猪屎豆胶和田菁胶的氮乙基化改性

经对不同科属的九十余种含胶植物进行筛选,找出了絮凝效果较好的猪屎豆胶和田菁胶。经氨乙基化改性后,有效地提高了它们的性能,改性后的产物,可提高对矿泥的絮凝沉降速度。猪屎豆(Crotalaria macronata Desv.)     

损伤神经自发放电节律变化中的混沌与降发现象

秋阐明损伤神经自发放电的动力学机制，长时间顺序记录大鼠损伤坐骨神经单纤维自发放电的动作电位间期序列（ＩＳＩ）。在损伤位点应用钾通道阻断剂ＴＥＡ，发现了周期一与周期二之间存在混沌的节律形式，并初步探讨了在这种情况下进入混沌的道路。应用分叉图、回归映象、功率谱等非线性动力学方法分析和对比了实验与数学模型中的非线性现象，使实验结果的可靠性得到了进一步的证明。     

β受体阻断药——心得安的药代动力学

β受体阻断药包括一系列化合物,但目前应用最广、具有代表性的药物为心得安(pro-pranolol)。为了提高临床疗效、减少毒性副作用,有必要了解其药代动力学的规律及临床药理。一、药物血浆浓度药物的作用和受     

环氧树脂固定化的Bacillus sp.DL-2胞外蛋白酶在拆分(±)-乙酸苏合香酯中的应用

环氧基是一个非常活跃的基团,它能与酶、蛋白质和核酸等生物分子发生反应形成共价键,有利于生物分子的固定化。经共价结合法固定化的酶其稳定性及重复使用性可得到显著提高。用环氧树脂ES-103B为载体采用共价结合法对海洋细菌Bacillus sp. DL-2的胞外蛋白酶进行固定化,经过单因素实验优化条件得出最优固定化条件为:p H 8. 0的胞外蛋白酶溶液,25 g/L的ES-103B,45℃下反应8h。采用此最优条件下的固定化酶拆分(±)-乙酸苏合香酯制备出了e. e. p=97. 5%的(R)-1-苯乙醇(产率为45. 0%)和e. e. s=99. 2%的(S)-乙酸苏合香酯(产率为83. 9%)。该固定化酶拆分(±)-乙酸苏合香酯在重复使用8次后制备出的(R)-1-苯乙醇的e. e. p仍大于90%,且固定化胞外蛋白酶在4℃下具有较好的储存稳定性。     

恶性疟原虫抗原表位的亚单位疫苗与DNA疫苗的联合免疫

构建了含有恶性疟原虫抗原基因 ( AWTE)的真核表达质粒 p CMV- AWTE,以及能在大肠杆菌中得到分泌性表达的原核表达质粒 p MC0 5 ,表达的蛋白 AWTE保持了疟原虫抗原的抗原性。将 p CMV- AWTE以及 AWTE两者混合各 1 0μg鼻腔免疫小鼠 ,一次后诱导机体产生了较高水平的体液免疫及细胞免疫     

“绿色革命”新进展:赤霉素与氮营养双重调控的表观修饰助力水稻高产高效育种

以半矮秆育种为代表的“绿色革命”极大地提高了作物产量,但也带来氮营养利用效率降低的严重问题。“绿色革命”主要基于调控赤霉素的代谢和信号转导而实现。前期的研究发现,赤霉素信号转导关键因子DELLA蛋白通过调控GRF4而负调控氮素的吸收利用,为半矮秆品系氮利用效率低的问题提供了解决方案。最近的一项研究进一步揭示了GA信号途径与氮响应交叉互作的新机制。该研究发现水稻(Oryza sativa)NGR5是氮素调控分蘖数目的一个关键基因,其表达受氮诱导。通过招募PRC2,NGR5对D14和OsSPL14等分蘖抑制基因所在位点进行H3K27me3甲基化修饰,从而抑制其表达。而在半矮秆背景下超表达NGR5可以提高低氮水平下的水稻产量。NGR5同时也被发现为赤霉素受体GID1的一个新靶标,受到其负调控。该研究发现了调控赤霉素信号通路的新机制,并对高产高效的新一代“绿色革命”育种实践具有重要启示。     

纤维素生物转化过程工程的研究

虽有上百年的研究历史，但至今木质纤维素原料的低成本、大规模生物转化仍没有实现。导致这一问题的主要原因在于：纤维素生物转化涉及多个学科，是一个系统工程，目前往往从单一学科或单一技术的角度来研究，缺乏与原料相适应的集成工程技术。     

Effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate steppe of Nei Mongol,China

Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R² = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R² = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R² = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R² = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R² = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.     

安捷伦和Caliper联手推出DNA1000芯片实验室(LabChip)试剂盒快速准确地测定DNA片段的大小和含量

安捷伦科技和Ｃａｌｉｐｅｒ公司日前宣布 ,推出ＤＮＡ 10 0 0芯片实验室 (ＬａｂＣｈｉｐ)试剂盒 ,用于ＤＮＡ片段的自动分析 ,测定片段大小及浓度。作为芯片实验室 (ＬａｂＣｈｉｐ)系列试剂盒中的新成员 ,可以让分子生物学研究人员使用Ｃａｌｉｐｅｒ科技公司开发的独特的芯片实验室技术 ,快速精确地分析ＰＣＲ产物和小片段限制性酶解产物。快速、简便、洁净ＤＮＡ 10 0 0芯片实验室 (ＬａｂＣｈｉｐ)试剂盒不仅是有ＤＮＡ 5 0 0芯片实验室 (ＬａｂＣｈｉｐ)试剂盒的分辨率 ,而且片段大小范围也适合于大多数ＰＣＲ片段 ( 2 5到 10 0 0个…