非编码DNA序列的功能及其鉴定

非编码DNA序列是指基因组中不编码蛋白质的DNA序列。这些序列可以结合调节因子、转录为功能性RNA、单独或协同地调节生理活动和病理过程。文章围绕基因表达调控作用, 总结了近几年非编码DNA序列的研究成果, 对其结构、功能和可能的作用机制进行了初步阐述, 介绍了目前鉴定非编码DNA序列中功能元件的计算方法和实验技术, 并对非编码DNA未来的研究进行了展望。     

基于IPA分析自噬对大鼠肝再生中树突状细胞的调节作用

为探讨自噬对大鼠肝再生中树突状细胞(Dendritic cells, DCs)的调节作用,文章通过Percoll 密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠分选分离大鼠DCs,Rat Genome 230 2.0芯片检测大鼠肝再生中自噬相关基因表达变化,利用IPA等软件分析自噬在DCs中的生理活动。结果表明,LC3、BECN1、ATG7和SQSTM1等关键基因在部分肝切除后不同恢复时间段有明显表达变化;芯片中对应的自噬相关基因为593个,其中210个基因发生了有意义的变化。比较分析自噬生理活动情况,发现自噬在再生早期和晚期阶段增强,增殖期减弱。与自噬相关的生理活动主要有RNA表达、RNA转录细胞分化和增殖,其中涉及的信号通路主要有PPARα/RXRα激活、急性期反应、TREM1 信号通路、IL-6 信号通路、IL-8 信号通路和IL-1 信号通路等,它们在肝再生阶段发生了不同程度的上调或下调。Cluster 分析还发现,P53和AMPK信号参与调控DCs的自噬活动,在肝再生早期主要是AMPK信号,在肝再生末期P53和AMPK信号共同参与自噬的调节。以上研究结果说明DCs自噬可能在肝再生早期激活细胞免疫反应和后期清除DCs等方面发挥着重要作用。     

自噬在肝再生中的作用

自噬是存在于真核细胞内的一种溶酶体依赖性的降解途径,在肝脏生理和病理过程中发挥着重要作用。肝脏具有强大的再生能力,在受到急、慢性损伤时,残肝细胞将会被激活进入细胞周期进行细胞增殖,以补偿丢失的肝组织和恢复肝功能。文章阐述了各种类型损伤之后的肝再生与自噬的关系。在物理性、酒精、食源性等因素引起的肝损伤中,肝脏通过启动自噬来促进肝再生;在化学性损伤的肝再生模型中,自噬在其中的作用仍然有争议;在病毒感染之后的肝再生中,一些嗜肝病毒（如丙肝病毒和乙肝病毒等）反而利用自噬来促进病毒颗粒复制,抑制肝再生。对自噬和肝再生机制的研究,将有助于进一步阐明再生过程,为治疗肝脏疾病提供新方法。     

北京4种典型风景游憩林对林内PM2.5的调控作用

为研究风景游憩林中PM_2.5浓度的变化规律及其对气象因子的响应,并分析不同林分对PM_2.5浓度的调控作用,在2013年夏、秋、冬季于北京市奥林匹克森林公园内对北京4种典型结构风景游憩林（华山松-银杏混交林、毛白杨-白蜡混交林、毛白杨纯林、多树种复层混交林）中的PM_2.5浓度及相关气象因子进行实时测定（共28个观测日）.结果表明： 在不同空气污染级别下林分内PM_2.5浓度的日变化无统一规律,但在同一污染级别下4种林分的PM_2.5浓度日变化规律基本一致.当风力为0~2级时,在各污染级别下4片林分内PM_2.5浓度的日均值\[观测时段内（9: 00—15: 00）PM_2.5浓度平均值\]无显著差异.林内PM_2.5浓度与空气相对湿度呈显著正相关（P<0.01）,与气温呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与风速不相关.相对于林分外空地,林分内PM_2.5浓度变化比例在-21.4%～33.2%,其与空气相对湿度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与风速和气温不相关.林分对PM_2.5浓度的调控作用包含增加和降低两种效应,本研究中,这种调控作用发生转变的空气相对湿度临界值为67%.     

An improved synthetic approach to 7-[3-amino-4-O-(α-l-mycarosyl)-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]daunorubicinone and its interaction with human serum albumin

An improved synthetic approach to 7-[3-amino-4-O-(α-l-mycarosyl)-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]daunorubicinone (α1) with high stereoselectivity and good yield was developed. The feature of its binding to human serum albumin (HSA) was also investigated under simulative physiological conditions via fluorescence and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. The results revealed that α1 caused the fluorescence quenching of HSA by the formation of α1–HSA complexes. Hydrophobic interactions played a major role in stabilizing the complex, which was in good agreement with the results of the molecular modeling study. In addition, the effect of common ions on the binding constants of α1–HSA complexes at room temperature was also discussed. All the experimental results and theoretical data indicated that α1 bound to HSA and was effectively transported and eliminated in the body. Such findings may provide useful guidelines for further drug design.     

An improved synthetic approach to 7-[3-amino-4-O-(α-l-mycarosyl)-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]daunorubicinone and its interaction with human serum albumin

An improved synthetic approach to 7-[3-amino-4-O-(α-l-mycarosyl)-2,3,6-trideoxy-α-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl]daunorubicinone (α1) with high stereoselectivity and good yield was developed. The feature of its binding to human serum albumin (HSA) was also investigated under simulative physiological conditions via fluorescence and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods. The results revealed that α1 caused the fluorescence quenching of HSA by the formation of α1-HSA complexes. Hydrophobic interactions played a major role in stabilizing the complex, which was in good agreement with the results of the molecular modeling study. In addition, the effect of common ions on the binding constants of α1-HSA complexes at room temperature was also discussed. All the experimental results and theoretical data indicated that α1 bound to HSA and was effectively transported and eliminated in the body. Such findings may provide useful guidelines for further drug design.     

The effect of carbon source succession on laccase activity in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and a yeast

In the present paper, the mechanism of overproduction of laccase by microbe interaction was investigated in the co-culture process of Ganoderma lucidum and Candida sp. HSD07A. The results show that nitrogen source, sulfur source, hydrolytic enzymes and inducers do not have the significant influence on laccase activity, and glucose deprivation in the medium is also not the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase although it can improve laccase activity at a certain extent. Furthermore, glucose deprivation is made by strain HSD07A, and NMR and GC data reveal that the yeast can convert glucose into glycerol and ethanol. G. lucidum cannot assimilate ethanol; however, glycerol is an efficient carbon source for G. lucidum. In the co-culture process, the appearance of the second carbon source, glycerol produced by the yeast, is the crucial reason why G. lucidum overproduces laccase because glycerol can make G. lucidum cells secrete more laccase by prolonging the secretion time under the condition of glucose deprivation. Thus, it is the carbon source succession in the co-culture process that leads to the overproduction of G. lucidum laccase.     

新基因BM390716、BI274487和AA963863与大鼠再生肝8种细胞的细胞外基质代谢

为了解新基因BM390716、BI274487、AA963863在细胞外基质代谢中的作用及其与大鼠肝再生的相关性,文章用Percoll密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠分选分离大鼠再生肝的8种细胞,用Rat Genome 230 2.0芯片检测它们的基因表达变化,用Microsoft Excel、BLAST等软件分析基因的共表达关系、序列同源性及参与的代谢活动。结果表明,BM390716与pparα同源和共表达,BI274487与timp2同源和共表达,AA963863与csgalnact1同源和共表达。根据上述基因的同源性和共表达推测,新基因BM390716、BI274487和AA963863参与大鼠再生肝8种细胞的细胞外基质代谢。     

湖北省两栖类一新纪录——大绿臭蛙

2009年8～9月及2010年7月,在湖北省宜昌市高家堰镇采集两栖类标本,其中,部分臭蛙标本被鉴定为大绿臭蛙(Odorrana graminea),属湖北省新纪录。要确定中国大绿臭蛙各居群的关系、澄清其分类问题,有必要进行适度的资源考察和深入的系统地理学研究。     

日本三角涡虫热休克蛋白70(DjHSP70)C-端多肽表达及其抗血清制备

首先运用在线生物学软件对日本三角涡虫(Degusia japonica)热休克蛋白70(DjHSP70)氨基酸序列进行亲水区分析,发现该蛋白C-端含有较多亲水性氨基酸,然后以该段多肽序列为基础构建原核表达载体.采用PCR方法扩增450 bp cDNA片段,编码DjHSP70 C-端150个氨基酸多肽.将双酶切的cDNA...