遮光对臭牡丹生长和光合特性的影响

对全光照(遮光率0％,对照)以及遮光率25％ 、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹(Clerodendrum bungei Steud.)生长和光合特性的变化进行了研究.结果表明:随遮光率的提高臭牡丹枝长生长量和比叶面积逐渐增加、枝条直径生长量和比叶质量逐渐减小,叶面积呈波动变化,其中在遮光率25％条件下叶面积最小.在遮光条件下叶片以及栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度差异不显著,但均显著小于对照.在遮光条件下叶片叶绿素a和总叶绿素含量以及叶绿素a/b值总体上随遮光率提高逐渐增加且均高于对照,仅在遮光率25％条件下叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量低于对照.在遮光率25％和75％条件下叶片净光合速率(Pn)有明显“午休”现象,Pn日变化曲线近似于“双峰型”;而在对照和遮光率50％条件下Pn无“午休”现象,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”;4个处理组Pn峰值的大小以及峰值出现时间有差异.在上午9:00,在遮光率25％和50％条件下叶片气孔导度(Gs)略有降低,而在对照和遮光率75％条件下Gs明显升高;此后随时间的延长各处理的Gs总体上呈逐渐下降的趋势.各处理组叶片胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的日变化曲线基本一致,均呈早晚略高、中午略低的趋势,谷值均出现在13:00.在对照及遮光率25％和75％条件下,叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化曲线均呈“双峰型”;而在遮光率50％的条件下Tr呈逐渐降低的趋势,日变化曲线近似于“单峰型”.总体上看,4个处理组叶片的Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr日平均值均无显著差异;且在遮光率25％、50％和75％条件下臭牡丹叶片的Pn与Tr间有显著或极显著相关性.综合分析结果表明:臭牡丹是偏阴生植物,在栽培中适度遮光有利于臭牡丹的生长发育.     

温度对亚热带地区常见树种叶片甲烷排放的影响

以亚热带常见树种米槠、木荷、浙江桂、罗浮栲、杉木和柑橘为对象,利用控制试验研究了温度对树木叶片甲烷(CH4)排放的影响.结果表明:当温度在10℃时,供试的6种树木中,仅木荷、柑橘和罗浮栲的叶片排放CH4;温度高于20℃时,所有树木叶片均可排放CH4.温度高于30℃时,叶片排放CH4的平均排放速率(1.010ngCH4·g-1DM·h-1)是10～30℃时平均排放速率(0.255ngCH4·g-1DM·h-1)的3.96倍.增温对柑橘和杉木CH4排放速率的影响显著高于其他4种树木.培养时间对叶片排放CH4速率有显著影响,温度胁迫对树木排放CH4的影响受植物活性的控制.在低温或高温条件下,树木干叶均不能排放CH4.高温胁迫对树木叶片排放CH4有重要影响,全球变暖可能增加植物的CH4排放.     

关于用硫酸钡比浊法测定叶片中硫化物的探讨

采用硫酸钡比浊法法测定叶片中的硫化物。植物样品经强酸的消解和氧化产生硫酸根离子,加起浊剂(BaCl2)硫酸根与钡离子生成微细的硫酸钡胶体(BaSO4)微粒悬浮于溶液中,然后用分光光度计测定其浊度。该法是经典方法,简单实用。     

宁夏枸杞‘中科绿川1号’果实和叶片的主要成分分析

以国家林业局审定的宁夏枸杞新品种‘中科绿川1号’为实验材料,研究不同月份采集的枸杞叶片芦丁含量,以及果实总黄酮、总多糖、总类胡萝卜素、玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯的含量变化。结果显示,叶片芦丁含量在枸杞盛果期较低,抽条期较高;果实总黄酮、总类胡萝卜素、玉米黄素双棕榈酸酯的含量在头茬果中含量较高,盛果期果实含量较低;果实总多糖可能与果实量呈负相关;褐化果(俗称"油果")总黄酮含量与正常果差异不大,可用作提取枸杞黄酮类物质的原材料。研究结果可为枸杞果实分级、成分提取提供新思路。     

Effects of nitrogen addition on leaf traits of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain,Shanxi Province,China

Aims Our objectives were to explore the effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on leaf traits and ecological stoichiometry characteristics of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests.
Methods We conducted the experiment of nitrogen (N) addition from 2009 to 2013 in the natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi, China. The levels of N addition were 0 (control), 50 (low-N), 100 (medium-N) and 150 (high-N) kg·hm^-2·a^-1, respectively. Eleven common plant species in 12 20 m × 20 m plots were selected, including Pinus tabuliformis, Quercus mongolica, Acer ginnala, Corylus mandshurica, Cornus bretschneideri, Spiraea salicifolia, Lonicera maackii, Carex callitrichos, Diarrhena mandshurica, Anemone tomentosa, and Polygonatum odoratum. Nine leaf traits were measured, including leaf thickness (LT), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and other four.
Important findings We found that: 1) LT and SLA of Polygonatum odoratum significantly differed among four levels of N addition. Leaf area (LA) and LDMC of several species, such as Spiraea salicifolia, had significant difference among the N addition concentration. LNC of all species, chlorophyll content (CC) and LPC of most species increased significantly with the addition of N. Leaf N:P of 9 species varied significantly, and leaves with different types and ages showed different responses to N addition. 2) Leaf traits were significantly correlated with each other. For instance, SLA was significantly positively correlated with LNC and LPC. In contrast LT was negatively connected with LNC and LPC. In addition, the degree of correlation changed with the level of N addition. 3) The pattern of species distribution in leaf trait space was consistent with the prediction from the theory of Leaf Economic Spectrum (LES). N addition drove species moving along axis 1 in the trait space, and propelled them towards different directions along axis 2, which indicated that these species tended to take the “fast investment-return” strategy. These results suggested that with the change of environmental conditions, plants changed their survival strategy and adjusted resource allocation to maintain the stability of communities. This is the inherent characteristic of plants, thus the formation of LES did not depend on the environment change.     

Leaf decomposition and nutrient release of dominant species in the forest and lake in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve,China

AimsLitter decomposition is an important ecological process in nutrient cycling and productivity of ecosystems. Our objective is to quantify the differences of litter decomposition and nutrient release (N and P) under the forest and in an alpine lake among the dominant tree species in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.
Methods Fresh leaf litters of Abies ernestii, Pinus tabulaeformis, Betula albo-sinensis, and Salix cupularis were collected and placed in bags under the forest and in an alpine lake for a year.
Important findings The mass remaining ratio (MR) of the leaf litters was well predicted with Olson’s decay model (r > 0.93, p < 0.01). The time for 99% decomposition was the shortest for S. cupularis (6.80 a), followed by B. albo-sinensis (10.34 a), A. ernestii (18.88 a), and P. tabulaeformis (27.21 a). These values were 1.48-, 1.55-, 1.80-, and 1.65-folds of the corresponding values in the lake, respectively. Both MR and nitrogen remaining ratio (NR) had significantly negative correlations with the leaf initial N concentration, but significantly positive correlations with the initial C:N. The nutrient release was significantly different among the four species and between the two sites (i.e., forest and alpine lake). The N release of S. cupularis was consistent between forest and the lake (i.e. directly released in the beginning of decomposition), while other species had an obvious N enrichment process before it released. The release of P among was similar among the four species and between the two sites, with a release—enrichment—release pattern. Overall, the leaf litter decomposition appeared as an intricate process that was affected by the litter chemistry and and the environment. The fast litter decomposition in the lake may have a profound influence on the water quanlity in the Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve.     

淹水胁迫下江南牡丹生长及光合特性研究

以3年生江南牡丹品种‘凤丹白’为材料,利用盆栽淹水法,设置正常管理、轻度胁迫和重度胁迫3个水平,研究不同淹水胁迫水平对牡丹生长和光合特性的影响。结果表明：经过30 d胁迫后,正常管理、轻度胁迫和重度胁迫下的江南牡丹苗高生长量分别为3.6、1.1和0.73 cm,地径生长量分别为0.21、0.11和0.06 cm,植株总生物量增加量分别为7.0、3.0和2.75 g,淹水胁迫和正常生长差异显著,淹水胁迫严重影响了江南牡丹的生长。同时,在正常管理时,牡丹总叶绿素含量升高,而在淹水胁迫下呈下降趋势。淹水胁迫不同时间根系活力均呈下降趋势且随着胁迫程度的增加下降越大。正常管理下光合速率逐渐增加而胁迫条件下光合速率逐渐降低。同时胁迫条件下,牡丹蒸腾速率、气孔导度均明显下降;轻度淹水胁迫下胞间CO2浓度先升高后降低;而重度胁迫下胞间CO2浓度呈现逐渐升高的变化趋势。淹水胁迫对牡丹根系活力、茎段生长和叶片光合特性影响较大。该研究结果为江南牡丹耐涝胁迫机理研究奠定了理论基础。     

油茶叶片营养元素、叶脉密度及生理指标随树龄变化规律及其与产量的相关性

该研究关注了不同树龄油茶叶片的营养元素含量、叶脉密度及生理指标,旨在了解它们随树龄的变化规律及其对产量的影响。结果表明：(1)不同树龄间金属或稀土元素含量差异显著;大部分元素随树龄的增加表现为先增后减的变化趋势,但不同元素达到最大含量的树龄不尽相同;(2)叶脉呈网络状分布,根据叶脉直径大小分为粗、中、细三个等级;粗、中叶脉密度随树龄的变化不明显,细叶脉密度随树龄呈先增后减变化趋势。(3)叶绿素、MDA、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量以及POD活性等生理指标均随树龄的变化,表现出各自变化规律。(4)叶绿素含量、POD活性、稀土元素总量以及细叶脉密度与产量表现出明显正相关关系(P<0.05, P<0.01)。该研究结果丰富了油茶的基础资料,可为油茶的栽培与管理提供些许参考,并提示人们可以利用叶片的部分营养、生理、结构指标来跟踪监测植株状态和预测产量。     

杜仲叶片不同发育时期数字基因表达谱分析

为在转录水平解析杜仲叶片发育过程中的基因表达模式,该研究通过数字基因表达谱技术对‘华仲6号’杜仲叶片从展叶(4月)到落叶(10月)不同发育时期的基因表达水平进行比较分析,共获得差异基因3 002个,其中1 764个表达量上调,1 238个下调,这些差异表达基因主要行使催化、氧化还原等功能,参与代谢过程和生物过程等;进一步Pathway富集分析发现,苯丙素类生物合成途径相关基因被富集,其中调控绿原酸合成的6个基因差异表达显著;对这些基因表达模式进行分析显示,4月中旬和9月中旬基因的表达量较高,暗示这两个时期对于绿原酸的合成具有重要作用。荧光定量RT-PCR检测6个绿原酸合成相关基因和12个随机选择的差异表达基因,验证结果显示表达谱测序结果可靠。该研究结果为揭示杜仲叶片在不同发育时期的分子调控机制奠定了基础,并为深入解析杜仲绿原酸合成机理,进而通过分子育种手段提高杜仲绿原酸含量提供新的路径。     

5个不同产地藿香叶片解剖结构与光合特性比较研究

以5个不同产地的藿香为研究对象,通过比较叶片解剖结构、光合特性,为藿香在引进地的栽培技术制定提供理论依据。结果显示:(1)不同产地藿香叶片栅栏组织均由1列长柱形细胞构成,其叶片海绵组织细胞在4~6层之间,并在叶片下表皮有较多的气孔和非腺毛,叶片气孔多为卵圆形;其中,成都藿香气孔密度、直径最大,非腺毛长度最长,且叶绿素含量明显高于其它产地。(2)不同产地藿香的光饱和点(LSP)和光补偿点(LCP)分别在688.67~1 244.56和19.42~73.62μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)之间,表观量子效率(AQY)则为商丘藿香最高。(3)5个产地的藿香光合日变化曲线均呈双峰型,两个净光合速率(Pn)峰值点均出现在10:00和16:00左右,14:00左右均出现光合午休现象,且均由气孔限制因素导致。研究表明,各产地间藿香叶片解剖结构存在明显差异,并在部分产地中,藿香叶片形态结构与光响应特性存在一定的相关性;成都藿香表现出较强的光环境适应性和光合能力,可作为当地引种优先考虑对象。