努布拉鼠兔(Ochotona nubrica Thomas,1922)的分类订正

努布拉鼠兔(Ochotona nubrica)的分类地位迄今未能得到合理解决,曾被列为草原鼠兔(O.pusilla)、灰鼠兔(O.roylei)或藏鼠兔(O.thibetana)的同物异名。作者根据原始文献、地模标本及邻近地模产地的标本与有关的鼠兔种类进行对比研究,证实了努布拉鼠兔既不同于藏鼠兔,也不同于灰鼠兔,而是一个有效物种。     

湖北省等翅目三新种

本文记述湖北省等翅目三新种,毛唇散白蚁Reticulitermes tricholabtalis sp.nov.湖北散白蚁Reticulitermes hubeiensis sp.nov.和近圆唇散白蚁Reticulitermes perilabralis sp.nov.。所有正模标本均保存于广东省昆虫研究所。     

紫外激光消融主动脉斑块和感生荧光光谱观测

利用XeCI准分子激光辐照主动脉血管正常组织和斑块组织,观察到组织被激光消融。消融所产生的凹坑与辐射时间呈对数直线关系。308nm激光感生的血管壁荧光光谱在可见波段出现二个荧光极大值,用二极值的相对强度之比可以判断正常或斑块组织。     

茭白黑粉菌在茭白植株内形态发育的初步研究

茭白黑粉菌的菌丝体多年生,越冬期宿存于茭白地下茎中,翌年春天入侵由地下茎芽体形成的植株。菌丝具隔膜,分枝,细胞双核,在寄主细胞间隙并入侵细胞中生长,无吸器;受菌丝侵染的茭白地上茎薄壁细胞分裂增多,体积加大,并高度液泡化,使茎膨大。部分菌丝在茭白茎膨大后期菌丝壁胶化,原生质收缩成团,生成厚壁,形成冬孢子。     

The long-distance migration of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Delphacidae) in China: radar observations of mass return flight in the autumn

Abstract.

• 1 A case study is presented of the autumn migration of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in the area of Nanjing in the People's Republic of China. The study was made using a high frequency (8 mm wavelength) radar and a net suspended from a kytoon.
• 2 The observations confirmed that long-distance return migrations occur in China in mid and late September, with N.lugens being carried on the prevailing north-easterly wind towards the autumn infestation and overwintering areas of the species.
• 3 After mass take-off in the late afternoon or at dusk, the migrants flew for several hours during the evening, often in a dense layer which formed at heights between about 400 and 1000m above ground. These layers often had well-defined ceilings corresponding to an air temperature of about 16°C. The migration height was above the top of the surface temperature inversion, i.e. the migrants did not fly at the height of the warmest air.
• 4 The dense layer concentrations overflying the radar were backtracked to source areas up to 240 km away in the north-east of Jiangsu Province. Planthoppers observed emigrating from the Nanjing area would reach areas in south Anhui Province or north Jiangxi Province if they flew for 12 h.
• 5 There was a second period of mass take-off at dawn. Insect layers sometimes formed but did not last longer than 1–2h.
• 6 The present results were strikingly different from those previously observed in the dry season in the Philippines, where migratory flight durations were largely confined to periods of about 30min at dusk and dawn.
• 7 Our observations are discussed in relation to the equator-wards return migrations undertaken in autumn by other insect species, and the importance of these migrations for the maintenance of long-flying genotypes in the overwintering populations is considered.

     

蟾蜍血液淋巴细胞姐妹染色单体互换及细胞周期动力学研究

本文对中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans血液淋巴细胞在植物血球凝集素(PHA)刺激条件下的细胞周期动力学及丝裂霉素C(MMC)诱发姐妹染色单体互换(SCE)的敏感性进行了研究。用姐妹染色单体差别染色方法确定细胞的分裂次数。实验结果表明,中华大蟾蜍血液淋巴细胞在体外培养2天后出现第二次分裂细胞,3天后达峰值(占分裂细胞中期相的38.9％),此后,其百分比逐日下降,培养后4天出现第三次分裂细胞,第5天出现第四次分裂细胞。Brdu浓度在8—24μg/ml范围内对SCE本底无影响。6ng/ml MMC所诱发的SCEs比对照组高3倍以上,说明中华大蟾蜍对MMC的诱变作用相当敏感。     

Identification of soybean mosaic, southern bean mosaic and tobacco ringspot viruses from soybean in the People's Republic of China

Samples of soybean plants with virus-like symptoms were collected from several locations in the People's Republic of China in 1981. These samples were used to prepare inocula for mechanical inoculation to soybean. Twenty-one virus cultures were obtained, the identities of which were determined by serology, symptomatology and host range. Sixteen cultures contained only soybean mosaic virus, four of which were more pathogenic than any previously studied; one culture contained only tobacco ringspot virus, another only southern bean mosaic virus, and three other cultures mixed infections of soybean mosaic and southern bean mosaic viruses. This is the first report of the occurrence of tobacco ringspot virus and southern bean mosaic virus in soybean in the People's Republic of China.     

棉酚对几种动物精子ATP酶抑制作用的比较研究

本文比较了棉酚对几种动物精子ATP酶的抑制作用。实验所测为精子细胞的总ATP酶活力;采用的棉酚浓度为10μM至80μM。20μM时精子酶的相对活力为海胆7604％,大鼠74％,家兔51.6％;40μM时酶的相对活力百分数下降至海胆52.5,大鼠35和家兔29.7;达80μM时酶的相对活力进一步下降至海胆26.7,而大鼠及家兔仅余13.2。结果表明(1)棉酚对精于ATP酶的抑制作用是依赖浓度的变化;(2)各种动物精子ATP酶活力的下降情况显示,大鼠及家兔(哺乳动物)精子ATP酶对棉酚的敏感性比海胆(无脊椎动物)要高些。这种差异性可能对棉酚在临床上的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

安定减低家兔膈神经放电幅度的机制分析

本实验室曾经报道静脉注射安定对于清醒、麻痹、人工呼吸的家兔具有减低膈神经放电幅度、加快呼吸频率,缩短吸气时程(T_I)和呼气时程(T_E),降低动脉血压等作用。本工作在35只家兔中进一步分析了某些药物对安定的这些作用的影响。GABA 降低膈神经放电幅度和动脉血压,这与安定的作用相同,但 GABA 延长T_I、T_E和减慢呼吸频率,与安定的作用相反。事先用氨基酸脱羧酶抑制剂异烟肼处理,或用 GABA 受体拮抗剂印防己毒素处理,可阻遏安定减低膈神经放电幅度的作用。在事先用印防己毒素处理的家兔中,可见安定缩短 T_IT_E的作用不受影响。异烟肼或印防己毒素还能部分对抗安定的降压效应。阿片受体拮抗剂纳洛酮和5-HT 受体拮抗剂赛庚啶都不能阻遏安定降低膈神经放电幅度和动脉血压的作用。上述结果提示安定降低膈神经放电幅度的作用可能通过 GABA 这一中间环节,而内啡肽和5-HT可能不起重要作用。安定的降压作用需要有内源性 GABA 参与才得以持续较长时间,在减少GABA 或阻断 GABA 受体后,安定只有短暂的降压作用。     

无机钼酸在棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii)体内的累积和转化

醋酸铵培养的棕色固氮菌(Azotobacter vinelandii),经超声击碎高速离心制备粗提取液、DEAE-纤维素柱层析表明,体内~(99)MoFe蛋白合成受到阻遏,在0.15 M NaGl洗脱分部中,除~(99)Mo储存蛋白峰外,还存在一个无机~(99)MoO_4~=组分。醋酸铵培养的棕色固氮菌经去阻遏后,在体内固氮活性出现的同时,可观察到原先菌体内累积的~(99)Mo储存蛋白峰降低,无机~(99)MoO_4~=的组分几乎消失以及~(99)MoFe蛋白合成。若去阻遏过程存在氯霉素,则菌体不显示固氮活性,(99)MoFe蛋白不再合成,储存蛋白和无机铝酸组分中~(99)Mo的转移停止。