双歧杆菌胞外多糖研究进展

双歧杆菌是一种众所周知、使用范围很广的商用益生菌,其生长繁殖贯穿人的整个生命过程。有研究表明双歧杆菌具有益生功能的主要分子机制依赖于双歧杆菌自身分泌的胞外多糖。尽管一些细菌胞外多糖已经商业化用于食品和医药保健品等领域,如黄原胶、透明质酸和右旋糖苷等,但双歧杆菌等常用益生菌的胞外多糖还鲜见有商业化应用的报道。本文综述了双歧杆菌胞外多糖的合成分子机制、单糖组成及其理化性质,分析了双歧杆菌胞外多糖对肠道菌群的调节作用,阐述了双歧杆菌胞外多糖在抗氧化、改善和提高宿主免疫、抗过敏、抗肿瘤以及降低胆固醇等方面所体现出的益生功能。同时也对双歧杆菌胞外多糖分子机制研究和产业化开发方面存在的一些问题进行了讨论。

Advance in research on Bifidobacterial surface-exopolysaccharide

Abstract: It is well known that Bifidobacteria are one kind of the universally used probiotic bacteria, exists in the gut throughout the whole mortal life. Previous studies have indicated that extracellular polysaccharide may be the major factor that affects the probiotic functions of Bifidobacteria. Although some bacterial extracellular polysaccharide, such as xanthan, hyaluronan and dextran etc. have been commercialized and applied in the area related to food and biomedicine, reports on the commercial use of Bifidobacterial exopolysaccharide are rare. This paper reviews the synthesis mechanism, monosaccharide composition and physical-chemical properties of Bifidobacterial exopolysaccharide, and analyzes its functions in regulating gut flora and host immunity system, inhibiting the growth of some pathogens and decreasing cholesterol level, as well as its antioxidant, anti-allergy and anti-tumor effects. Meanwhile the existing problems relating to the molecular mechanism study and commercialized application of Bifidobacterial exopolysaccharide are discussed.