GST-His-Heparinase Ⅰ双标签融合蛋白的原核表达与纯化

以pET15b-HepⅠ为模板,通过PCR技术扩增出上游合有6×His标签的HepⅠ基因序列,克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-1。测序鉴定后,将重组表达质粒pGEX-His-HepⅠ转入E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,经IPTG诱导表达。表达产物可溶部分用GSTrap FF和HisTrap HP柱两步亲和纯化,所得产物经SDS-PAGE检测,在66 kDa和43 kDa处显示特异条带,分别与GST-His-HepⅠ和His-HepⅠ融合蛋白预期分子量相符;最终His-HepⅠ融合蛋白的比酶活为86.45 IU/mg,纯度高达99%,与仅一步亲和纯化得到的GST-His-HepⅠ融合蛋白相比,进一步提高了纯化后重组肝素酶的纯度。本研究为制备高纯度的HepⅠ提供了一种方法,对制备高安全性的LMwH和解析HepⅠ晶体结构具有重要意义。     

Annexin A2 Reduces PCSK9 Protein Levels via a Translational Mechanism and Interacts with the M1 and M2 Domains of PCSK9

Annexin A2 (AnxA2) was reported to be an extracellular endogenous inhibitor of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) activity on cell-surface LDL receptor degradation. In this study, we investigated the effect of silencing the expression of AnxA2 and PCSK9 in HepG2 and Huh7 cells to better define the role of AnxA2 in PCSK9 regulation. AnxA2 knockdown in Huh7 cells significantly increased PCSK9 protein levels as opposed to AnxA2 knockdown in HepG2 cells. However, HepG2 cells overexpressing AnxA2 had lower levels of PCSK9 protein. Overall, our data revealed a plausible new role of AnxA2 in the reduction of PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism. Moreover, the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain of PCSK9 is crucial in the regulation of PCSK9 activity, and we demonstrated by far-Western blot assay that the M1 and M2 domains are necessary for the specific interaction of PCSK9''s C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain and AnxA2. Finally, we produced and purified recombinant PCSK9 from humans and mice, which was characterized and used to perform 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate LDL cell-based assays on the stable knockdown HepG2 and Huh7 cells. We also demonstrated for the first time the equipotency of human and mouse PCSK9 R218S on human cells.     

Cytosolic Dynamics of Annexin A6 Trigger Feedback Regulation of Hypertrophy via Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Cardiomyocytes

Malfunctions in regulatory pathways that control cell size are prominent in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we show annexin A6 (Anxa6) to be a crucial regulator of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-mediated counterhypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes. Adrenergic stimulation of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by phenylephrine (PE) increased the cell size with enhanced expression of biochemical markers of hypertrophy, concomitant with elevated expression and subcellular redistribution of Anxa6. Stable cell lines with controlled increase in Anxa6 levels were protected against PE-induced adverse changes, whereas Anxa6 knockdown augmented the hypertrophic responses. Strikingly, Anxa6 knockdown also abrogated PE-induced juxtanuclear accumulation of secretory granules (SG) containing ANP propeptides (pro-ANP), a signature of maladaptive hypertrophy having counteractive functions. Mechanistically, PE treatment prompted a dynamic association of Anxa6 with pro-ANP-SG, parallel to their participation in anterograde traffic, in an isoform-specific fashion. Moreover, Anxa6 mutants that failed to associate with pro-ANP hindered ANP-mediated protection against hypertrophy, which was rescued, at least partially, by WT Anxa6. Additionally, elevated intracellular calcium (Ca²⁺) stimulated Anxa6-pro-ANP colocalization and membrane association. It also rescued pro-ANP translocation in cells expressing an Anxa6 mutant (Anxa6^ΔC). Furthermore, stable overexpression of Anxa6^T356D, a mutant with superior flexibility, provided enhanced protection against PE, compared with WT, presumably due to enhanced membrane-binding capacity. Together, the present study delivers a cooperative mechanism where Anxa6 potentiates ANP-dependent counterhypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes by facilitating regulated traffic of pro-ANP.     

Asia-Ⅰ口蹄疫病毒P1-2A基因真核表达质粒的构建及小鼠免疫试验

目的 构建含有Asia-Ⅰ型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A 基因的真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A,并用pVAXⅠ-P1-2A免疫小鼠,评价其体液免疫和细胞免疫水平。方法 通过RT-PCR 方法扩增得到含有FMDV P1-2A编码区的目的基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。将pMD18-T-P1-2A和 pVAXⅠ分别经EcoRⅤ和XbaⅠ双酶切后连接构建真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A。将酶切鉴定正确后的重组质粒转染HeLa细胞进行IFA检测。再进行小鼠血清特异性抗体试验、小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖试验和IFN-γ ELISPOT试验。结果 酶切结果与预期目的条带大小相符;荧光结果表明经pVAXⅠ-P1-2A转染的细胞有明显的黄绿色荧光,说明P1-2A基因在HeLa细胞中得到了表达;小鼠免疫结果表明,用免疫的小鼠都产生了较强的体液免疫和细胞免疫,并且T淋巴细胞增殖数和产生IFN-γ的细胞数和对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05)。间接ELISA试验表明,在免疫第14天抗体水平比对照组明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 成功构建了真核表达质粒pVAXⅠ-P1-2A,并通过小鼠免疫试验发现重组质粒试验组能够诱导产生特异性的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

一种检测早期凋亡细胞的方法

本文介绍了一种定量检测早期凋亡细胞的流式细胞术——Annexin V-PI双染色法,并作了一些改进。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素-Ⅰ突变体A1Y-HWTX-Ⅰ的固相合成和生物学活性测定

用芴甲氧羰基 (Fmoc)固相多肽合成的方法在自制自动蛋白质化学工作站上合成了用酪氨酸 (Y)替代虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素 - (HWTX- )第一位丙氨酸 (A1 )的突变体 A1 Y- HWTX- .合成的突变体用 Edman降解和电喷雾质谱法进行鉴定 .活性分析结果证明 ,合成的 A1 Y- HWTX- 在含有谷胱甘肽的缓冲体系中氧化折叠后显示出与天然 HWTX- 完全相同的生物学活性 ,提示 Y替代 HWTX- 的 A1后并不明显影响 HWTX- 的活性部位和空间构象 ;A1与 HWTX- 生物学活性无关 .此外 ,将 Y引入 HWTX- 分子有助于利用碘标记方法研究 HWTX- 的作用机制     

苏姜猪OLR1基因多态性及其与肉质性状的关联分析

探讨OLR1基因在苏姜猪群内的遗传多态性,以及该基因多态对苏姜猪猪肉质性状的影响。采用PCR-RFLP技术检测OLR1基因在苏姜猪试验群体中的PstⅠ酶切遗传多态性,运用单因素方差分析方法分析了该多态位点对苏姜猪肉质性状的影响。结果发现,苏姜猪试验群体OLR1基因内含子5区域内发现一个PstⅠ酶切多态性,检测到CC、CD和DD三种基因型,多态信息含量呈现中度多态性。CC型与DD型个体的肌肉失水率、大理石纹间的差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),CD型个体用色差仪测得的b值显著高于DD型(P<0.05)。因此,检测到的OLR1基因PCR-RFLP-PstⅠ多态性与大理石纹等肉质性状存在着显著的相关关系,可以作为肉质性状候选基因在苏姜猪的持续选育中加以应用。     

Glutamine-Fructose-6-Phosphate Transaminase 2 (GFPT2) Is Upregulated in Breast Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Responds to Oxidative Stress

Breast cancer cells that have undergone partial epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are believed to be more invasive than cells that have completed EMT. To study metabolic reprogramming in different mesenchymal states, we analyzed protein expression following EMT in the breast epithelial cell model D492 with single-shot LFQ supported by a SILAC proteomics approach. The D492 EMT cell model contains three cell lines: the epithelial D492 cells, the mesenchymal D492M cells, and a partial mesenchymal, tumorigenic variant of D492 that overexpresses the oncogene HER2. The analysis classified the D492 and D492M cells as basal-like and D492HER2 as claudin-low. Comparative analysis of D492 and D492M to tumorigenic D492HER2 differentiated metabolic markers of migration from those of invasion. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 2 (GFPT2) was one of the top dysregulated enzymes in D492HER2. Gene expression analysis of the cancer genome atlas showed that GFPT2 expression was a characteristic of claudin-low breast cancer. siRNA-mediated knockdown of GFPT2 influenced the EMT marker vimentin and both cell growth and invasion in vitro and was accompanied by lowered metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP). Knockdown of GFPT2 decreased cystathionine and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQOR) in the transsulfuration pathway that regulates H₂S production and mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, GFPT2 was within the regulation network of insulin and EGF, and its expression was regulated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and suppressed by the oxidative stress regulator GSK3-β. Our results demonstrate that GFPT2 controls growth and invasion in the D492 EMT model, is a marker for oxidative stress, and associated with poor prognosis in claudin-low breast cancer.     

Characterization of Annexins in Mammalian Brain

Three annexins--p68, endonexin, and p32--have been isolated from porcine brain using their calcium-dependent affinity for membranes. Large amounts (20-50 mg/kg of tissue) of p68 and p32 can be isolated from cerebrum and cerebellum. The p68 is present as up to 0.3% of total porcine brain protein. The p68 and p32 from porcine brain bind to phosphatidic acid (half-maximal binding at 6 and 34 microM free calcium, respectively) and to phosphatidylserine (8 and 34 microM, respectively). They do not bind to phosphatidylcholine at calcium concentrations up to 1 mM. Two other major proteins (Mr 180,000 and Mr 76,000) were isolated with the annexins in a calcium-dependent manner but do not bind to phospholipids. The 180-kilodalton protein is the heavy chain of clathrin. From immunohistochemical studies, p68 is strongly associated with the plasma membranes of Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites in porcine cerebellum. It is also an intracellular component of Purkinje cells localized to perinuclear structures. Staining of axons in the white matter and granule cell layer was also seen. In contrast, p32 is completely absent from Purkinje cells and their dendrites; it is predominantly located in the molecular layer and in white matter of the cerebellar folds. The distribution of p32 may be consistent with a predominantly glial localization.     

Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and EGFR-TKI resistance of non-small cell lung cancers via HGF/IGF-1/ANXA2 signaling

The involvement of the tumor stromal cells in acquired resistance of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has previously been reported, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism underlying Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in TKI resistance of NSCLCs. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that HCC827 and PC9 cells, non-small cell lung cancer cells with EGFR-activating mutations, became resistant to the EGFR-TKI gefitinib when cultured with CAFs isolated from NSCLC tissues. Moreover, we showed that CAFs could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of HCC827 and PC9 cells, with an associated change in the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers. Using proteomics-based method, we identified that CAFs significantly increased the expression of the Annexin A2 (ANXA2). More importantly, knockdown of ANXA2 completely reversed EMT phenotype and gefitinib resistance induced by CAFs. Furthermore, we found that CAFs increased the expression and phosphorylation of ANXA2 by secretion of growth factors HGF and IGF-1 and by activation of the corresponding receptors c-met and IGF-1R. Dual inhibition of HGF/c-met and IGF-1/IGF-1R pathways could significantly suppress ANXA2, and markedly reduced CAFs-induced EMT and gefitinib resistance. Taken together, these findings indicate that CAFs promote EGFR-TKIs resistance through HGF/IGF-1/ANXA2/EMT signaling and may be an ideal therapeutic target in NSCLCs with EGFR-activating mutations.