山西省阳圪台林场森林益鸟觅食类型调查

山西省阳圪台林场森林益鸟觅食类型调查李育森,薛林旺,徐世奎山西省阳圪台国营林场方山县０３３１００我们于１９９０－１９９２年在山西省关帝山森林管理局阳圪台国营林场,针对觅食森林害虫和害鼠的森林益鸟的觅食环境和觅食方式,进行了初步调查,共计获得森林益鸟８...     

棕榈蓟马(Thripspalmi)对不同颜色粘卡的嗜好及其蓝色粘卡诱虫量的研究

The test on the preference of Thrips palmi to eight color sticky cards was carried out in an eggplant field. The thrip had the strongest preference to blue sticky card (P<0.01), and its preference order to the other 7 color cards was as follows: blue, turguoise, yellow, deep blue, green, orange, red and black. Results on the trapping effect of blue sticky card from east, south, west and north directions show that most thrips were trapped from the north,which existed a significant difference with those from the other three directions (P<0.05). Five blue sticky cards were set up at the heights of 73.9,101.7,129.5,157.3 and 185.1 cm above the ground to trap thrips, when the average height of eggplant was approximately 70 cm. More thrips were trapped of 73.9 and 101.7 cm height, which existed significant difference with those at the other three heights. During 5 continuous 3 hour spans from 5 am to 8 pm, the numbers of female, male and total adult thrips trapped were not significantly different.     

黑脸琵鹭是怎样走向濒危的

黑脸琵鹭是一种全球性濒危珍稀鸟类．该物种已被收录于国际自然保护联盟(IUCN)“红皮书”,亚洲鸟类红皮书和中国濒危动物红皮书《鸟类》,等级为“濒危”,并建议列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物。     

云南元江上游石羊江河谷绿孔雀不同季节觅食地选择

我们于2007年3-4月和10-11月在云南元江上游石羊江河谷绿孔雀(Pavo muticus imperator)的分布区内, 采用样线法和样方法调查了绿孔雀的觅食生境, 测定了21个生态因子。结果表明, 春季的觅食地利用样方距小路距离、乔木种类和藤本密度与对照样方存在显著差异, 而秋季的则不显著。生态因子比较和逻辑斯谛回归分析结果表明, 春、秋季绿孔雀均选择落果多、接近水源、坡度小、乔木的盖度和胸径大的地区作为觅食地。乔木和草本盖度, 距小路、居民点和林缘距离等是影响判别春、秋季觅食地选择的关键因子。概率和空间分布分析结果表明, 春、秋季绿孔雀在研究区内的概率分布呈明显的斑块状, 不同季节觅食活动位点均趋向于聚集分布, 分布区存在分离, 但有部分重叠。生态因子的主成分分析结果表明, 人为干扰对绿孔雀的影响大于安全和食物需求对它们自身的影响。隐蔽条件、食物和水源等关键性生态因子的配置和可获得性决定了绿孔雀的觅食地选择行为, 它对觅食地利用的不均匀是由于可利用资源分布不均匀所致, 而人为干扰压缩了可利用的适宜生境, 降低了利用程度。     

不同化感水稻品种根系分泌物中萜类化合物的差异分析

以强化感水稻品种PI312777和弱化感水稻品种Lemont为供试材料,运用“循环法”收集供试水稻经土壤和石英沙介质后的根系分泌物,并经乙醚萃取,所获萃取物经气相色谱 质谱联用仪（GC-MS）测试,检索谱图库确定化合物.结果表明,乙醚萃取物中检测到含氧萜类化合物,如柠檬烯氧化物、柠檬烯二氧化物、香芹酮氧化物、香芹醇、雪松醇等,不同品种间含氧萜类化合物种类相似,但在不同介质中的存留方式和数量存在差异.文中还就不同培养方式和品种间萜类化合物的差异作了进一步讨论.     

Foraging site recursion by forest elephants Elephas maximus borneensis

Recursion by herbivores is the repeated use of the same site or plants. Recursion by wild animals is rarely investigated but may be ubiquitous. Optimal foraging theory predicts site recursion as a function of the quality of the site, extent of its last use, and time since its last use because these influence site resource status and recovery. We used GPS collars, behaviour and site sampling to investigate recursion to foraging sites for two elephant Elephas maximus borneensis herds in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Borneo, over a 12 month period. Recursion occurred to 48 out of 87 foraging sites and was most common within 48 hours or between 151-250 days, indicating two different types ofrecursion. Recursion was more likely to occur if the site had previously been occupied for longer. Moreover, the time spent at a site at recursion was the same as the time spent at the site on the first occasion. The number of days that had passed between the first visit and recursion was also positively correlated with how much time was spent at the site at recursion. Habitat type also influenced the intensity of site-use, with more time spent at recursion within riverine/open grass areas along forest margins compared to other habitat types. Recursion is a common behaviour used by the elephants and its pattern suggests it may be a foraging strategy for revisiting areas of greater value. The qualities of recursion sites might usefully be incorporated into landscape management strategies for elephant conservation in the area [Current Zoology 60 （4）： 551-559, 2014].     

红火蚁弃尸堆的食物结构

通过对红火蚁弃尸堆进行收集、整理、鉴定和分析,研究了自然条件下华南地区典型生境中红火蚁食物结构的季节性变化.结果表明:红火蚁弃尸堆中主要包括了8个目的昆虫和种子共41个种类.其中鞘翅目Coleoptera昆虫的出现频率最高,在4个生境荔枝园、苗圃、荒地、公路路边中分别为69.05%、41.7%、51.8%和66.67%;同翅目Homoptera昆虫出现频率最低,只在荒地中发现占1.20%.其余依次为膜翅目Hymenoptera(14.92%)、半翅目Hemiptera(11.96%)、种子(11.66%)、直翅目Orthoptera(2.08%)、鳞翅目Lepidoptera(0.60%)、等翅目Isoptera(0.60%)和蜻蜓目Odonata(0.60%).弃尸堆中的昆虫碎片以成虫为主,蛹和幼虫较少.不同生境弃尸堆内红火蚁觅食对象的种类虽然较为接近,但在组成与数量上存在差异,其相似度不高.弃尸堆中红火蚁觅食对象的种类和碎片数随着时间呈现明显的变动,上半年的4、5月份和下半年9、10月份红火蚁的觅食到的对象多样性丰富,这两个阶段属于觅食活跃期.     

朱鹮冬季觅食地的选择

在无线电遥测的基础上 ,采用样方法对朱冬季觅食地进行了调查。朱冬季觅食地有冬水田、河流浅滩和水库 3种类型。成鸟与幼鸟的主要觅食地类型及分布有明显的差别 ,位于海拔 6 0 0～ 10 0 0m的低山区冬水田是朱成鸟冬季最重要的觅食地 ,幼鸟多在汉江流域的河流及浅滩中觅食。对冬水田的主要栖息地特征的方差分析和因子分析的结果表明 :影响朱冬季觅食地选择的主要因子为觅食地的海拔高度、开阔度、面积及人类活动的干扰程度等。冬水田的恢复及保护对朱的保护有着重要的意义     

黄河三角洲自然保护区鸻形目鸟类研究

通过对黄河三角洲自然保护区 (以下简称保护区 )内的形目鸟类 (以下称鹬类 )的种类组成、生态分布、受危原因等方面的系统研究 ,首次从量的角度证实了保护区在国际湿地保护上的重要地位 ,表明该地区是东北亚———澳洲鹬类迁徙路线中间地带的重要环节 ,证实有 17种鹬类超过 1%国际标准 ,发现小杓鹬(Numeniusborealis)、小青脚鹬 (Tringaguttifer)等鸟类集中栖息地。该地区生态环境优越 ,是鹬类理想的栖息地 ,但人类威胁有进一步加剧的可能。     

高原鼢鼠挖掘对植物生物量的效应及其反应格局

高原鼢鼠取食洞道处,在植物根系受损条件下,主要测定各类植物生物量变动的格局。原生植被样区,取食洞道回填土壤后,单子叶植物地上生物量显增加,双子叶植物地上生物量及地下总生物量显降低。植物地上总生物量与取食洞道的厚度密切相关。土厚厚度＜5cm的取食洞道,植物地上及地下生物量显下降,土层厚度＞10cm,植物地上及地下生物量无显变化。高原鼢鼠长期栖息植被退化的斑块地,在取食洞道区域,单子叶及双子叶植物地上生物量和地下总生物量均显降低。结果验证了本提出的地下啮齿动物对双子叶直根类植物的存活具有负效应,对单子叶须根类植物则产生正效应的假设。