狭果茶藨子果实多糖提取及其抗氧化和流变特性

以狭果茶藨子果实为原料,多糖提取量为考察指标,通过单因素试验及响应面试验对多糖提取工艺进行优化,结果表明最佳多糖制备工艺条件为:提取温度40℃,时间30 min,料液比1∶30 g/mL,此时狭果茶藨子中多糖提取量达115.32 mg/g;流变学特性研究表明狭果茶藨子果实多糖溶液属于非牛顿流体,多糖溶液表现出剪切稀化的现象,当多糖质量浓度为1.0%时,其流变学特性与0.1%的羧甲基纤维素钠溶液相似,且过酸、过碱的环境均不会改变狭果茶藨子果实多糖溶液的流变学特性;抗氧化试验结果表明狭果茶藨子果实多糖具有潜在的抗氧化能力,对DPPH自由基的清除能力低于抗坏血酸,而对羟自由基的清除能力显著高于抗坏血酸。本研究结果可为狭果茶藨子果实多糖在食品领域的开发利用提供理论依据。     

A targeted lipidomics approach to the study of eicosanoid release in synovial joints

Introduction  

Articular tissues are capable of producing a range of eicosanoid mediators, each of which has individual biological effects and may be affected by anti-inflammatory treatment. We set out to develop and evaluate a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) approach for the simultaneous analysis of multiple eicosanoid lipid mediators in equine synovial fluid (SF), and to illustrate its use for investigation of the in vivo effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment.     

诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因多态性与2型糖尿病关系研究

目的：观察诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOs）基因Ser608Leu位点基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性。方法：采用测序法测定261例2型糖尿病患者和128例正常对照者iNOS基因Ser608Leu位点基因多态性。结果：两组间iNOS基因Ser608Leu位点基因型及等位基因频率构成存在差异。结论：iNOS基因Ser608Leu位点多态性与2型糖尿病有关。     

水牛、大额牛和牦牛抑制素α亚基编码基因外显子1多态性分析

为了揭示牛科物种INHA基因的遗传特征,该文采用PCR产物直接测序法对水牛、大额牛和牦牛INHA基因外显子1及其侧翼序列进行多态性检测,并结合已发表的包括牛科物种在内的一些哺乳动物数据进行了比较分析。结果表明,在水牛INHA基因外显子1中存在c.73C>A替换,为同义替换,河流型和沼泽型水牛编码产物一致;在大额牛的INHA基因外显子1中发现c.62C>T、c.187G>A替换,分别引起INHA中氨基酸发生p.P21L、p.V63M改变,两者均为相同性质氨基酸的替换;在牦牛中发现c.62C>T、c.129A>G替换,前者也引起编码氨基酸发生p.P21L替换,后者为同义替换。在INHA基因5’侧翼区所测出的序列中,水牛、大额牛和牦牛等物种内均未发现SNP位点,但在种间发现存在c.-6T>G的替换,大额牛、牦牛和普通牛均为c.-6G,而水牛为c.-6T。在INHA基因内含子中,水牛的第31～36位核苷酸处发现有6个碱基的缺失,即c.262+31₂62+36delTCTGAC;该位点在河流型水牛中野生型（+/+）占主体,而在沼泽型水牛中则缺失型（-/-）占主体。在大额牛、牦牛和普通牛等其它牛科物种的内含子中均未发现该缺失,但与水牛相比,大额牛、牦牛和普通牛内含子中发现缺失c.262+78₂62+79delTG。序列比对显示,INHA基因外显子1序列中c.43A和c.67G为水牛中所特有,而c.173A和c.255G为大额牛、牦牛和普通牛所共有,c.24C、c.47G、c.174T和c.206T为山羊所特有。大额牛、牦牛和普通牛间INHA基因外显子1序列差异较小,而山羊和水牛与它们间的差异相对较大。     

重组腺病毒Ad-HGF体外感染成纤维细胞后转染效率及表达的检测

押检测携带人肝细胞生长因子基因的重组腺病毒Ad-HGF在体外对成纤维细胞的感染效率以及感染细胞对目的蛋白的表达。以不同感染复数(m.o.i.)(25,50,100,200)的Ad-GFP感染NIH3T3细胞,48h时用流式细胞仪检测转染效率;以50m.o.i.感染NIH3T3细胞后48h,用ELISA和Western印迹杂交法分别检测感染上清中HGF的表达。分别以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP和Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,以检测重组腺病毒对原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞的转染效率和其对HGF的表达。结果表明,当m.o.i.为50时,重组腺病毒对NIH3T3细胞的转染效率已达95%以上;HGF的表达量可达每2×106细胞249ng;并可检测到HGF蛋白的一特异杂交带。以50m.o.i.的Ad-GFP感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞,72h时GFP表达达高峰,此时转染效率可高达36.75%。Ad-HGF感染原代培养人瘢痕成纤维细胞后HGF的表达在72h时达高峰,表达量可达每3.3×105细胞66ng。初步认为重组腺病毒可有效地介导HGF基因转染正常或瘢痕成纤维细胞,且感染细胞可有效表达目的蛋白。     

Gene therapy for pathological scar with hepatocyte growth factor mediated by recombinant adenovirus vector

Pathologic scar, characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis and scarring, is a common im-portant clinical sequela after wound healing. It often appears during wound healing after deep burn, surgical cutting and other injured skin. Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a manifestation of increased collagen synthesis and/or reduced matrix degradation, resulting in excessive scarring with a deformed appearance and dysfunction[1]. To date, treatment modalities to scar include sur…     

Dual targeting of Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase into chloroplasts and mitochondria and high level oxyfluorfen resistance

Much attention has been paid to the signal sequences of eukaryotic protoporphyrinogen oxidases (protoxes); both the organelles targeted by protoxes and the role of protoxes in conferring resistance against protox‐inhibiting herbicides, such as oxyfluorfen, have been examined. However, there have been no reports on the translocation of prokaryotic protoxes. This study investigated the targeting ability of Myxococcus xanthus protox in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro translocation assay using a dual import system, M. xanthus protein was detected in chloroplasts and mitochondria, suggesting that the M. xanthus protox protein was targeted into both organelles. In order to confirm the in vitro dual targeting ability of M. xanthus, we used a stable transgenic strategy to investigate dual targeting in vivo. In transgenic rice plants overexpressing M. xanthus protox, M. xanthus protox antibody cross‐reacted with proteins with predicted molecular masses of 50 kDa from both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and this in vivo transgene expression corresponded to a prominent increase in chloroplastic and mitochondrial protox activity. Seeds from the transgenic lines M4 and M7 germinated in solid Murashige and Skoog media of up to 500 µm of oxyfluorfen, whereas wild‐type seeds did not germinate in 1 µm . After 4‐week‐old‐rice plants were treated with oxyfluorfen for 3 d, lines M4 and M7 exhibited normal growth, whereas the wild‐type line was severely bleached and necrotized. The herbicidal resistance is attributed to the insignificant accumulation of photodynamic protoporphyrin IX in cytosol because the high chloroplastic and mitochondrial protox activity in oxyfluorfen‐treated transgenic lines, compared with that in oxyfluorfen‐treated and untreated wild‐type plants, metabolizes protoporphyrinogen IX to chlorophyll and heme. A practical application of the dual targeting of M. xanthus protox for obtaining outstanding resistance to peroxidizing herbicides is discussed.     

Evidence for extensive gene flow and Thermotoga subpopulations in subsurface and marine environments

Oil reservoirs represent a nutrient-rich ecological niche of the deep biosphere. Although most oil reservoirs are occupied by microbial populations, when and how the microbes colonized these environments remains unanswered. To address this question, we compared 11 genomes of Thermotoga maritima-like hyperthermophilic bacteria from two environment types: subsurface oil reservoirs in the North Sea and Japan, and marine sites located in the Kuril Islands, Italy and the Azores. We complemented our genomes with Thermotoga DNA from publicly available subsurface metagenomes from North America and Australia. Our analysis revealed complex non-bifurcating evolutionary history of the isolates'' genomes, suggesting high amounts of gene flow across all sampled locations, a conjecture supported by numerous recombination events. Genomes from the same type of environment tend to be more similar, and have exchanged more genes with each other than with geographically close isolates from different types of environments. Hence, Thermotoga populations of oil reservoirs do not appear isolated, a requirement of the ‘burial and isolation'' hypothesis, under which reservoir bacteria are descendants of the isolated communities buried with sediments that over time became oil reservoirs. Instead, our analysis supports a more complex view, where bacteria from subsurface and marine populations have been continuously migrating into the oil reservoirs and influencing their genetic composition. The Thermotoga spp. in the oil reservoirs in the North Sea and Japan probably entered the reservoirs shortly after they were formed. An Australian oil reservoir, on the other hand, was likely colonized very recently, perhaps during human reservoir development.     

基因工程改善植物生物质能利用的研究进展

利用植物木质纤维资源发酵产乙醇越来越受到人们的重视,但是要达到工业生产仍然存在很多难题。最近在利用植物基因工程技术改善植物自身性状,以利于能源植物的研究方面取得了一定的进展,这些研究包括减少植物自身细胞壁中的木质素含量、细胞中积累表达纤维素酶和木聚耱酶等的方法,使产生的生物质更利于降解利用。