Determination of aconitine,hypaconitine and mesaconitine in urine using hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography

Hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was used to simultaneously determine three Aconitum alkaloids, including aconitine (AC), hypaconitine (HA) and mesaconitine (MA) in human urine sample. Analytes were extracted from 5 mL urine sample containing 1.0 mmol/L NaOH into 1-octanol membrane phase impregnated in the pores of hollow fiber wall, and then back extracted into acidified aqueous solution in the lumen of the hollow fiber. After extraction, 10 μL of the acceptor phase was analyzed directly by HPLC. In this method, some important extraction parameters, such as organic solvent, extraction time, stirring rate, pH of donor phase and acceptor phase, temperature, and the volume of acceptor phase were optimized. This method provided 98- to 288-fold enrichment factors within 60 min of extraction and good repeatability with RSDs of 0.99–7.22%. The calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 16.0–128.0 μg/L for AC, 11.0–88.0 μg/L for HA and 8.1–64.8 μg/L for MA in human urine sample, with correlation coefficients of 0.9949, 0.9969 and 0.9904, respectively. Limits of detection were from 0.7 to 1.5 μg/L, and recoveries from spiked urine sample varied from 84.4% to 106.2% for AC, 77.3% to 85.6% for HA and 90.1% to 100.8% for MA.     

Gynostemosides A–E,megastigmane glycosides from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

Megastigmane glycosides (1–5) together with seven (6–12) related known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Gynostemma pentaphyllum. The structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR, HR-ESIMS, and circular dichroism (CD), as well as chemical transformations to be (3R, 4R, 5S, 6S, 7E)-3,4,6-trihydroxymegastigmane-7-en-9-one-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (gynostemoside A, 1), (3S, 4S, 5R, 6R, 7E, 9R)-3,4,6,9-tetrahydroxymegastigmane-7-en-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (gynostemoside B, 2), (3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7E, 9R)-3,4,9-trihydroxymegastigmane-7-en-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (gynostemoside C, 3), (3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7E, 9R)-3,4,9-trihydroxymegastigmane-7-en-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (gynostemoside D, 4), and (3S, 4S, 5S, 6S, 7E, 9R)-3,4,9-trihydroxymegastigmane-7-en-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (gynostemoside E, 5), respectively.     

矮晚柚的组织培养与快速繁殖

以矮晚柚种子萌发的无菌苗为实验材料,利用茎尖和上胚轴诱导丛生芽的发生,利用丛生芽获得再生植株。实验表明:矮晚柚成熟和未成熟种子在1/2MS、MS上均能萌发,萌发率最高可达96%,成熟种子萌发的无菌苗更利于后期的分化。最适外植体为无菌苗的上胚轴,筛选出丛生芽最佳增殖培养方案为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.1 mg·L~(-1)+蔗糖40 g·L~(-1)+靠近茎尖上胚轴,最高增殖系数达8.4,最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+IBA 0.2 mg·L~(-1)+活性炭0.2 g·L~(-1),生根率达90%以上。移栽至蛭石+珍珠岩+营养土(1:1:2)的营养砵上,成活率可达80%。     

共轭亚油酸对草鱼生长、肌肉成分、谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性的影响

<正>共轭亚油酸(Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)是十八碳二烯酸(亚油酸)的同分异构体,其共同特征为两个双键直接通过一个碳-碳单键连接,没有被亚甲基隔开。共轭亚油酸的双     

猪流行性腹泻病毒地方株LJB/03分离及培养特性

从黑龙江省某猪场疑为病毒性腹泻的发病猪采集腹泻粪便样品,以RT-PCR法扩增出猪流行性腹泻病毒M基因后,采用细胞培养法进行病毒分离。对细胞培养分离物进行间接免疫荧光、免疫电镜观察、RT-PCR及ELISA法检验,其中间接免疫荧光试验可见培养细胞中存在明显的特异性绿色荧光;免疫电镜下可见大小符合预期、有囊膜、花瓣状的典型冠状病毒结构特征;RT-PCR检测证实存在PEDVM基因;间接ELISA检测中平均P/N比值为7.6;从而确认为分离到一株猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV),命名为PEDVLJB/03株。随后,对该分离毒株的培养特性及如何提高病毒滴度进行探索。通过摸索该分离毒株的蚀斑形成条件,建立了PEDV蚀斑形成方法,并采用该方法进行病毒的蚀斑纯化,纯化得到PEDV大蚀斑克隆株和小蚀斑克隆株。对大、小两种蚀斑克隆株的病毒滴度测定结果表明,大小蚀斑克隆株细胞感染滴度相差明显。     

臭椿花器官分化的初步研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和光镜(LM)对臭椿花序及花器官的分化和发育进行了初步研究,表明:1)臭椿花器官分化于当年的4月初,为圆锥花序;2)分化顺序为花萼原基、花冠原基、雄蕊原基和雌蕊原基。5个萼片原基的发生不同步,并且呈螺旋状发生;5个花瓣原基几乎同步发生且其生长要比雄蕊原基缓慢;雄蕊10枚,两轮排列,每轮5个原基的分化基本是同步的;雌蕊5,其分化速度较快;3)在两性花植株中,5个心皮顶端粘合形成柱头和花柱,而在雄株中,5个心皮退化,只有雄蕊原基分化出花药和花丝。本研究着重观察了臭椿中雄花及两性花发育的过程中两性花向单性花的转变。结果表明,臭椿两性花及单性花的形成在花器官的各原基上是一致的(尽管时间上有差异),雌雄蕊原基同时出现在每一个花器官分化过程中,但是,可育性结构部分的形成取决于其原基是否分化成所应有的结构:雄蕊原基分化形成花药与花丝,雌蕊原基分化形成花柱、柱头和子房。臭椿单性花的形成是由于两性花中雌蕊原基的退化所造成,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

唐古特大黄五个居群的核型

报道了唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum)5个居群的染色体数目和核型,结果如下:大武、柯曲、达卡三个居群均为2n=2x=22=2sm 20m;吉卡居群为2n=2x=22=20m 2M;松潘居群为2n=2x=22=2sm 18m 2M。大武,柯曲和吉卡居群核型类型属于1A型,达卡和松潘居群属于2A型。Q型聚类分析结果表明,5个居群在核型上存在一定分化,这可能是由不同的生境造成的。     

马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3中WANG_1291基因的表达

【目的】马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3含有一段长度为14.4 kb的胞外多糖合成基因簇,包含17个与胞外多糖合成相关的基因(WANG_1283?WANG_1299),主要分析17个基因在马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3生长过程中不同时间段的表达量,探究其中一个表达量发生变化的基因对乳酸菌产胞外多糖的影响。【方法】通过半定量RT-PCR实验,对基因簇上各基因的表达量进行分析;通过构建含有表达量变化基因的重组乳酸乳球菌,比较重组菌与野生菌的产胞外多糖差异。【结果】经分析,WANG_1284、WANG_1286、WANG_1287、WANG_1288、WANG_1290、WANG_1291、WANG_1292、WANG_1294、WANG_1296、WANG_1297、WANG_1298、WANG_1299这12个基因在菌体生长的50 h和60 h (产糖量上升阶段)表达量最高,推测这些基因在多糖聚合过程中起作用。从这12个基因中选出一个表达量发生明显变化的基因WANG_1291做进一步研究。将WANG_1291插入乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e中,构建了重组表达载体pMG36e-1291。将构建的重组表达载体转化到乳酸乳球菌WH-C1中,得到重组菌株。测定重组菌与野生菌生长特性,发现重组菌与野生菌之间的生长速度存在一定差异。然后利用苯酚-硫酸法测得重组乳酸乳球菌的胞外多糖产量是野生菌的2.1倍,胞外多糖产量有了明显的提高。【结论】确定WANG_1291基因是调控马奶酒样乳杆菌ZW3产胞外多糖的关键基因之一。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dihydro-aryl/alkylsulfanyl-cyclohexylmethyl-oxopyrimidines (S-DACOs) as high active anti-HIV agents

A novel dihydro-aryl/alkylsulfanyl-cyclohexylmethyl-oxopyrimidines (S-DACOs) combinatory library was synthesized and evaluated with C8166 cells infected by the HIV-1_IIIB in vitro, using Nevirapine (NVP) and Zidovudine (AZT) as positive control. The anti-HIV screening results revealed that C-6-cyclohexylmethyl substituted pyrimidinones possessed higher selective index than its 6-arylmethyl counterparts. Compounds 1g, 1c, 1e and 1b showed potent anti-HIV activities with EC₅₀ values of 0.012, 0.025, 0.088 and 0.162 nM, respectively.     

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of curcumin analogues as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

A series of novel curcumin analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential multifunctional agents for the treatment of AD. The in vitro studies showed that these compounds had better inhibitory properties against Aβ aggregation than curcumin. Superior anti-oxidant properties (better than the reference compound Trolox) of these compounds were observed by the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method and a cell-based assay using DCFH-DA as a probe. In addition they were able to chelate metals such as iron and copper and decrease metal-induced Aβ aggregation. The structure-activity relationships were discussed. The results suggested that our curcumin analogues could be selected as multifunctional agents for further investigation of AD treatment.