三种淋巴瘤细胞CD52抗原呈现稳定性研究及其应用

评估淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS的CD52抗原呈现稳定性,并比较三种细胞用于抗CD52单抗活性检测中的优劣性。采用免疫荧光法检测淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS的CD52抗原呈现率,分析MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现稳定性。分别以MC/CAR、HUT78和RAMOS作为抗CD52单抗结合活性和补体依赖细胞毒性的靶细胞进行检测,并比较其优劣性。结果显示,MC/CAR、RAMOS和HUT78的CD52抗原呈现率分别为95.5%、63.2%和38.3%。MC/CAR传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现率均大于90%。RAMOS传代培养5~13代CD52抗原呈现率介于60%~67%,第14~15代CD52抗原呈现率介于50%~60%,第16~20代细胞CD52抗原呈现率介于40%~50%。HUT78传代培养5~20代CD52抗原呈现率介于26.7%~38.9%。淋巴瘤细胞MC/CAR在抗CD52单抗的结合活性检测中呈现出更好的剂量依赖曲线。淋巴瘤细胞RAMOS在抗CD52单抗的补体依赖细胞毒性检测中呈现出更好的剂量效应曲线。CD52抗原呈现率方面MC/CAR>RAMOS>HUT78。结果表明,MC/CAR更适用于抗CD52单抗的结合活性的检测,RAMOS适用于抗CD52单抗的补体依赖细胞毒性检测。     

定位于5q31-5q32的DFNA52的20个候选基因的突变筛查

为了克隆定位于5号染色体微卫星标记D5S2056和D5S638之间约8.8 cM的区间内的非综合征性常染色体显性遗传性耳聋 DFNA52 (OMIM: 607683)的致病基因, 文章根据基因在耳蜗组织的表达情况, 筛选出20个候选基因, 设计合成了扩增20个基因外显子及外显子与内含子交界的引物, 用DNA直接测序法进行序列变异分析。结果显示, 在基因外显子及侧翼区共发现了45个单核苷酸多态, 其中42个变异在多态数据库已报道, 其余3个为新发现的单核苷酸多态, 序列变异与疾病表型无共分离现象, 排除了这些基因外显子突变导致遗传性耳聋的可能性。     

USP52 inhibits cell proliferation by stabilizing PTEN protein in non-small cell lung cancer

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common subtype of lung cancer. Ubiquitination is closely related to the development of lung cancer. However, the biological importance of newly discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP) 52 (USP52) in NSCLC remained unclear. Here, our findings identify USP52 as a novel tumor suppressor of NSCLC, the low expression of USP52 predicts a poor prognosis for NSCLC patients. The present study demonstrates that USP52 inhibits cancer cell proliferation through down-regulation of cyclin D1 (CCND1) as well as AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, USP25 also suppresses NSCLC progression via enhancing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) stability in cancer cells, which further indicates the significance/importance of USP52 in NSCLC suppression.     

Germ cell-specific DNA and RNA binding proteins p48/52 are expressed at specific stages of male germ cell development and are present in the chromatoid body

Proteins homologous to the Xenopus oocyte mRNA binding proteins mRNP₃₊₄ and designated p48/52 have been identified in male mouse germ cells (1993: Dev Biol 158:90–100). Western and Northwestern blots of extracts from testes and isolated germ cells indicate that p48/52 are present during meiosis but reach their highest levels postmeiotically at a time when many mRNAs are stored. Here we analyze the cellular and subcellular distribution of p48/52 in rat and mouse testes by LM and EM immunocytochemistry using an anti-mRNP₃₊₄ antibody. Immunolabeling was found to be predominantly cytoplasmic and specific to germ cells at certain periods during their development. p48/52 were first detected in early pachytene spermatocytes at stage V of the seminiferous cycle and progressively increased during the remainder of meiotic prophase to a post-meiotic peak in steps 1–8 round spermatids; thereafter, labeling gradually declined as elongated spermatids underwent nuclear condensation and elongation. A proportionally higher concentration of cytoplasmic immunolabeling was found within the lacunae of the anastomotic granulofilamentous network of the chromatoid body. The pattern of synthesis of these mRNA binding proteins together with their association with the chromatoid body suggests a role as germ cell-specific mRNA stabilizing and/or storage proteins. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

TRIM31 interacts with p52 and inhibits Src-induced anchorage-independent growth

Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM) family proteins are involved in a broad range of biological processes and, consistently, their alterations result in diverse pathological conditions such as genetic diseases, viral infection and cancer development. In this study, we found that one of the TRIM family proteins, TRIM31, is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and interacts with p52^Shc, one of the signal transducers. We also found by a binding assay that almost the whole region other than the RING domain is required for the binding to p52^Shc but found by pulse-chase analysis that overexpression of TRIM31 does not affect the stability of p52^Shc. Moreover, we found that overexpression of TRIM31 suppresses anchorage-independent cell growth induced by the active form of c-Src. These results suggest that TRIM31 attenuates c-Src signaling via p52^Shc under anchorage-independent growth conditions and is potentially associated with growth activity of cells in the gastrointestinal tract.     

Human somatic cells deficient for RAD52 are impaired for viral integration and compromised for most aspects of homology-directed repair

Homology-directed repair (HDR) maintains genomic integrity by eliminating lesions such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and stalled replication forks and thus a deficiency in HDR is associated with genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The mechanism of HDR is best understood and most rigorously characterized in yeast. The inactivation of the fungal radiation sensitive 52 (RAD52) gene, which has both recombination mediator and single-strand annealing (SSA) activities in vitro, leads to severe HDR defects in vivo. Confusingly, however, the inactivation of murine and chicken RAD52 genes resulted in mouse and chicken cells, respectively, that were largely aphenotypic. To clarify this issue, we have generated RAD52 knockout human cell lines. Human RAD52-null cells retain a significant level of SSA activity demonstrating perforce that additional SSA-like activities must exist in human cells. Moreover, we confirmed that the SSA activity associated with RAD52 is involved in, but not absolutely required for, most HDR subpathways. Specifically, a deficiency in RAD52 impaired the repair of DNA DSBs and intriguingly decreased the random integration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV). Finally, an analysis of pan-cancer genome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed an association between aberrant levels of RAD52 expression and poor overall survival in multiple cancers. In toto, our work demonstrates that RAD52 contributes to the maintenance of genome stability and tumor suppression in human cells.     

Prognostic role of TPD52 in acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective multicohort analysis

Generating accurate prognoses is extremely important for treating patients with cancer. Prognostic prediction based on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression has shown superior clinical value to other markers for some cancers but is not currently used for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lipid metabolism is associated with biological aspects of cancer progression, including massive proliferation, and abnormal signaling. Moreover, abnormalities in lipid metabolism have prognostic significance. Patients with AML display abnormalities in sphingolipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. TPD52 is a regulator of lipid metabolism and plays a role in the formation of lipid droplets and fatty acid storage. Although the prognostic significance of TPD52 expression has been reported for many types of cancer, it has not yet been assessed in patients with AML. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to assess the prognostic significance of TPD52 in AML using three independent AML cohorts: one from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGCA; n = 142) and two from the National Center for Biotechnology Information: GSE12417 (GPL96-97; n = 162) and GSE12417 (GPL570; n = 78). TPD52 was found to be overexpressed in patients with AML (GSE84881; n = 23). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that TPD52 overexpression was associated with a poor prognosis for patients with AML with good discrimination ( P = 0.013, P = 0.005, and P = 0.032 for the TGCA, GSE12417, and GSE12417, respectively). Analysis of C-indices and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values further supported this discriminative ability. Moreover, multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of TPD52 expression levels ( P = 0.0196). These results suggest that the TPD52 mRNA level is a potential biomarker for AML.     

Rous sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts adhere primarily at discrete protrusions of the ventral membrane called podosomes

Rous sarcoma virus-transformed BHK cells (RSV/B4-BHK) adhere to a fibronectin-coated substratum primarily at specific dot-shaped sites. Such sites contain actin and vinculin and represent close contacts with the substratum as revealed by interference reflection microscopy. Only a few adhesion plaques and actin filament bundles can be detected in these cells as compared to untransformed parental fibroblasts. In thin sections examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) these adhesion sites correspond to short protrusions of the ventral cell surface that contact the substratum at their apical portion. These structures, which may represent cellular feet, are therefore called podosomes. By screening a number of different transformed fibroblasts plated on a fibronectin-coated substratum we find that podosomes are common to mammalian and avian cell lines transformed either by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) or by Fujinami avian sarcoma virus (FSV), whose oncogenes encode specific tyrosine kinases. Using antibodies reacting with phosphotyrosine in immunofluorescence experiments, we show that phosphotyrosine-containing molecules are concentrated in podosomes. Podosomes are not detected in fibroblasts transformed by other retroviruses (Snyder-Theilen sarcoma virus, Abelson leukemia virus and Kirsten sarcoma virus) or by DNA tumor viruses (polyoma, SV40), indicating that podosome-mediated adhesion in transformed fibroblasts is related to the peculiar properties of some oncoproteins and possibly to their tropism for adhesion systems. Podosomes and adhesion plaques, although similar in cytoskeletal protein composition, have different mechanisms and kinetics of formation. Assembly of podosomes, in fact (i) does not require fetal calf serum (FCS) in the adhesion medium, that is necessary for the organization of adhesion plaques; (ii) does not require protein synthesis; and (iii) is insensitive to the ionophore monensin, that prevents adhesion plaque formation. Moreover, during attachment to fibronectin-coated dishes, podosomes appear in the initial phase (60 min) of attachment, while adhesion plaques require a minimum of 180 min. In conclusion podosomes of RSV- and FSV-transformed fibroblasts represent a phenotypic variant of adhesion structures.     

Myosin VI-Dependent Actin Cages Encapsulate Parkin-Positive Damaged Mitochondria

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