中国蓟马蚜属研究：同翅目：斑蚜科

蓟马蚜属Thripsaphis Gillette是取食莎草科植物的一类害虫,其体细长,形似蓟马,因此而得名为蓟马蚜。在全世界已记载有18种。我国仅在1986年曾报道有1种。作者在整理东北和河北的标本时,发现2个新亚种和1个中国新记录种。文中还有中国已知种和亚种的检索表。所有研究标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国袖蜡蝉科一新记录属一新种：同翅目：蜡蝉总科

本文记述了作者采自云南省西双版纳勐养的袖蜡蝉科Derbidae国内一新记录属和一新种。模式标本保存在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆。 小袖蜡蝉属Rhotanella Fennah,中国新记录Rhotanella Fennah,1970,Nat.Hist.Rennell Isl.,6(64):67;Rhotanella,Zelazny,1981,Pacif.Ins., 23(3-4):275. 模式种:Rhotanella thy rssi Fennah,1970,Nat.Hist.Rennell Isl,6(64):68. 头顶背面狭三角形,顶和额相连呈圆形。额两侧脊在端部不分开,触角下突起和前胸背板在肩板复眼之间的短纵脊很发达。触角长略大于宽。喙短,不达到或刚达到后足基节。前翅宽,卵圆形,前缘有1个较长,2个中等长和2个较短的前缘室,第二、三     

The interaction of laminin and its membrane receptor on mouse macrophage membrane studied by STM and FRAP

The variation of membrane surface and lateral diffusion of membrane protein was studied after the interaction of laminin with its membrane receptor in mouse macrophages. A pattern of membrane surface which showed smaller and bigger peaks was obtained by scanning tunneling microscope(STM), looking like the domains of lipid groups and proteins in the model of fluid mosaic biomembrane. Some even more higher and wider peaks projected out from the membrane surface in STM image after the interacting of laminin with membrane receptor were, probably, the complexes of laminin and membrane receptor. Furthermore, the decreased lateral diffusion coefficient value (D) was obtained by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) after the laminin was reacted with membrane receptor. This phenomenon provides an evidence that the complexes of laminin and its membrane receptor were located on the membrane of macrophages. So we could consider that the laminin is combined with membrane receptor leading to the variation in the properties of membrane surface.     

番茄种子人工老化前后吸湿-回干处理的生理生化变化

番茄种子在人工老化前后进行吸湿—回干处理能有效地保持种子活力并改善老化种子的性能。种子内溶质渗漏及MDA含量减少,吸水后 SOD、CAT和 POX活性提高,呼吸强度和ATP含量增加.这些指标均显示老化前后两次处理比只进行一次处理的效果好。而RQ则没有明显变化。     

豌豆中脱落酸含量、叶片导性与土壤含水量之间的关系

脱落酸与植物水分胁迫的关系已进行了大量的研究,现已明确脱落酸可以抑制气孔的开放(Jones和 Mansfield 1970,Weyers和 Hillman 1979,Henson等 1989),但它的作用机制仍然很不清楚。已有报告指出,当土壤水分亏缺时,ABA可以作为根与地上部间的通讯信号,由很运到地上部并抑制气孔的开放(Blackman和 Davies1985,Gollan等 1986,Zhang和 Davies     

梵净山自然保护区的一些虫生真菌

本文报道了采自梵净山自然保护区的蛹虫草(Cordyceps militaris),下垂虫草(Co-rdyceps nutans),金龟子虫草(Cordyceps scarabaeicola),蝉拟青霉(Paecilomyces cicadae),撑拟青霉(Paecilomyces suffultus),爪哇拟青霉(Paecilomyces javanicus)和暗绿拟青霉(Paecilomyces atrovirens)等14种昆虫病原真菌。其中撑拟青霉为国内首次报道的新记录种,暗绿拟青霉为一新种。此新种能以(1)在查氏琼脂上菌落暗绿、生长缓慢;(2)瓶梗基部球顶长颈瓶形;和(3)柱形分生孢子聚集成迭瓦状长链与已知种相区别。     

香菇的学名及其在当代真菌分类中的位置

本文综述了香菇(Lentinula edodes)的分类历史,确认其在蘑菇目(Agaricales)Tricholomataceae科下的分类地位,并证实了它与多孔菌目(Poriales)Lentinaceae科的Lentinus属没有联系。根据《真菌、地衣汉语学名命名法规》,作者讨论了译为“香菇属”的Lentinus和“小香菇属”的Lentinellus两属的汉语学名问题,提出Lentinus的汉语学名应订正为“韧伞属”,Lentinellus为“螺壳菌属”。香菇所在的Lentinula属的汉语学名建议为“木菇属”。     

玉蕈降解木质纤维素的生理生化基础

本文研究了玉蕈在纤维废弃物上生长期间,培养基中主要成分的降解规律及有关的酶学分析。实验结果表明:1.玉蕈分解纤维素和半纤维素的能力较强,分解木素的能力很弱。因此,玉蕈是褐腐型木腐菌。2.纤维素是玉蕈子实体生长阶段的主要碳源。3.玉蕈生长期间可向培养基中释放羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶。酶活性在子实体生长阶段显著增加。进一步证明了子实体阶段酶活性增加与培养温度和子实体形成有密切关系。     

小麦条锈菌胞间菌丝的超微结构和细胞化学研究

本文应用电镜技术和细胞化学方法,对小麦条锈菌寄主胞间菌丝的超微结构进行了研究。观察发现:小麦条锈菌胞间菌丝有两种类型,即具隔膜菌丝和无隔膜菌丝。在胞间菌丝中,多核现象极为普遍。常规染色和细胞化学染色结果表明:胞间菌丝的细胞壁由四层组成,隔膜由三层构成,细胞壁的内层与隔膜的外层相连,细胞壁和隔膜中含有蛋白质和多糖物质。隔膜的发育可分三个阶段,即隔膜突的形成,隔膜壁的延伸和隔膜孔结构的形成。本研究中还观察到胞间菌丝间的融合现象。本文的研究结果表明:小麦条锈菌胞间菌丝的一些特征显然不同于其它锈菌。     

Chromosome Transfer from Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) to Masu Salmon (O. masou)

Sperms from Pink salmon were subjected to incomplete irradiation by γ-ray to cause partial breakageof their chromosome. Normal eggs from masu salmon were fertilized by these damaged sperms andput under hydrostatic pressure to suppress the release of second polar bodies. The resultant eggscontained complete sets of genome from masu salmon and some chromosomes and chromosomefragments from pink salmon. Karyotype and isozyme of the embryos were analyzed. The resultsdemonstrate that the chromosomes from pink salmon showed genetic activities. Variations in hatchedindividuals were observed.