城市人群血清营养水平指标与膳食习惯关系的分析

目的:分析血清营养状态指标与膳食习惯的关联关系与意义。方法:采用横断面调查的数据,用标准问卷询问1694人相关信息,内容包括人口学资料、自报疾病现患史、膳食习惯、健康自评、认知功能信息;同时采集被调查人群血样本;测定血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平。采用R 3.2.5和SPSS 20.0软件进行相关和显著性差异分析。结果:人体血红蛋白、白蛋白、叶酸和维生素B12水平与被调查个体进食水果和鸡蛋习惯有密切关联;天天进食水果、鸡蛋的个体上述指标水平明显高于不进食此类食物的个体,且血红蛋白、白蛋白水平随增龄下降程度减低;天天进食水果习惯的个体同时具有天天进食蛋、奶、菜习惯;有进食水果习惯的人群表现为受教育程度高;自评健康状态好和相对自报患病率低等特点。结论:合理膳食习惯可保持较高的血营养状态指标水平;且延缓相关指标水平随增龄下降的程度。天天进食水果习惯可被视为合理膳食的指标,为膳食评估提供简易、可行、有效的指标。

Association between the Serum Nutrition Level and Dietary Habit in Urban Population

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship and significance of serum nutritional items and dietary habits. Methods: Popula- tion-based cross sectional study. General information, data of questionnaires, including demographic data, disease prevalence of self-re- ported history, dietary habits, self-rated health, cognitive function information, and blood sample were collected by unified methods. Data analysis was carried out from 1694 individuals aged 20-89 years old. The levels of hemoglobin, albumin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured. R 3.2.5 and SPSS 20 software were used to analyze the correlation and significance differences. Results: The levels of serum hemoglobin, albumin, folic acid and vitamin B12 were closely associated with the habits of daily eating fruit and egg. The decline of hemoglobin and albumin level by age was delayed in persons with the habit of daily eating fruit and egg. The individual who daily eats fruit has the habit of daily eating eggs, milk and vegetables. People who eat fruit habits are characterized by high educational level, good self-rated health, and relatively low prevalence of diseases. Conclusion: Rational diet can maintain a relative high level of blood nutrition- al level and delay the decline of them by age. Daily eating fruit could be regarded as an item of rational diet and providing a simple, feasi- ble and effective item for dietary assessment.