黄芪苷Ⅳ对微囊泡损伤的大鼠胸主动脉环舒张功能的保护作用

目的：以缺氧/复氧诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）释放的微囊泡（H/R-EMVs）处理大鼠胸主动脉环,造成其舒张功能损伤,探究黄芪苷Ⅳ（AST）对大鼠胸主动脉环舒张功能的影响及相关机制。方法：采用缺氧12 h/复氧4 h的方法诱导体外培养的HUVECs产生MVs,H/R-EMVs保存于D-Hank's液中备用。雄性Wistar大鼠开胸取出胸主动脉,制备3~4 mm宽、内皮完整的胸主动脉环。实验分为6组：H/R-EMVs组,在孵育胸主动脉环的培养基中加入H/R-EMVs,使其终浓度为10μg/ml;不同剂量AST组分别采用10、20、40、60 mg/L AST与10μg/ml H/R-EMVs共同孵育胸主动脉环;对照组给予等体积的D-Hank's溶液。孵育时间为4 h,每组各测定5个血管环。观察AST对舒张功能的影响,检测一氧化氮（NO）含量及t-eNOS、p-eNOS、t-Akt、p-Akt、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白质水平。结果：H/R-EMVs对大鼠胸主动脉环舒张功能有明显的抑制作用（P<0.01）。与H/R-EMVs组相比,AST 20、40和60 mg/L组剂量依赖性地提高大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张率（P<0.01）,使NO含量增加（P<0.05,P<0.01）;t-eNOS、t-Akt和ERK1/2蛋白质水平不变,p-eNOS、p-Akt和p-ERK1/2蛋白质水平增高（P<0.01）。结论：AST可显著改善H/REMVs损伤的大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张功能,其机制与提高NO含量及增加p-eNOS、p-Akt和p-ERK1/2蛋白质水平有关。     

类金刚石薄膜的制备及其血液相容性的初步研究

本文以单晶硅为基体,Ar等离子体对基体进行清洗,用法制备类金刚石(DLC)膜和掺氮的DLC膜。沉积DLC膜所用的气体是乙炔和氩气,沉积掺氮的DLC膜用乙炔和氮气。利用衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)和扫描电子显徽镜(SEM)对沉积的DLC膜和掺氮的DLC膜进行结构分析和观察表面形貌。考察了乙炔比例、放电功率等沉积参数对DLC膜的影响。通过接触角和血小板黏附实验,进行了DLC膜的抗凝血性能分析,效果较好。     

重组人ω-干扰素在金黄地鼠和Wistar大鼠体内的组织分布和排泄

目的:为进一步的临床试验提供重组人ω-干扰素(rhIFN-ω)的分布和排泄试验数据。方法:用125I同位素示踪法结合三氯醋酸(TCA)沉淀法测定各主要器官组织的总放射性浓度和酸沉淀部分放射性浓度,获得rhIFN-ω的尿粪排泄和胆汁排泄数据。结果:各主要器官组织的总放射性浓度AUC0-4h排序由大到小依次为:尿、胸腺、胆囊、膀胱、肾、肾上腺、肠内容物、肠淋巴结、空肠、肺脏、血清、卵巢、脾、肝、肌肉、心脏、骨髓/股骨、睾丸、脂肪、脑。皮下注射125I-rhIFN-ω后48h尿和粪的累计排出量分别达到注入放射量的87.9%±2.8%和4.0%±1.6%,尿粪合计排出量占注入放射性量的91.9%±2.1%,而皮下注射125I-rhIFN-ω后20h内胆汁排泄放射性量占注入放射性量的3.34%。结论:rhIFN-ω在泌尿系统分布比较高,与血清蛋白结合比较少,在脑、脂肪和肌肉等组织的药物浓度最低。rhIFN-ω主要以尿的形式排泄。     

植物伸展蛋白的研究进展

伸展蛋白是高等植物细胞壁中一族富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白,在植物细胞壁中发挥着重要的生理功能。综述了近几十年对伸展蛋白结构、功能、基因家族以及生物合成与基因表达调节的研究进展。     

腾格里沙漠东南缘生物土壤结皮的固氮潜力

以腾格里沙漠东南缘广泛分布的3类典型生物土壤结皮(藻类结皮、地衣结皮和藓类结皮)为研究对象,在野外环境下连续一年(2010年6月至2011年5月)测定了不同类型结皮的固氮潜力、季节变化,及其对环境因子的响应特征.结果表明：整个试验期间,藻类、地衣和藓类结皮的固氮活性分别为14～133、20～101和4～28 mol·m^-2·h^-1,差异显著,这种差异主要是由结皮种类组成的差异所致.3类结皮固氮活性对环境因子的响应特征基本一致.3类结皮固氮活性与降水量关系不显著,但与试验前3天小于3 mm的降水量均呈显著的正相关关系,说明该地区3类结皮在3 mm降水条件下即可达到最大固氮速率.3类结皮固氮活性与试验期温度均呈显著的二次函数关系,随气温升高均呈先上升后下降的趋势,藻类和地衣结皮的固氮活性在超过30 ℃后即迅速下降,而藓类结皮的固氮活性在超过25 ℃后即开始下降,说明不同类型结皮具有不同的固氮适宜温度区间.3类结皮固氮活性的季节变化均表现为秋季>春季>夏季>冬季,夏季高温和冬季低温抑制了结皮固氮酶活性,而春末秋初适宜的水热条件促进了其固氮活性的提高,结皮固氮活性的季节变化主要受水热因子的共同调控.温带荒漠区生物土壤结皮在湿润条件下全年均具有固氮能力,环境因子对其氮固定的控制作用层次分明,水分是影响其固氮速率和持续时间的关键因子,在水分和碳源充足的条件下,温度则是制约其固氮能力的主要因子.     

Iptakalim ameliorates relaxation to acetylcholine in thoracic aortic rings impaired by microvesicles derived from hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated HUVECs

Objective: To investigate the effect of Iptakalim(Ipt) preventing injury of endothelial microvesicles(EMVs) derived from hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-treated HUVECs on the relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods: H/R injury model was established to release H/R-EMVs from HUVECs. H/R-EMVs from HUVECs were isolated by ultracentrifugation from the conditioned culture medium. H/R-EMVs were characterized by using Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM). Thoracic aortic rings of rats were incubated with 10~(-7)-10~(-3 )mol/L Ipt and co-cultured with 10 μg/ml H/R-EMVs for 4 hours, and their endothelium- dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine(ACh) was recorded in vitro. The nitric oxide(NO) production of ACh-treated rat thoracic aortic rings was measured by using Griess reagent. The expression of endothelial NO synthase(e NOS), phosphorylated e NOS(p-e NOS, Ser-1177), serine/threonine kinas(Akt) and phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt, Ser-473) in the thoracic aortic rings of rats was detected by Western blotting. Results: H/R-EMVs were induced by H/R-treated HUVECs and isolated by ultracentrifugation. The isolated H/R-EMVs subjected to TEM revealed small, rounded vesicles(100–1 000 nm) surrounded by a membrane. H/R-EMVs impaired relaxation induced by ACh of rat thoracic aortic rings significantly. Compared with H/R-EMVs treatment individually, relaxation and NO production of rat thoracic aortic rings were increased by Ipt treatment in a concentration-dependent manner(P0.05, P0.01). The expression of total e NOS(t-e NOS) and total Akt(t-Akt) was not affected by Ipt or H/R-EMVs. However, the expression of p-e NOS and p-Akt increased after treated with Ipt(P0.01). Conclusion: Based on H/R-EMVs treatment, ACh induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aortic rings was ameliorated by Ipt in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanisms involved the increase in NO production, p-e NOS and p-Akt expression.     

中国四川毛膝蝇属的研究并记一新种(双翅目:蝇科)

毛膝蝇属Hebecnema隶属双翅目Diptera蝇科Muscidae圆蝇亚科Mydaeinae圆蝇族Mydaeini,为Schnabl于1889年以Anthomyia umbratica Meigen,1826为模式种而建立的属,为蝇科中的1个小属,迄今全世界已知23种,中国记录在册的有10种,占43.5%,其中特有种7种,占我国已知种的70.0%.目前四川省已知种有5种,占我国已知种的40.0%,足见四川毛膝蝇属种类的多样性,是天赋的极其宝贵的基因库.本文编制了四川省毛膝蝇属已知种检索表,并对其中1个新种:冠状毛膝蝇Hebecnema coronata Feng et Wang, sp.nov的鉴别特征进行了详细描述.新种模式标本藏于中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所昆虫博物馆.     

Complete Plastid Genome Sequencing of Trochodendraceae Reveals a Significant Expansion of the Inverted Repeat and Suggests a Paleogene Divergence between the Two Extant Species

The early-diverging eudicot order Trochodendrales contains only two monospecific genera, Tetracentron and Trochodendron. Although an extensive fossil record indicates that the clade is perhaps 100 million years old and was widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere during the Paleogene and Neogene, the two extant genera are both narrowly distributed in eastern Asia. Recent phylogenetic analyses strongly support a clade of Trochodendrales, Buxales, and Gunneridae (core eudicots), but complete plastome analyses do not resolve the relationships among these groups with strong support. However, plastid phylogenomic analyses have not included data for Tetracentron. To better resolve basal eudicot relationships and to clarify when the two extant genera of Trochodendrales diverged, we sequenced the complete plastid genome of Tetracentron sinense using Illumina technology. The Tetracentron and Trochodendron plastomes possess the typical gene content and arrangement that characterize most angiosperm plastid genomes, but both genomes have the same unusual ∼4 kb expansion of the inverted repeat region to include five genes (rpl22, rps3, rpl16, rpl14, and rps8) that are normally found in the large single-copy region. Maximum likelihood analyses of an 83-gene, 88 taxon angiosperm data set yield an identical tree topology as previous plastid-based trees, and moderately support the sister relationship between Buxaceae and Gunneridae. Molecular dating analyses suggest that Tetracentron and Trochodendron diverged between 44-30 million years ago, which is congruent with the fossil record of Trochodendrales and with previous estimates of the divergence time of these two taxa. We also characterize 154 simple sequence repeat loci from the Tetracentron sinense and Trochodendron aralioides plastomes that will be useful in future studies of population genetic structure for these relict species, both of which are of conservation concern.     

轮状病毒致乳鼠肝脏IFN-γ/IL-10的变化研究

目的建立乳鼠感染的模型,检测轮状病毒（Rotavirus,RV）肠道内、外感染乳鼠肝脏IFN-γ和IL-10水平,比较肝脏IFN-γ和IL-10在轮状病毒肠道内外感染,以及不同时间点变化的差异性,进一步探讨IFN-γ和IL-10免疫自稳失衡与轮状病毒肠道外感染发病的关系,推测以恢复细胞因子平衡为目标的治疗策略可能是治疗轮状病毒肠炎的一种新方法。方法实验动物选用35日龄的清洁级BALB/C乳鼠,将54只乳鼠随机分为3组,每组18只,即实验组,包括肠道外组：通过腹腔注入0.10 mL（1×10-5）TCID50感染性滴度计量的SA-11株病毒;肠道内组：通过口腔灌入0.10 mL相同病毒;对照组无特殊处理。感染后,各组动物隔离饲养。观察乳鼠的活动、饮食、体型、毛色和大便变化情况等,收集大便经胶体金法检测其中RV抗原。在接种后的3、5和8 d处死乳鼠,留取肝脏,免疫组化方法检测IFN-γ和IL-10水平。结果对照组2种细胞因子表达量较少,肠道内组IFN-γ水平在接种RV后的第3天明显增多,第3天至第8天缓慢减少;IL-10水平较正常组增高但整个过程未见明显变化。肠道外组IFN-γ水平与肠道内组比较差异无统计学意义;IL-10水平在感染第3天也明显增多,第3天至第8天有所减少但仍存在且高于正常组。结论 BALB/C乳鼠肠道内外感染RV动物模型建立成功。乳鼠肠道外感染早期及后期肝脏内细胞因子呈现出不同改变。所以在肠道外组,肝脏细胞因子平衡机制失衡,进一步阐明这种失衡可能是RV肠道外播散的重要机制。