中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

血清白蛋白在多聚阳离子－壳聚糖共混材料表面的构象变化及其与细胞生长的关系

用L-多聚赖氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺及L-多聚鸟氨酸三种多聚阳离子对壳聚糖进行共混修饰,制备了三种共混材料.在这些材料表面吸附了血清白蛋白,并利用圆二色(CD)光谱研究了白蛋白吸附到材料表面后的构象变化.结果显示,与天然状态相比,白蛋白吸附到共混材料表面后,其α-螺旋、β-折叠及无规则卷曲的含量均发生了明显改变.通过研究MC3T3-E1细胞在这些材料表面的生长情况,发现细胞的增殖与血清白蛋白的构象变化有一定关系,在吸附的白蛋白构象与天然构象最接近的共混材料表面,MC3T3-E1细胞增殖水平最高.     

人参EST资源的SSR信息分析

从7055条人参EST序列中搜索出791个SSR,其出现频率为11．21％,平均长度为21．37bp,平均分布频率为1／5．7kb。二核苷酸重复是主要的重复类型,占全部EST-SSR的56．89％,其次是三核苷酸重复的占全部SSR的21．11％。AT、GAA是二核苷酸和三核苷酸中出现次数最多的重复基元类型,分别占28．89％和10．18％。     

桑天牛长尾啮小蜂的寄主搜索行为

桑天牛长尾啮小蜂(Aprostocetus.fkutai Miwa etSonan)对桑枝条的气味反应敏感,受桑天牛危害的桑枝条比未受害的桑枝条对长尾啮小蜂有更强烈的引诱作用;刻槽的形状对长尾啮小蜂对寄主卵的搜索行为也有一定的引诱作用,而卵对长尾啮小蜂的引诱作用不明显.     

人工神经原网络处理PCR数据在细菌鉴定中的应用

目的16SrRNA和16S-23SrRNA间区片段是常用细菌分类鉴定靶点,本研究探讨人工神经原网络（ANN）对上述位点PCR扩增产物数据分析在细菌快速鉴定方面的价值。方法2对15SrRNA基因荧光引物和1对16S-23SrRNA区间基因引物用于扩增血液标本中分离出的317株细菌。相关毛细管电泳（CE）限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）和单链构象多态性（SSCP）数据进行人工神经原网络分析。结果16S-23SrRNA基因的RFLP数据对未知菌鉴定的准确率高于16SrRNA基因的SSCP数据,分别为98．0％和79．6％。结论实验证明了人工神经原网络作为一种模式识别方法对于简化细菌鉴定十分有价值。     

XeCl（308nm）准分子紫外激光对生物大分子酵母甘露聚糖分子结构的辐照效应

激光在农业和医疗等方面已有广泛应用,并且取得增产和一定疗效,但也有费介现象(暂称后继效应或潜在效应).激光辐照生物体虽然是局部的有限时间,但对由多种生物大分子组成的牛物体的影响可能是综合的.为了探索激光生物学效应的分子机理,以便进一步认识和掌握激光的生物学效应,对激光直接辐照有生物活性的生物大分子一酵母甘露聚糖产生的效应进行电镜扫描观察和紫外及红外光谱法分析研究.实验结果表明:308 nm 激光(单脉冲25 mJ,33.3 ml-34.4 ml,脉冲频率2次/s)无论是固定辐照时间(45 s)变化样晶所置距离,或反之固定样品所置距离(290 mm)改变辐照时广开J为15 s、30 s、45 s或60 s,都能引起受照样品的结构(构象)变化,特别足糖分子结构中富含的-OH、-CH-OH、-C-O-c-、-N-C=0、-C=0等结构部件处的IR谱线对激光能最变化影响敏感.它们既是糖分子内或分子间形成氧键和糖苷键的结构基础部件,又是甘露聚糖(Man-nan)糖基化其他生物大分子进而影响它们在生物信息流中作用的重要结构部件.结果显示糖在激光牛物效应中起了不可忽视的作用,这为综合探索激光生物效应分子机理和糖在生物信息传递中的作用提供了重要线索,为选择甘露聚糖作为生物导弹载体提供了参考依据.     

26S rDNA单链构象多态性分析在临床酵母菌菌种鉴定中的应用

摘要： 【目的】探讨酵母菌临床分离株26S rDNA D1/D2区序列种内相似性和种间差异性的快速检测方法,为临床酵母菌菌种鉴定方法的改进奠定基础。调查北京地区临床酵母菌的种群多样性,为国内酵母菌感染的流行病学研究提供新的基础数据。【方法】用5种常见临床酵母菌种的模式和权威菌株作为标准参考菌株,从北京四家综合性医院收集临床酵母菌260余株,PCR扩增其26S rDNA D1/D2区,对扩增产物进行单链构象多态性（Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism,SSCP）分析和序列测定分析。【结果】常见病原酵母菌26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱具有明显的种间差异性和种内相似性,可以通过该方法对菌株进行初步的菌种鉴定。D1/D2-SSCP和序列分析相结合,对260余株临床酵母菌进行了菌种鉴定,共鉴定有10个属20个种,优势属为念珠菌属(Candida),优势种及其所占比例分别是：C. albicans (57.7%), C. parapsilosis (10.0%), C. tropicalis (9.2%), C. glabrata (6.7%)和C. krusei (5.8%),并发现过去从未或很少报道致病的酵母菌种,愈来愈多地出现在临床分离菌株中。【结论】 26S rDNA D1/D2区的SSCP图谱分析为临床酵母菌株的快速鉴定提供了新的方法;北京地区酵母菌临床分离株呈种群多样性分布,C. albicans虽然仍占优势,但其它念珠菌种的比例已达42%。     

整合素亲和力调控的机制

整合素是一类重要的细胞表面粘附分子,是由α和β两个亚基组成的异源二聚体跨膜蛋白。整合素作为细胞内外的桥梁,一方面负责介导细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质以及细胞与病原体的相互作用,另一方面可以双向传递跨膜信号,对于免疫反应、免疫细胞的组织定位、凝血、组织愈伤、癌细胞转移以及组织和器官的发育等都至关重要。整合素与配体的结合及其相关的信号转导是受到精确调控的,这个过程伴随着整合素的一系列构象变化。整合素的另外一个特性是其与配体的结合受到二价金属阳离子的调控。本文重点介绍了整合素功能与构象的关系以及金属离子调控整合素功能的分子机制。     

4C-克隆筛选过程中的质量控制

环形染色体构象俘获(Circular chromosome conformation capture,4C)是一种高通量研究细胞染色体相互作用、空间构象的技术。文章通过模拟的4C样品,优化反向PCR条件,建立了高效、特异的扩增方法,对4C克隆筛选等后续步骤进行严格的质量控制并对该方法的可行性进行了实例验证。该4C-克隆筛选方法作为4C方法的质量控制标准,具有重要的指导和监测作用。