柴胡属植物皂苷成分研究进展

本文报道了1989年以来柴胡属植物皂苷成分的研究进展。     

Patterns of lipid biomarkers in the fruit of Bupleurum L. growing wild in Turkey

Four Bupleurum species, representing two sections, were collected from their natural habitats and the fatty acid and sterol compositions and α-tocopherol contents of their fruit oils examined. The major fatty acids were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids in all species (41.13–79.92%, 11.07–23.21% and 3.52–7.60%, respectively). Δ-5-Avenasterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ-5,24-stigmastadienol and campesterol exhibited in significant concentrations in all species (9.63–48.79%, 15.42–33.44%, 16.11–25.35%, 12.67–22.97% and 3.10–4.86%, respectively). Higher α-tocopherol concentrations were quantified in both species from section Eubupleura (2.55–2.70 mg/100 g) than in section Perfoliata. Significant correlations were found among the fatty acid and phytosterol quantities observed in the Bupleurum accessions. The results indicated that these species have potential as alternative raw materials and nutraceutical sources through the selection of high yield cultivars and agricultural production.     

不同套种模式北柴胡的化学差异研究

目的:对"谷子/柴胡套种"和"玉米/柴胡套种"两种套种模式下北柴胡的化学成分进行比较,从化学组成角度阐明两种套种模式下北柴胡的化学成分的差异.方法:采用柴胡皂苷含量测定,结合基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的代谢组学技术以及全球天然产物社会分子网络,对两种不同套种模式的北柴胡进行全面比较.结果:玉米/柴胡套种的北柴胡药材...     

使用 RASP 软件预测中国柴胡属的起源和扩散简

采用系统发育的祖先性状重构软件RASP（Reconstruct Ancestral State in Phylogenies）,首次使用扩散隔离分析的统计学方法（Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis,S-DIVA）和Binary Bayesian MCMC（BBM）方法,选择粗糙西风芹（Seseli squarrulosum）和竹叶西风芹（S.mairei）为外类群,对来自中国的26个柴胡属植物的核糖体内转录间隔区（Internal Transcribed Spacer,ITS）和叶绿体rps16序列进行分子系统分析。结果表明,ITS和rps16序列集所构建的重要节点中,祖先分布区概率占绝对优势的是中国南方地区,推测中国南方是中国柴胡属的起源中心,且时间—事件（Time Event,TE）曲线结果表明距今20和2.5百万年（20和2.5 Ma Bp）出现扩散峰值,在15 Ma Bp出现谷值,推测其20 Ma Bp（庐山亚冰期）,南方和北方种类交流隔离,中国北方分布类型为主体的类群,以散点式的分布,南方分布类型为主体的类群,形成次生分化中心,并按照一定的路径向外扩散,形成对外扩散的高峰期;15 Ma Bp时,以南方为冰期的避难所,出现扩散的低谷期;2.5 Ma Bp（大理亚冰期）左右,因为青藏高原的隆起,中国柴胡属种类再一次发生物种多样化和形成向外扩散的高峰期。     

RP-HPLC法测定北柴胡地上部分山柰酚的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC法测定北柴胡地上部分山柰酚含量的色谱方法。方法:采用RP-HPLC,C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相甲醇-(0.5%磷酸)水(体积比为48∶52),检测波长360 nm,柱温34℃。结果:山柰酚质量浓度在0~0.048 g/L内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5(n=6);平均回收率为100.7%,RSD=1.8%(n=6)。结论:测定方法准确,可靠,为北柴胡地上部分的质量评价提供了可靠的依据。     

中西医结合治疗胆汁返流性胃炎的观察

目的：探讨中西医结合在胆汁反流性胃炎治疗中的应用及疗效。方法：将64例胆汁反流性胃炎患者随机平均分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用多潘立酮和铝碳酸镁进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用中药大柴胡汤,疗程为6周。观察治疗后患者主要症状改善情况和胃镜下表现情况,并行疗效比较。结果：观察组患者上腹痛、恶心、胃内胆汁、胃黏膜充血、胃黏膜糜烂等症状的改善率高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组治愈14例、显效9例、有效6例、无效3例,疗效优于对照组,差异有显著性（Z=2．864,P〈0．01）。结论：中西医结合是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效治疗方案,建议临床推广应用。     

狭叶柴胡种子萌发与内源抑制物质

分别测定了柴胡种子的水浸提液、水浸泡液与乙醚浸提液对柴胡种子萌发以及对白菜和小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制活性;用水、乙醚、乙醇和丙酮浸泡柴胡种子,比较其对种子中抑制物质的去除效果;运用原位实验方法探讨柴胡种子萌发与内源抑制物质之间的关系。结果表明：柴胡种子中含有一定活性的内源抑制物质,其对白菜幼根生长的抑制活性高于对白菜种子萌发的抑制活性,对小麦叶绿素含量、鲜质量和α-淀粉酶的活性高于对小麦种子萌发的抑制活性,并且对柴胡自身种子萌发也有明显的抑制作用;室温用乙醚浸种24 h可以提高种子发芽率。据此,建立了柴胡种子的催芽技术。     

狭叶柴胡大小孢子发生和雌雄配子体发育的研究

用石蜡切片法、半薄切片法对狭叶柴胡的大、小孢子发生和雌、雄配子体发育进行观察研究。结果显示:(1)狭叶柴胡花药壁的发育为双子叶型,腺质绒毡层;小孢子母细胞减数分裂过程中的胞质分裂为同时型,四分孢子为正四面体形;成熟的花粉粒为3-细胞型,具3个萌发孔。(2)倒生型胚珠,单珠被,薄珠心;大孢子母细胞常为一个雌性孢原直接发育而成,大孢子四分体呈线型,多数情况为合点端一个大孢子分化为功能大孢子;由功能大孢子发育为蓼型成熟胚囊。(3)八核胚囊时期,珠心基部和两侧的一些珠心细胞留存较久,成为珠心座细胞。此外,珠被内表皮细胞发育为珠被绒毡层。     

Crude polysaccharide from an anti-UVB cell clone of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bupleurum scorzonerifolium</Emphasis> protect HaCaT cells against UVB-induced oxidative stress

Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd has been found to have a wide range of immunopharmacologic functions. We isolated an anti-UVB B. scorzonerifolium cell clone and found elevated level of polysaccharides. In this study, we investigated the ability of crude polysaccharide (CP) from the anti-UVB B. scorzonerifolium cell clone to inhibit UVB-induced photodamage using a human skin keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Cells were UVB irradiated and then incubated in presence of different concentrations of CP. MTT assay showed that the CP did not induce cytotoxic effect under 10 mg/mL and after UVB irradiation, CP can inhibit UVB-induced HaCaT cell death. Decreased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation and increased superoxide dismutase activity showed that CP can act as a free radical scavenger. Furthermore, CP had a strong protective ability against UVB-induced DNA damage. These effects were compared to the crude polysaccharide (CP′) from normal B. scorzonerifolium callus at concentration of 20 mg/mL. The portion of crude polysaccharide (CP) from the anti-UVB B. scorzonerifolium cell clone was more than 2.5-fold higher than crude polysaccharide (CP′) from normal B. scorzonerifolium callus. Taken together, the protective mechanisms of crude polysaccharide from the anti-UVB B. scorzonerifolium cell clone against UVB-induced photodamage occur by the inhibition of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage.