Substrate Selectivity in Aspergillus niger KU-8 Acid Phosphatase II Using Phosphoryl Oligosaccharides

The intracellular acid phosphatase II (ACPase II) produced by Aspergillus niger KU-8 preferentially dephosphorylates C-6 phosphate groups rather than C-3 phosphate groups of phosphoryl oligosaccharides. In this study, the kinetic parameters of ACPase II were measured. 3²-phosphoryl maltotriose and 6²-phosphoryl maltotriose, which differ only in the binding position of the phosphate group, were prepared and used as the substrates. The K _m for both substrates were similar. However, the k _cat value for the 6²-phosphoryl maltotriose was about three-fold of that for the 3²-phosphoryl maltotriose.     

黑曲霉组成型表面展示南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B及其发酵调控

黑曲霉表面展示南极假丝酵母脂肪酶B(CALB)可有效应用于食品、化妆品、医药等行业。以黑曲霉Aspergillus niger SH-1为宿主细胞构建诱导型糖化酶基因启动子表面展示CALB,在较高浓度葡萄糖碳源的发酵中CALB表达会受到抑制,发酵后期菌体容易出现菌丝断裂和展示酶活力下降等问题。采用组成型3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因启动子替代诱导型糖化酶基因启动子的细胞表面展示CALB黑曲霉菌株可有效解决上述问题,该菌株不但可以利用葡萄糖,而且还能利用木糖为发酵碳源,以木糖为碳源发酵在144 h展示酶水平达到1 100.28 U/g。文中探讨了甘蔗渣水解液发酵生产黑曲霉表面展示CALB,初步达到预期的结果,为甘蔗渣的综合利用提供了新途径。     

One-step purification of glucoamylase by affinity precipitation with alginate.

It was found that alginate binds to glucoamylase, presumably through the recognition of starch binding domain of the latter. The present work exploits this for purification of glucoamylases from commercial preparation of Aspergillus niger and crude culture filtrate of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by affinity precipitation technique in a single-step protocol. Glucoamylase is selectively precipitated using alginate as macroaffinity ligand and later eluted with 1.0 M maltose. In the case of A. niger, 81% activity is recovered with 28-fold purification. The purified glucoamylase gave a single band on SDS-PAGE corresponding to 78 kDa molecular weight. The developed affinity precipitation process also works efficiently for purification of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens glucoamylase from its crude culture filtrate, giving 78% recovery with 38-fold purification. The purified preparation showed a major band corresponding to 62 kDa and a faint band about 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The latter corresponds to the molecular weight for alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.     

Microsatellite loci in the stable fly,Stomoxys niger niger (Diptera: Muscidae) on La Réunion Island

Six polymorphic microsatellite markers have been isolated from a microsatellite‐enriched DNA library from the stable fly, Stomoxys niger niger. These loci exhibited five to 10 alleles per locus and an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.57 to 0.81 in the studied populations from La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean). They should therefore be useful for the study of genetic diversity and population structure of S. niger. In addition, cross‐species amplification of four of these six loci in the closely allied species Stomoxys calcitrans produced interpretable results, two of which would be useful for population biology studies.     

Enzymatic synthesis of α-2-deoxyglucosyl derivatives catalyzed by organic solvent-resistant α-glucosidase

Organic solvent-resistant Aspergillus niger α-glucosidase (ANGase) can synthesize α-2-deoxyglucosyl derivatives (2DDs) in water-organic solvent media by a trans-addition reaction from d-glucal to various acceptors. Herein, we studied the influence of four different solvents on ANGase stability and activity. ANGase exhibited 47 or 43% residual activity following incubation in 50% (v/v) or in 70% (v/v) acetone for 4 h, respectively. When various carbohydrates were used as acceptor molecules, ANGase catalyzed the addition reaction of four different sugar alcohols, glucose, sucrose, or trehalose to d-glucal. Among the acceptor molecules tested, xylitol was the best acceptor by producing the highest yield (87% addition). The concentration of acetone/acceptor influenced the formation of 2DDs and the yields. We confirmed the molecular weight of five kinds of products by mass spectrometry and enzymatic hydrolysis. Current method is useful for the production of carbohydrates containing 2-deoxyglucose moiety.     

Colonization of peanut roots by biofilm-forming Paenibacillus polymyxa initiates biocontrol against crown rot disease

Aim: To investigate the role of biofilm‐forming Paenibacillus polymyxa strains in controlling crown root rot disease. Methods and Results: Two plant growth‐promoting P. polymyxa strains were isolated from the peanut rhizosphere, from Aspergillus niger‐suppressive soils. The strains were tested, under greenhouse and field conditions for inhibition of the crown root rot pathogen of the peanut, as well as for biofilm formation in the peanut rhizosphere. The strains’ colonization and biofilm formation were further studied on roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and with solid surface assays. Their crown root rot inhibition performance was studied in field and pot experiments. The strains’ ability to form biofilms in gnotobiotic and soil systems was studied employing scanning electron microscope. Conclusion: Both strains were able to suppress the pathogen but the superior biofilm former offers significantly better protection against crown rot. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study highlights the importance of efficient rhizosphere colonization and biofilm formation in biocontrol.     

黑曲霉N25株产植酸酶及酶促反应条件研究

从植物种子中研究筛选出高产植酸酶的黑曲霉N25,进行了最适液体培养基的筛选,研究了黑曲霉N25在玉米半合成液体培养基中所产植酸酶的最适酶促反应条件。结果表明：在四种培养基中,玉米半合成液体培养基为最适培养基,黑曲霉N25产植酸酶高峰期在96h,黑曲霉N25所产植酸酶的酶促反应最适pH为2.6和4.6,并具有很好的热稳定性,一定浓度的Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Mn^2 ,Cr^3 ,Li^ ,EDTA和高磷是植酸酶活性的抑制剂,1.0mmol/ml聚乙二醇1000,0.3nmol/mL Fe^2 和低磷对植酸酶活性具有激活作用。     

黑曲霉固态发酵木聚糖酶中试条件的研究

通过对黑曲霉在曲盘中进行固态发酵木聚糖酶中试条件进行优化研究,结果表明最适的产酶培养基中麸皮与玉米芯比例为6:4,添加硫酸铵可以促进黑曲霉菌丝生长,对酶活没有显著影响;最适的培养基初始pH值为4.0,培养基厚度为4cm;在28℃下培养60～84h,木聚糖酶活稳定在最高峰。     

Citric acid production by solid state fermentation using sugarcane bagasse

A solid state fermentation (SSF) method was used to produce citric acid by Aspergillus niger DS 1 using sugarcane bagasse as a carrier and sucrose or molasses based medium as a moistening agent. Initially bagasse and wheat bran were compared as carrier. Bagasse was the most suitable carrier, as it did not show agglomeration after moistening with medium, resulting in better heat and mass transfer during fermentation and higher product yield. Different parameters such as moisture content, particle size, sugar level and methanol concentration of the medium were optimised and 75% moisture level, 31.8 g sugar/100 g dry solid, 4% (v/w) methanol and particles of the size between 1.2 and 1.6 mm were found to be optimal. Sucrose and clarified and non-clarified molasses medium were also tested as moistening agents for SSF and under optimised conditions, 20.2, 19.8 and 17.9 g citric acid /100 g of dry solid with yield of 69.6, 64.5 and 62.4% (based on sugar consumed) was obtained in sucrose, clarified and non-clarified molasses medium respectively, after 9 days of fermentation.