重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2生物学活性测定新方法的建立

目的:采用小鼠异位成骨技术及甲基麝香草酚蓝比色法检测重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)的生物学活性。方法:将rhBMP-2埋入小鼠肌间隙内,14d后取出新生组织,采用血清钙试剂盒检测其钙含量。结果:随着给药组剂量递增,相应地钙含量也增加,二者具有较强的量效关系。结论:此方法为本实验室独创,较传统的血清碱性磷酸酶方法更为方便、快捷,是一种能够定量检测rhBMP-2活性的新方法。     

鸭梨α-法尼烯合成酶基因双链RNAi表达载体的构建

目的：为了在转基因鸭梨植株中有效抑制转录后α-法尼烯合成酶基因（PFS）的表达,研究了α-法尼烯合成酶基因双链RNAi载体的构建。方法：利用RT—PCR技术,从鸭梨的果皮中获得了来源于PFS编码区的2个基因片段,反向连接,构建成RNAi载体。结果：经PCR扩增、限制性内切酶消化和序列测定验证,所构建的载体其序列与设计相一致。结论：克隆质粒pMD-L-S构建成功,为借助农杆菌介导法将PFS基因转化到鸭梨再生植株中奠定了基础。     

RGD targeted poly(L-glutamic acid)-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) conjugate for detecting angiogenesis biomarker alpha(v) beta3 integrin with MRT, mapping

Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys [c(RGDfK)] targeted poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA)-(Gd-DO3A) conjugate with a biodegradable cystamine spacer was prepared and evaluated for in vivo detection of an angiogenesis biomarker, alpha(v)beta3 integrin, in neoplastic tissues with T1 mapping, a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The binding activity of the c(RGDfK) containing conjugate was investigated using in vitro vitronectin assay with human prostate carcinoma DU145 cell line and Kaposi's sarcoma SLK cell line. The peptide c(RGDfK) and PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) conjugate were used as controls. The binding affinity of polymer bound c(RGDfK) was slightly lower than free c(RGDfK) peptide. The RGD targeted conjugate had higher binding affinity to the DU145 cells than the SLK cells, which was consistent to free c(RGDfK). The imaging of alpha(v)beta3 integrin with targeted PGA-cystamine-(Gd-DO3A) was evaluated in nude mice bearing DU145 and SLK xenografts at a dose of 5 micromol-Gd/kg. The targeted conjugate demonstrated higher in vivo binding affinity to the DU145 xenografts than the SLK xenografts, resulting in a significant decrease of T1 values of water protons in the periphery of the DU145 tumors as shown in the MR T1 maps. No significant decrease of T1 values was observed in the SLK tumor with the targeted conjugate and in both tumors with the non-targeted conjugate. The targeted polymeric Gd(III) chelate conjugate with a degradable spacer has the potential to be a new paradigm for safe and effective probes in molecular imaging with quantitative MR T1 mapping.     

植物的核糖体失活蛋白及其应用

对植物的核糖体失活蛋白的分类、性质、功能和应用的研究进展作概述。     

Effect of intratumoral injection of carboplatin combined with pluronic P85 or L61 on experimental colorectal carcinoma in rats

Pluronic, a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly (ethylene oxide) block copolymer, has been shown to enhance the cytotoxic activity of anticancer drugs in various cell lines. In the current study the effect of Pluronic P85 (P85) and Pluronic L61 (L61) on the intratumoral chemotherapy of an experimental adenocarcinoma in rats was examined. A total of 120 subcutaneous tumors (4 per rat) were inoculated in 30 BDIX rats and were treated weekly for 4 weeks with intratumoral injection of carboplatin (CPt) alone or with either P85 or L61. Tumors were monitored weekly and were excised at the endpoint for histologic evaluation. The effect of Pluronic on levels of intracellular ATP was explored as a possible mechanism of sensitization. Results showed that tumors treated with low-dose CPt (2.8 mg/kg) and P85 or L61 exhibited significant reductions in tumor volume after 28 days relative to Day 0 (112.7% +/- 34.4%, n = 15; 131.3% +/- 55.6%, n = 8) compared with tumors treated with free drug (339.4% +/- 75.0%, n = 16). Control tumors treated with either P85 or L61 alone or with saline showed volume increases of 1079.4% +/- 143.6% (n = 16), 729.4% +/- 202.2% (n = 7), and 1119.2% +/- 6.1% (n = 16), respectively. Treatment with high-dose CPt (20.7 mg/kg) led to a 79.3% +/- 4.2% reduction in tumor volume, and no differences were noted with addition of P85 or L61. In vitro ATP measurements showed that 28.0 mg/kg of P85 significantly reduced levels of intracellular ATP to 44.7% +/- 1.5% of controls, whereas L61 at this concentration depleted ATP levels completely. Results confirm that Pluronic P85 and L61 act as potent sensitizers to carboplatin chemotherapy of the experimental colorectal carcinoma, leading to a significant reduction of tumor growth compared to carboplatin alone. ATP depletion is a possible mechanism for these observed differences.     

两株内生芽孢杆菌对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性影响

【背景】盐胁迫环境严重影响大豆幼苗生长,内生菌可提高作物的抗逆性。【目的】探究接种内生枯草芽孢杆菌127和解蛋白芽孢杆菌133对盐胁迫下大豆幼苗体内超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响。【方法】以“徐豆20”为实验材料,采用盆栽实验法,设置对照组、盐胁迫组和盐胁迫接菌组,在人工气候培养条件下,用不同NaCl浓度(50、100、150、200、250和300 mmol/L)处理大豆幼苗,并接种不同OD600值(OD0.33、OD0.50和OD0.75)的菌悬液。【结果】培养14 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.33和OD0.75分别在盐浓度300 mmol/L和100 mmol/L时,SOD活性均为1.04 U/g-FW;接种解蛋白芽孢杆菌133的菌悬液OD0.50在盐浓度300 mmol/L胁迫下POD活性最高为7 820 U/(g·min),对大豆幼苗修复效果较显著。培养28 d,接种枯草芽孢杆菌127的菌悬液OD0.50,在150 mmol/L时SOD活性最高(0.88 U/g-FW);接...     

4种蚯蚓肠道微生物对砷毒性的响应差异研究

蚯蚓肠道是微生物多样性的一个潜在存储库。砷对蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的影响已被证实,但砷在不同蚯蚓肠道菌群中生物转化的差异仍不清楚。为了进一步阐述土壤中广泛存在的低浓度砷(浓度为5,15,25 mg/kg)对不同种类蚯蚓肠道微生物影响的差异,将4种典型蚯蚓暴露于砷污染土壤后,测定其肠道微生物组成变化,并分析砷对不同蚯蚓肠道内砷富集、形态和砷生物转化基因的影响。结果显示,所有蚯蚓组织内均存在明显的砷富集,其富集系数由高到低依次为:安德爱胜蚓(1.93)>加州腔蚓(0.80)>通俗腔蚓(0.78)>湖北远盲蚓(0.52),蚯蚓组织和肠道内砷形态主要以无机砷为主,其中As(III)含量比例> 80%,部分蚯蚓组织内还发现少量有机砷。4种蚯蚓肠道微生物群落在门水平上主要以变形菌、厚壁菌和放线菌为主,并与周围土壤细菌群落组成存在显著差异。同时,在土壤和肠道内共检测到17个砷转化基因,其中蚯蚓肠道内As(V)还原和砷转运相关基因相对丰度较高,而砷(去)甲基化基因丰度较低。此外,低浓度砷污染对蚯蚓生长无显著影响,却能引起蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的紊乱。蚯蚓种类和砷污染是引起蚯蚓肠道微生物...     

自然降雨下黄土丘陵区草灌植物垂直覆盖结构的减流减沙效应

黄土高原是我国水土流失和生态环境问题最为严重的地区之一,植被恢复是防治水土流失的重要措施。植物垂直覆盖结构包括地上冠层、地表枯落物和地下根系,各组分具有不同的水土保持作用,是研究植被与水土流失关系的基本单元。目前,关于植物垂直覆盖结构不同组分对土壤侵蚀影响的研究主要是基于人工模拟降雨,缺少自然降雨条件下不同植物的垂直覆盖结构对产流、产沙和入渗等多过程影响的系统研究。本研究以黄土丘陵区典型的草本(须芒草)、半灌木(铁杆蒿)和灌木(绣线菊)为研究对象,每种植物进行三种处理(自然状态、去除枯落物和仅留根系)以及裸地对照,观测2015—2016年降雨事件的产流产沙量和入渗量,分析植物不同垂直覆盖结构的减流减沙效益及其相对贡献。结果表明:三种植物均具有较好的减流(45.9%—73.2%)、减沙效益(87.5%—94.6%)和增加入渗作用(4.7%—10.8%),灌木的减流效果(73.2%)显著高于草本(45.9%)和半灌木(63.5%),但三种植物间的减沙效益没有显著性差异。冠层的减流作用最大,贡献率接近一半(48%—50%),草本枯落物的减流贡献率与根系基本一致,而半灌木和灌木枯落物的减流贡献...     

乡镇遥感生态指数时空变化及影响因子研究——以天津市蓟州区为例

进行乡镇生态环境质量评价和其空间分异性的影响因子分析,探讨其自身发展及对环境影响的机理,有助于相关部门有针对性地进行政策调整,对实现乡村生产生活与生态环境协调发展,实现乡村振兴的生态文明建设目标有重要意义。本文以天津市蓟州区乡镇为评估单元,利用遥感数据、统计数据和社会调查数据相结合的方法,使用遥感生态指数(RSEI)对其2000—2020年的生态环境质量进行评价,并选取四大类型共九个影响因子,通过地理探测器对蓟州区2020年乡镇生态环境质量的空间分异性影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,蓟州区2000年到2020年乡镇生态环境质量整体有所提升,生态环境质量等级为差和极差的区域明显减少,生态环境质量等级为好的区域面积增加;其变化趋势可分为持续上升型、波动上升型和波动下降型,除礼明庄镇外,其他评估单元生态环境质量都在向好的方向发展。在单因子探测中,地形因子的影响力大于社会因子和经济因子,即蓟州区乡镇生态环境质量的空间分布受海拔影响要大于其他社会经济因素的影响;在交互作用探测中,任意两个影响因子交互之后的作用强度都要大于单一影响因子,其中干度指数与绿度指数的交互作用解释力最高;说明土地利用变化和城...     

南方丘陵地区生态系统服务变化对国土空间规划的指示意义

以保护和提高生态系统服务功能为原则,优化生态空间格局对于保障区域生态系统稳定性具有重要作用。以南方丘陵地区为研究对象,基于土地利用数据,评估了南方丘陵地区20年间生态系统服务功能的时空变化,据此提出区域国土空间规划建议。结果表明：（1）1995-2000年间森林生态系统面积与生态系统服务功能急剧下降,在2000年之后两者均逐渐恢复。（2）南方丘陵地区生态系统服务主要受自然因素与社会经济因素的影响,空间分布呈自东南至西北逐渐降低的趋势。（3）空间叠加分析南方丘陵地区生态敏感性,划定4个生态功能区,明确重点保护区范围,严格规范对服务供给区、适度开发区及城镇建设区的干扰程度,在现有国土空间规划方案的基础上进行合理优化。研究成果探讨了生态系统服务格局在国土空间规划过程中的重要作用,可为进一步评估优化南方丘陵地区的生态空间格局提供科学参考。