双歧杆菌活菌制剂对烧伤鼠肠源性感染的预防作用

本文以３０％烫伤同时口服抗生素,喂饲双歧杆菌制剂的大鼠为模型,将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠分为烧伤治疗组,烧伤对照组及正常对照组。并于伤后２４、４８、７２、９６小时分别观察盲肠内容物菌群,粘蛋白,分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＳＩｇＡ）;肠道细菌移位率;腔静脉内毒素含量。结果发现烧伤后肠道菌群有不同程度的变化,念珠菌迅速过度生长、厌氧菌下降、肠内需厌氧菌比例严重失调,治疗组中粘蛋白含量,肠道细菌移位率均明显小于烧伤对照组;而ＳＩｇＡ含量则高于对照组,菌群改变较对照组轻。故认为双歧杆菌制剂有助于预防烧伤肠源性感染的发生。     

双歧杆菌抗衰老作用的初步研究

本文用双歧杆菌活菌液喂养老龄大白鼠,观察其血中抗衰老生化指标（ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）和衰老生化指标（ＬＰＯ）的变化。试验组大鼠用双歧杆菌喂养两个月后,与对照组相比,前者血中ＳＯＤ活性显著升高（ｐ〈０．０１）,ＬＰＯ的含量显著低于对照组（ｐ〈０．０５）。采用自身对照,试验组大鼠用双歧杆菌喂养后与喂养前相比,ＳＯＤ活性显著升高（ｐ〈０．０１）,而ＬＰＯ的变化无显著性（ｐ〉０．０５）;对照组大鼠在试验期     

双歧杆菌胞外多糖研究进展

双歧杆菌是一种众所周知、使用范围很广的商用益生菌,其生长繁殖贯穿人的整个生命过程。有研究表明双歧杆菌具有益生功能的主要分子机制依赖于双歧杆菌自身分泌的胞外多糖。尽管一些细菌胞外多糖已经商业化用于食品和医药保健品等领域,如黄原胶、透明质酸和右旋糖苷等,但双歧杆菌等常用益生菌的胞外多糖还鲜见有商业化应用的报道。本文综述了双歧杆菌胞外多糖的合成分子机制、单糖组成及其理化性质,分析了双歧杆菌胞外多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用,阐述了双歧杆菌胞外多糖在抗氧化、改善和提高宿主免疫、抗过敏、抗肿瘤以及降低胆固醇等方面所体现出的益生功能。同时也对双歧杆菌胞外多糖分子机制研究和产业化开发方面存在的一些问题进行了讨论。     

腹泻小儿便中双歧杆菌含量变化和红细胞免疫功能关系的探讨

目的：研究腹泻小儿便中双歧杆菌含量变化与红细胞免疫的关系。方法：对42例腹泻小儿和38例正常小儿进行了粪便双歧杆菌含量、红细胞CR1数量及红细胞自然粘附肿瘤花环率（NTRR）的测定。结果：与正常小儿相比,腹泻小儿粪便中双歧杆菌含量明显下降,红细胞CR1数量无明显改变,NTRR明显下降。结论：小儿肠道内双歧杆菌含量与其红细胞CR1免疫活性有相关关系。     

双歧杆菌对RAW264.7细胞的免疫刺激作用

为了检测双歧杆菌是否能增强巨噬细胞免疫因子的产生,用ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞作为巨噬细胞模型,将８种不同的经热处理杀死的双歧杆菌分别与培养的ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞温育。所有的双歧杆菌均能诱导ＴＮＦ－α及ＩＬ－６的产生,且产生ＴＮＦ－α及ＩＬ－６的量与双歧杆菌的剂量及诱导时间有关,在２４ｈ之内,与对照组相比,８种双歧杆菌均能增强ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６的产生,但是如果双歧杆菌与ＲＡＷ２６４．７细胞温育时间短（只有１４ｈ）,低剂量的双歧杆菌（１０μｇ／ｍＬ和５０μｇ／ｍＬ）就不能诱导ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６的产生。双歧杆菌     

Encapsulation of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BIOMA 5920 with alginate-human-like collagen and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions

Alginate (ALg)-human-like collagen (HLC) microspheres were prepared by the technology of electrostatic droplet generation in order to develop a biocompatible vehicle for probiotic bacteria. Microparticles were spherical with mean particle size of 400 μm. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ALg-HLC microspheres could reach 92-99.2%. Water-soluble and fibrous human-like collagen is combined with sodium alginate through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic force which were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thus the matrix of ALg-HLC was very stable. Bifidobacterium longum BIOMA 5920, as a kind of probiotic bacteria, was encapsulated with alginate-human-like collagen to survive and function in simulated gastrointestinal juice. Microparticles were very easy to degradation in simulated intestinal juices. After incubation in simulated gastric (pH 2.0, 2 h), the encapsulated B. longum BIOMA 5920 numbers were 4.81 ± 0.38 log cfu/g.     

特定双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病小鼠的影响

为了观察特定双歧杆菌菌株对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的Balb/c小鼠结肠炎的影响,探讨该双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病(IBD)的防治作用及其可能机制。将小鼠分为3组:正常对照组、模型组(DSS组)、实验组(DSS+Bf组)。用已挑选好的双歧杆菌菌株预先处理小鼠4周后,用4%DSS溶液诱导急性结肠炎。实验结束后,检测每组小鼠结肠的长度及结肠炎炎症程度,利用半定量RT-PCR法检测小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞中IL-10的表达,利用免疫组化实验检测肠道黏膜中IL-10分泌阳性细胞。结果实验组小鼠结肠的平均长度为7.80 cm±0.21 cm,虽较正常对照组(9.10 cm±0.82 cm)缩短,但较模型组(6.80 cm±0.31 cm)其缩短程度减少;结肠炎炎症程度肉眼评分结果:模型组和实验组分别为8.60±0.24分和6.60±0.68分,两组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),显微镜下评分结果为实验组(6.80±0.73分)较模型组(8.80±0.37分)明显减少(P<0.05);实验组小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞IL-10的表达和肠道黏膜IL-10分泌阳性细胞数明显多于模型组。该实验所用的双歧杆菌菌株减轻了DSS诱导的小鼠肠道炎症反应,并且增强了肠道免疫细胞的IL-10的表达及分泌。     

婴儿肠道双歧杆菌多样性的研究进展

双歧杆菌是婴儿肠道中最丰富的微生物,对婴儿肠道微生物的成熟和稳定有显著影响,与婴儿健康紧密相关。大量研究表明,婴儿肠道中最广泛存在的双歧杆菌有长双歧杆菌、短双歧杆菌和两歧双歧杆菌。母婴之间垂直传递可直接影响婴儿肠道中双歧杆菌各种属的早期定植和相对丰度变化,特别是分娩方式和喂养方式会显著影响婴儿肠道双歧杆菌。此外,胎龄和辅食等因素对婴儿肠道中双歧杆菌的组成与多样性也有一定影响。本文对婴儿肠道双歧杆菌的种属组成、相对丰度变化以及影响其多样性的因素进行了综述,为婴儿双歧杆菌群落的认识提供一定的理论依据。     

Bifidobacteria alleviate experimentally induced colitis by upregulating indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase expression

The goal of this study was explore the role of indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO) in the therapeutic effect of probiotics on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was used to induce colitis in mice and 1‐methyltryptophan (1‐MT) to block expression of IDO. Clinical manifestations and macroscopic and microscopic colonic changes were assessed using a disease activity index (DAI), the Wallace–Keenan, and Curtner scoring systems, respectively. Expression of colonic IDO was detected by western blot. Immunohistochemistry analysis to evaluate numbers of CD11c⁺ cells and expression of IL‐17 and Foxp3 showed that DAI, Wallace–Keenan, and Curtner scores were lower in the Bifidobacteria treatment group than the control group and that the therapeutic effect of Bifidobacteria was blocked by 1‐MT (P < 0.05). Additionally, Bifidobacteria were found to increase expression of IDO and the numbers of CD11c⁺ cells, CD11c⁺ and IDO double positive cells and Foxp3⁺ Treg cells, while decreasing the number of IL‐17⁺cells (P < 0.05). The generation of Foxp3⁺ Treg cells induced by Bifidobacteria was abrogated by 1‐MT (P < 0.05). These findings study suggest that Bifidobacteria attenuate TNBS‐induced colitis by inducing expression of IDO, which further increases generation of Foxp3⁺ Treg cells.

     

Bifidobacteria strains isolated from stools of iron deficient infants can efficiently sequester iron

Background

Bifidobacteria is one of the major gut commensal groups found in infants. Their colonization is commonly associated with beneficial effects to the host through mechanisms like niche occupation and nutrient competition against pathogenic bacteria. Iron is an essential element necessary for most microorganisms, including bifidobacteria and efficient competition for this micronutrient is linked to proliferation and persistence. For this research we hypothesized that bifidobacteria in the gut of iron deficient infants can efficiently sequester iron. The aim of the present study was to isolate bifidobacteria in fecal samples of iron deficient Kenyan infants and to characterize siderophore production and iron internalization capacity.

Results

Fifty-six bifidobacterial strains were isolated by streaking twenty-eight stool samples from Kenyan infants, in enrichment media. To target strains with high iron sequestration mechanisms, a strong iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl was supplemented to the agar media. Bifidobacterial isolates were first identified to species level by 16S rRNA sequencing, yielding B. bifidum (19 isolates), B. longum (15), B. breve (11), B. kashiwanohense (7), B. pseudolongum (3) and B. pseudocatenulatum (1). While most isolated bifidobacterial species are commonly encountered in the infantile gut, B. kashiwanohense was not frequently reported in infant feces. Thirty strains from culture collections and 56 isolates were characterized for their siderophore production, tested by the CAS assay. Siderophore activity ranged from 3 to 89% siderophore units, with 35 strains (41%) exhibiting high siderophore activity, and 31 (36%) and 20 (23%) showing intermediate or low activity. The amount of internalized iron of 60 bifidobacteria strains selected for their siderophore activity, was in a broad range from 8 to118 μM Fe. Four strains, B. pseudolongum PV8-2, B. kashiwanohense PV20-2, B. bifidum PV28-2a and B. longum PV5-1 isolated from infant stool samples were selected for both high siderophore activity and iron internalization.

Conclusions

A broad diversity of bifidobacteria were isolated in infant stools using iron limited conditions, with some strains exhibiting high iron sequestration properties. The ability of bifidobacteria to efficiently utilize iron sequestration mechanism such as siderophore production and iron internalization may confer an ecological advantage and be the basis for enhanced competition against enteropathogens.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-014-0334-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.