Niches of plant populations in mangrove reserve of Qi’ao Island, Pearl River Estuary

Thirty-two 10 × 10 m² quadrats were set up in four mangrove communities for the study of the niches of nine plants with horizontal and vertical resource sequences in Dawei Bay, Qi’ao Island, Zhuhai City. Generally, species diversities of natural mangroves were higher than those of plantations. The diversities decreased along sequence of substrate layer, shrub layer and tree layer in natural mangroves; and were highest on the shrub layer in plantations. At the horizontal resource sequence, the niche breadth varied 0.132–0.896 (B_(sw)) and 0.120–0.693 (B_(L)). The niche breadth of Acanthus ilicifolius and Aegiceras corniculatum were the highest and that of Spartina alterniflora was the lowest. At the vertical resource sequence, the niche breadth varied 0–0.400 (B_(sw)) and 0.333–0.747 (B_(L)). All the niche breadth values were the lowest except those of A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum. The niche similarity of the populations varied 0–0.746 and 0–1.000 at the horizontal and vertical resource sequences, respectively. A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum had niche overlap with all plants at the horizontal resource sequence, while the introduced Sonneratia caseolaris and Sonneratiaapetala had no such overlapping between six and five plants in the community, respectively. At the vertical resource sequence, A. ilicifolius and A. corniculatum had niche overlapping with all the populations. The more niche overlapping existed among the other populations. The results indicated that, currently, the mangrove plantation in Qi’ao Island had a simplex structure and composition of species. The status of plant populations’ niche was determined by the species selected and structure of afforestation. It is suggested to create forest gaps artificially and introduce Kandelia obovata saplings to reverse its current status of lower niche breadth, facilitate natural regeneration and spreading of A. corniculatum and A. ilicifolius, and accelerate the restoration process of natural mangrove. Simultaneously, the species matching and planting methods of mix stands should be emphasized in the future.     

欧美杨108号转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白嵌合基因的研究

以欧美杨108号为外植体材料,利用农杆菌介导法成功地将抗虫基因（蜘蛛杀虫肽+Bt毒蛋白的嵌合基因）导入受体中。通过PCR检测,凝胶电泳结果显示8个卡那霉素抗性芽中,6个存在目的基因;经PCR-Southern印迹杂交检测,阳性率为50%,进一步表明目的基因成功整合到欧美杨108号基因组内。     

优质荔枝新品种‘草莓荔’开花与落果特性观察

从植株群体和单穗调查分析‘草莓荔’雌雄花开花特性,结果表明,‘草莓荔’雌雄花交替开放的顺序主要是雌→雄,即前期开雌花,后期开雄花;但也有少量交替开放顺序是雄→雌→雄,即先开雄花,中期开雌花后再开雄花。植株群体的花期和雌雄花开放相遇时间比单穗长,更有利于传粉受精。落果从花后15d开始出现,并在花后18～25d出现第一次落果高峰,落果最多,开花后51～58d为第二次落果高峰。     

‘挽春’(Paeonia rockii‘Wan Chun’)——中国西北紫斑牡丹品种群中的一个优良品种

紫斑牡丹品种群是中国的主要牡丹品种群之一。文中描述了一个优良紫斑牡丹品种‘挽春’(Paeonia rockii‘Wan Chun’)的特征、习性和表现,该品种在紫斑牡丹品种群中具有代表性。紫斑牡丹品种可用于园艺观赏、经济林营造、荒山绿化以及荒漠治理。根据多年的调查和相关文献,按照紫斑牡丹品种的生长适应程度和引种栽培难易程度,将中国有可能引种栽植紫斑牡丹品种的地区划分为4类。介绍了各类地区在引种栽培方面需要注意的关键技术措施,分析了紫斑牡丹品种向全国各地推广过程中存在的问题,并提出了建议。     

沙地杨树人工林生理生态特性

自然条件下(5~10月份),利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统对北京大兴地区集约栽培欧美107杨(Populus×euramericanacv.“74/76”)生理生态特性进行研究,探讨叶片在水分胁迫状态下光合作用、呼吸作用和蒸腾作用动态规律,并揭示其主要影响机理。实验结果表明叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化均为单峰曲线,且Pn日平均值从春季到秋季呈下降趋势。从整个生长季来看,光合有效辐射PAR(r=0·815)和气孔导度Gs(r=0·805)与Pn的相关性显著,通过每月相关性分析,5、8月份影响Pn的主导因子为PAR和Gs,6、7月份影响Pn的主导因子为Gs,9、10月份影响Pn的主要因素为PAR。根据Fsrquhar和Sharkey提出的气孔限制和非气孔限制判断方法对Pn日变化进行分析,5月份8:00Pn达到峰值后由于气孔导度降低引起Pn下降,16:00以后由于非气孔因素PAR的降低,使得Pn继续降低;6、7月份8:00以后Pn降低限制因素同5月份一样由气孔导度降低引起,但是14:00左右,由于植物体内水分严重亏缺,叶片气孔不能正常开启使得叶片Pn、R和Tr均不能正常进行,8~10月份Pn降低主要受PAR限制。叶片呼吸速率(R)的主要影响因子为温度,且R的日变化和季节变化与大气温度(Ta)变化趋势基本一致,一天中清晨、傍晚Ta和R均为低点,14:00左右Ta和R都达到最大值,同样在季节变化中R和Ta在6、7月份最高,10月份最低。蒸腾速率(Tr)日变化全为单峰曲线,其最大值出现在12:00~14:00左右,Tr变化与许多环境因子和生理因子都具有密切的相关性,就整个生长季来说,PAR是其最主要的影响因子,然而叶片气孔限制值(LS)、Gs、叶片大气水汽压差(VpdL)、Ta等生理生态因素在不同月份分别起着极其重要的作用。     

5＇-核苷酸的合成方法比较

5’-核苷酸在农业、食品和医药行业有着广泛的用途。比较了目前5’-核苷酸的工业和实验室合成方法,包括化学合成法,微生物发酵法,酶解法和酶催化法。     

‘四季花’龙眼叶片和芽体碳水化合物含量变化与花芽分化相关性研究

为探讨‘四季花’龙眼芽体和叶片中碳水化合物含量变化与花芽分化的相关性,以5～6年生植株的秋梢为材料,结合花芽形态分化进程的显微观察,计算各时期花芽分化率,测定相应进程内叶片和芽体的可溶性总糖、蔗糖、果糖、还原糖和淀粉含量,统计叶片和芽体碳水化合物含量变化与花芽分化率的相关性。结果表明:秋梢花芽分化过程中,花芽分化率在花序主轴分化期达到最高;叶片和芽体在各分化时期的碳水化合物含量呈现显著性差异(P≤0.05);叶片淀粉含量变化呈显著的降低趋势,而芽体淀粉含量则呈反向趋势,反映出花芽分化期叶片与芽体碳水化合物的源库关系;与叶片相比,芽体中可溶性总糖、还原糖和蔗糖含量变化与花芽分化的相关度更高,所以测定芽体中某些碳水化合物含量即能反映出花芽分化的真实状况。     

准噶尔无叶豆5个自然居群ISSR遗传变异的空间自相关分析

采用空间自相关分析方法对准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum)5个居群遗传变异的空间结构进行了研究。根据8对ISSR引物扩增的多态性位点,选择了基因频率在30–70%的ISSR位点,运用GenAlEx6和SAAP4.3软件以及地理距离间隔方法分别计算了5个居群的空间自相关系数。结果表明:准噶尔无叶豆居群具有明显的空间遗传结构,绝大多数ISSR位点变异呈非随机分布。位于沙漠腹地的B、D居群和位于沙漠东缘的F居群的遗传变异呈现渐变模式,分别在7m,7m及9m范围内个体呈现显著正相关,推测与克隆繁殖占绝对优势、有性更新罕见发生有关,而克隆大小的差别则主要由微生境差异所引起。位于沙漠北缘的G居群的遗传变异呈现双向渐变模式,在3m内个体呈现显著正相关,这与该居群实生幼苗增补密切相关,但花粉和种子的有限散布所导致的距离隔离对该居群空间遗传结构产生了重要影响。而沙漠腹地的A居群呈现衰退模式,是因为小居群增加了近交的几率,并引起了遗传漂变。     

Characterization of Nocardia plasmid pXT107

Nocardia,Rhodococcus and Streptomyces,all members of the actinomycetes family,areGram-positive eubacteria with high G C content and able to form mycelium.We report here a newlyidentified plasmid pXT107 of Nocardia sp.107,one of the smallest circular plasmids found in Nocardia.The complete nucleotide sequence of pXT107 consisted of 4335 bp with 65% G C content,and encodedone replication extragenic palindromic (Rep) and six hypothetical proteins.The Rep,double-strand originand single-strand origin of pXT 107 resembled those of typical rolling-circle-replication plasmids,such aspNI100 of Nocardia,pRE8424 of Rhodococcus and pIJ101 of Streptomyces.The Escherichia coli-Nocardiashuttle plasmid pHAQ22,containing the rep gene of pXT107,is able to propagate in Nocardia but not inStreptomyces.     

大花萱草新品种''''奶油卷''''的组织培养和生产应用

1植物名称大花萱草新品种'奶油卷'(Hemerocallis middendorfii Trautv.et Mey.cv.Bettywods)。2材料类别花托、花茎和花瓣3培养条件愈伤组织、