与意义。方法:采用横断面调查的数据,用标准问卷询问1694人相关信息,内容包括人口学资料、自报疾病现患史、膳食习惯、健康自评、认知功能信息;同时采集被调查人群血样本;测定血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平。采用R 3.2.5和SPSS 20.0软件进行相关和显著性差异分析。结果:人体血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平与被调查个体进食水果和鸡蛋习惯有密切关联;天天进食水果、鸡蛋的个体上述指标水平明显高于不进食此类食物的个体,且血红蛋白、白蛋白水平随增龄下降程度减低;天天进食水果习惯的个体同时具有天天进食蛋、奶、菜习惯;有进食水果习惯的人群表现为受教育程度高;自评健康状态好和相对自报患病率低等特点。结论:合理膳食习惯可保持较高的血营养状态指标水平;且延缓相关指标水平随增龄下降的程度。天天进食水果习惯可被视为合理膳食的指标,为膳食评估提供简易、可行、有效的指标。     

Interannual variations in condition indices of larval Norwegian spring-spawning herring

The sea water temperature off the Norwegian coast was lower in 1994 than in 1992 and 1993. RNA/DNA ratios of Norwegian spring spawning herring increased with increasing larval dry weight all years, except for larvae sampled south of 62°N in 1994. The RNA/DNA ratios indicated that each year, only a small portion ( 0.7%) of the larvae were starving. RNA/DNA ratios and temperature were negatively correlated in 1992, but in other years no significant correlations were found. Residuals of In RNA v . In DNA and In W v. L _s were poorly correlated in all years, but residuals of In RNA v. In DNA and In DNA v. In W were negatively correlated in all years. Principal component analysis showed that the RNA/DNA ratio and DNA (% of weight) were correlated with different axes. Abundance data for herring at the early larval and 0-group stages in 1992–1994 indicated higher mortality in 1994 compared with the other years. The data do not indicate that average larval condition was poorer in 1994 than in other years. However, the variability in larval condition was higher in 1994 than in other years, and the condition of later larval stages was relatively lower in 1994 than in other years.     

Long bone growth variation among Arikara skeletal populations

Long bone growth variation among skeletal samples has had limited application to ecological studies of archaeological groups, in spite of its well-known sensitivity to health and nutritional status. In this study we examine long bone growth variation among ten samples of Arikara skeletal groups, all located in the Middle Missouri subarea of South Dakota and ranging in time from A.D. 1600 to 1832. The samples are analyzed by variant, an archaeological taxonomic unit below Tradition. Children's long bones between about 0.5 and 11.9 years of age were analyzed by means of regression using the model, bone length =b₀ + b₁ (age) + b₂ (log₁₀ age). The three variants, Extended Coalescent, Postcontact Coalescent, and Disorganized Coalescent, differ from one another with regard to health and nutritional status. Extended Coalescent groups probably experienced periods of undernutrition due to unfavorable climatic conditions prevailing at the time. Postcontact Coalescent groups experienced more favorable health and nutrition due to improved climatic conditions and introduction of the horse. Disorganized Coalescent groups were exposed to undernutrition and high levels of morbidity, due to introduction of epidemic diseases, depopulation, and intertribal conflict. Analysis of slopes shows significant heterogeneity among variants for humerus, radius, and tibia, but not femur. In general, the Postcontact Coalescent is characterized by slighter greater rates of increase with age and longer bone lengths for each age than is Extended Coalescent. Disorganized Coalescent exhibits lower rates of increase, particularly in later childhood, with shorter bone lengths in late childhood. Disorganized Coalescent also presents longer radius and humerus lengths than the other two variants in early childhood, an unexpected finding. This may be partly, but not entirely, explained by differential bone response to stress along the lines of maturity gradients.     

The effect of processing of Chlorellavulgaris: K-5 on in vitro and in vivo digestibility in rats

Two experiments were done to clarify whether or not cell rupture is necessary to improve the digestibility of major components of Chlorella vulgaris: K-5. Chlorella was treated with or without high pressure homogenization (1 × 10⁸ N/m² at less than −20°C) after a heating process (100-120°C). Chlorella (air-dry matter) contained 934 g dry matter and 244 g essential amino acids (total)/kg. Chemical composition was hardly altered irrespective of the treatment. In the first experiment, pepsin digestibility of chlorella protein was determined in vitro. The cell rupture by high pressure homogenization caused a small but significant improvement in pepsin digestibility of chlorella protein compared with the control. In the second experiment, total tract apparent digestibilities of chlorella were determined in the rat. Digestibility of chlorella protein was significantly enhanced by high pressure homogenization, but the difference (88.6% vs. 87.4%, P < 0.01) due to treatment was small and similar to that observed in the in vitro experiment. These results suggested that Chlorella strain vulgaris: K-5 may be an efficient protein source even without cell rupture.     

Nutritional value and proteases of Lentinus citrinus produced by solid state fermentation of lignocellulosic waste from tropical region

This paper examined the growth and yield performance of Lentinus citrinus on cupuaçu exocarp (Theobroma grandiflorum) mixed with litter (CE + LI) or rice bran (Oryza sativa) (CE + RB) in the ratio of 2:1 (800 g:200 g) to investigate the nutritional composition and proteolytic potential of the fruiting body produced. Significance values of yield were determined on substrate combinations. In CE + LI the biological efficiency of the mushrooms was 93.5% and the content of fat (4.5%), fiber (11.0%), protein (27.0%) and amino acids were higher when compared with CE + RB. Among the amino acids, the amount of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine and leucine was high. The biological efficiency on CE + RB reduced to 84.2% and based on the nutritional value, carbohydrates (53.59%), energy (324.33 kcal) and minerals such as zinc, iron, copper, potassium and phosphorus were higher in this substrate combination. Protease activity from fruiting body was significant in CE + LI (463.55 U/mL). This protease showed an optimal activity at 50 °C in neutral and alkaline pH with maximum stability at 30 °C at alkaline pH. This is the first report of L. citrinus fruiting body nutritional composition with potential for human food and application in industrial processes.     

Linear measurement error models with restricted sampling

The relationship between nutrient consumption and chronic disease risk is the focus of a large number of epidemiological studies where food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and food records are commonly used to assess dietary intake. However, these self-assessment tools are known to involve substantial random error for most nutrients, and probably important systematic error as well. Study subject selection in dietary intervention studies is sometimes conducted in two stages. At the first stage, FFQ-measured dietary intakes are observed and at the second stage another instrument, such as a 4-day food record, is administered only to participants who have fulfilled a prespecified criterion that is based on the baseline FFQ-measured dietary intake (e.g., only those reporting percent energy intake from fat above a prespecified quantity). Performing analysis without adjusting for this truncated sample design and for the measurement error in the nutrient consumption assessments will usually provide biased estimates for the population parameters. In this work we provide a general statistical analysis technique for such data with the classical additive measurement error that corrects for the two sources of bias. The proposed technique is based on multiple imputation for longitudinal data. Results of a simulation study along with a sensitivity analysis are presented, showing the performance of the proposed method under a simple linear regression model.     

10种海洋微藻总脂、中性脂和极性脂的脂肪酸组成

研究了10种海洋微藻的总脂、中性脂和极性脂的脂肪酸组成特征。海洋微藻的脂肪含量均在15％以上。极性脂一般为海洋微藻的主要脂类,是长链多元不饱和脂肪酸的主要提供者。中性脂含短链脂肪酸较多,为主要的储存脂类。绿藻纲可以将高含量的16:4(n-3)和18:3(n-3)作为化学分类的标记脂肪酸,小球藻和微绿球藻有丰富的20:5(n-3),与绿藻纲显著不同,可能属于大眼藻纲。绿枝藻纲的脂肪酸组成与绿藻纲类似,绿胞藻纲以16:0、18:4(n-3)和20:5(n-3)为主要脂肪酸。脂肪酸组成可用于海洋微藻的分类学研究,并能指导利用海洋微藻生产高度不饱和脂肪酸。     

Analysis of the growth performance,stress, profile of fatty acids and amino acids and cortisol in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), cultured at high stocking density using in-pond raceway system

In-pond raceway system technology (IPRS) was introduced in Pakistan in 2019 as solution for sustainable aquaculture approach by effectively increasing production, reducing pollution and facilitating feed and pond management. Fingerlings of GIFT Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (n = 16,500 in each raceway, initial weight = 32.00 ± 1.26 g) were stocked in June 2019 in two IPRS raceways (area of each raceway = 220 m³) for 171 days until harvested on November 30, 2019. Fingerlings stocked in traditional earthen ponds (area of each pond = 6167 m³) were studied as control (n = 3000 in each pond, initial weight = 32.00 ± 1.26 g). Average harvested biomass from raceways was 57.33 kg/m³ with an average daily weight gain per fish of 4.47 g per day. On the other hand, average harvested biomass from control ponds was 0.38 kg/m³ with an average daily weight gain per fish of 4.60 g per day. Average feed conversion ratio (FCR) in both raceways and control ponds was recorded as 1.25 and 1.24, respectively. Overall survival rate in both raceways and control ponds was above 99%. No sign of any disease was noted at any stage in both study groups. Crude protein and fats contents did not reduce in any raceway despite of high stocking density and sharp seasonal changes. Profile of essential and non-essential amino acids were found to be upto nutritional requirements of adult human. High levels of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in fish collected from raceways as compared to those in traditional earthen pond show that muscle quality was not compromised due to high stocking density in small area. Return on investment excluding capital cost was 47.05 which implies that IPRS technology can be economically feasible with further modifications.