Microwave-mediated enzymatic modifications of DNA

Here we report microwave-induced specific cleavage, ligation, dephosphorylation, and phosphorylation of nucleic acids catalyzed by restriction endonucleases, T4 DNA ligase, T4 polynucleotide kinase, and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The microwave-mediated method has dramatically reduced the reaction time to 20 to 50 s. In control experiments, the same reactions failed to give the desired reaction products when carried out in the same time periods but without microwave irradiation. Because the microwave method is rapid, it could be a useful alternative to the time-consuming conventional procedure for enzymatic modification of DNA.     

Efficient synthesis of antifungal active 9-substituted-3-aryl-5H,13aH-quinolino[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazepines in ionic liquids

The title compounds, 9-substituted-3-aryl-5H,13aH-quinolino[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazepines 8, are synthesized from 5-aryl-3,4-diamino-1,2,4-triazoles 5 and 2-chloro-3-formylquinolines 7 in ionic liquid as solvent under microwave heating as well as using oil-bath heating at 80 °C. The products are obtained in the good to moderate yields and in high purity. These compounds have been screened for antifungal activity. The screening data indicate that the compounds 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d show excellent activity against Aspergillus niger 1000 μg concentration and Pencillium notatum species at 500 μg as well as 1000 μg concentrations whereas, these compounds show good to moderate activity against Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus species at both the concentrations. Moreover, ionic liquid is found to be recyclable for at least three consecutive runs what makes the process cost-effective and economic that lead to the area of Green Chemistry as recyclability is one of the most important feature of Green Chemistry.     

Efficient synthesis of new tetradentate ligands with potential applications for 64Cu PET-imaging

We wish to report the synthesis of new tetradentate ligands in less than 3 h in good to excellent yields from a commercially available compound using microwave-assisted technology. First tests of complexation showed a high ability of these ligands to chelate ⁶⁴Cu(II) in very diluted medium. These new systems have the potential to be used for nuclear medicine and particularly for PET-imaging.     

Facile synthesis of new 4-aza-podophyllotoxin analogs via microwave-assisted multi-component reactions and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity

A series of new 4-aza-podophyllotoxin analogs containing thiazole unit were synthesized via multi-component reactions of aldehydes, tetronic acid and 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-amine under microwave irradiation. The method not only provides a valuable tool in design and synthesis of new 4-aza-podophyllotoxin analogs but also has the advantages of atom-economy, environmental-friendliness, good yields and operational simplicity. More importantly, the preliminary evaluation on the cytotoxic activity of this type of new 4-aza-podophyllotoxin analogs has resulted in the finding of several compounds with potent and efficacious cytotoxicity to three carcinoma cell lines M14, MCF7 and SW1116.     

Microwave-assisted glycosylation for the synthesis of glycopeptides

An efficient one-step synthesis of O-linked glycosylamino acids is described. This methodology converts commercially available peracetylated mono- and disaccharides activated by cheap and environmentally safe FeCl(3) under microwave irradiation with Fmoc-Ser-OBn to the corresponding beta-glycosides in short reaction times and moderate yields.     

Seaweed processing using industrial single-mode cavity microwave heating: a preliminary investigation

A single-cavity microwave heating system has been designed and fabricated for microwave-assisted extraction of carrageenans from seaweed. The system comprises a single mode (TE101) waveguide fitted with power and temperature controls, together with a continuous-flow-recycle reactor operating at atmospheric pressure. The system has been tested by extraction of E. cottonii and E. spinosum in aqueous organic solvents. Even without purification, the extraction products were found to have virtually identical FTIR and 13C and 1H NMR spectra to the reference samples of kappa- and iota-carrageenan, respectively. The principal advantages of the microwave system are substantial reduction of extraction time and low consumption of organic solvents.     

Synthesis and properties of new bolaform and macrocyclic galactose-based surfactants obtained by olefin metathesis

A series of galactose-based surfactants with various structures likely to display new interesting properties were synthesized. Four monocatenary surfactants were elaborated by microwave-assisted galactosylation of undecanol or 10-undecenol. These compounds were slightly soluble in water. Their tensioactive properties were determined at 45 degrees C. Olefin metathesis was used to synthesize the two single-chain bolaforms from undec-10-enyl galactopyranosides; two pseudomacrocyclic bolaforms were prepared by grafting two carbamates at O-4 and O-4' sugar positions of the single-chain bolaforms. These four surfactants are insoluble in water and undergo monolayer compression. Cyclization of these bolaforms by olefin metathesis led to macrocyclic surfactant analogues of archaeobacterial membrane components.     

提高防风种子发芽率的实验研究

目的：提高防风种子发芽率,加大黑龙江省地道药材防风的开发力度。方法：分别采用45℃温水浸种12、24h;150w微波辐射15s、20s、25s 30s;流水冲洗防风种子3—4h;柳枝浸出液为萌发剂培养防风种子,同时培养未经处理的种子作为对照组。结果：对照组发芽率为36．67％;温浸组为60．33％;微波15s组发芽率为68．00％,20s组为74．33％,25s组为71．17％,30s组为67．33％;流水组发芽率为84．00％;柳枝组发芽率为68．67％。结论：大规模播种可采用45℃温水浸种12-24h、150w微波辐射20s、流水冲洗3—4h、柳枝浸出液为萌发剂均可提高发芽势、发芽率,缩短发芽历期,改善出芽不齐等现象。     

微波提取香水莲花总黄酮的工艺研究

该文研究了微波法提取香水莲花总黄酮的工艺。采用比色法测定黄酮的含量。利用单因素实验和正交实验考察了乙醇浓度、微波功率、微波时间、料液比对黄酮得率的影响,确定了最佳工艺为:用70%的乙醇溶液,微波功率250W,提取时间40 min,液料比25∶1,提取的总黄酮得率最高。     

Controlled microwave synthesis of Ru synthons and chromophores relevant to solar energy conversion

Here we describe the efficient high yield atmospheric pressure microwave-assisted synthesis for seven distinct Ru^II coordination complexes relevant to solar energy conversion schemes and dye sensitized solar cells. In all instances, the reaction times have been markedly shortened, concomitant with higher yields with little or no need for subsequent purification and several multi-step reactions proceeded flawlessly in a single pot. Importantly, we observed no evidence for the decarboxylation of the essential metal oxide surface-anchoring 4,4′-diethylester-2,2′-bipyridine or 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine ligands as long as open reaction vessel conditions were utilized; these functionalities are not tolerant to sealed microwave reaction (superheated solvent/pressurized) conditions. The combined results suggest that microwave-assisted chemistry is indeed a valuable tool as far as Ru^II coordination chemistry is concerned and can likely be applied in the combinatorial pursuit of new dyes bearing sensitive functionalities.