贡嘎山峨眉冷杉林原生扰动土壤溶质运移的持续降雨模拟研究

以人工持续(5d)降雨模拟方式研究了贡嘎山物眉冷杉林原生土壤地表覆被层破坏后土壤中矿质元素与营养盐的迁移输出动态与规律。模拟降雨采用当地最为常见的小到中雨雨型（5.7-26mm/h),壤中流以垂直入渗为主,并滞后于降雨0.2-4.2h,通过0模拟实验发现,降雨总量和降雨事件的持续时间对壤中流产生量的影响比单位时间降雨强度的影响更为明显,在持续降雨影响下,主要离子（Mg^2 ,Ca^2 ,Cl^-,SO4^2-和Na^ K^ ）和营养盐（NH4^ -N,NO3^--N和活性磷酸盐）在短期内急剧流失,模拟降雨的第1天,壤中流结束时离子浓度仅为初始时浓度的29%,营养盐浓度为初始浓度的21%-55%。至第3天,上述离子和营养盐输出浓度趋于恒定,约为首日降雨壤中流初始浓度的1%-15%,在主要矿质元素流失后,原生土壤内过程转为有机质控制的HCO3^-输出过程,伴随着土壤矿质养分的输出,土壤缓冲能力下降,壤中流pH值由6.1降为5.2,研究结果表明,贡嘎山区峨眉冷杉林原生土壤系统十分脆弱,养分易于流失,对人类活动的敏感性很高。     

卡那霉素抗性基因在三孢布拉霉菌种中的表达

利用一个带有自主复制子,但缺失自身启动子的源于转座子Tn-5的卡那霉素抗性基因的质粒PVB32,在大肠杆菌中克隆丝状真菌三孢布拉霉DNA中有启动子功能的DNA片段;通过原生质体转化,获得了三孢布拉霉对卡那霉素抗性的表达,且抗性表现稳定,可通过孢子无性繁殖稳定遗传下去。     

一个母系遗传非综合征耳聋大家系mtDNA序列分析

通过分析本家系mtDNA序列,探讨淮阴一非综合征耳聋大家系患病的分子遗传学机制.采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增mtDNA与非综合征耳聋相关位点nt1555、nt7445的区域和人类种群研究的D-loop区、PCR-异源双链分析、PCR-RFLP、PCR产物克隆序列测定等技术对该家系进行了系统的研究.发现该家系中全部母系亲属有mtDNAA1555G突变,而家系中非母系个体、对照组(100例正常个体)的mtDNA1555位点均为A.该家系mtDNA7445位点无突变;该家系属于II型线粒体;发现家系D-loop区存在未见报道的碱基插入.提示mtDNAA1555G位点突变可能是导致该家系患者致聋的主要因素之一.遗传背景可能对家系疾病的表型存在一定程度的影响。 Abstract:We find an extensive nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness family in Huaiyin,and investigate the possible molecular genetic mechanism of matrilineal nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness.We use PCR,combined with PCR-heteroduplex analysis,PCR-RFLP and sequencing techniques to examine part of 12S rRNA,tRNAser(UCN),and D-loop region of this pedigree.1)We found an A to G transition at position 1555(A1555G) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA from all the patients and four matrilineal.2)An new nucleotide insertion was indentified in D-Loop region.3)According to the polymorphism of D-loop,this pedigree belong to mitochondrial type II.The study showed that the A1555G mutation may be one of major factors in progressive inherited deafness of this family and genetic background should be investigated in the future.     

Comparison of Cadmium Effect on Willow and Poplar in Response to Different Cultivation Conditions

Salix alba L. and Populus×euroamericana cv. Robusta cuttings were grown in 10 μM Cd(NO₃)₂ (direct treatment) or in Knop solution and afterwards in Cd(NO₃)₂ (indirect treatment). Cd impact on rooting of directly treated plants and its impact on normally formed roots and shoots of indirectly treated plants were studied. The cumulative length, number and biomass of willow roots, pigment and starch contents, leaf net photosynthetic rate and dry mass/leaf area ratio of willow leaves were positively influenced by indirect treatment. However, indirectly treated poplars were more sensitive to Cd than directly treated ones. Indirect treatment lowered root Cd uptake in willow, Cd accumulation in cuttings of both species and Cd accumulation in poplar shoots. Cd-caused structural changes were similar in both species and in both treatments. Root apices, rhizodermis and cortex were the most seriously damaged root parts. In directly treated willow, the structure of central cylinder (0.5 – 1 cm from apex) remained unchanged in contrast to indirectly treated plants. Formation of cambium close to the apex indicated shortening of root elongation zone of indirectly treated plants. Directly Cd-treated poplar roots exhibited unusual defence activity of root apical meristem and accumulation of darkly stained material around central cylinder. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

应用电击法获得转MT基因平菇

将MT基因用电击法转化平菇 (Pleurotusostreatus) ,MT基因表达蛋白与金属离子结合而形成络合物 ,用Zn诱导 ,转基因平菇能富集Zn ,可为缺Zn的人群补充Zn ,使平菇成为一种保健和治疗的食品或蔬菜。原生质体制备浓度为 6 .74 5× 10 6个 /mL。原生质体电击转化率为 0 .0 1%。PCR检测 ,2 0 0bp处有MT基因条带。蛋白检测 :转基因MT平菇ELISA检测阳性 ,表达率为 0 .6 %～ 0 .8%。SDS_PAGE显示有表达条带。Westernblot显示有阳性条带。抗ZnSO4结果 :野生型平菇抗ZnSO4浓度为 1.0mmol/L ,1.2mmol/L开始受抑制 ,转基因平菇抗ZnSO4浓度为 1.5mmol/L ,2 .0mmol/L开始受抑制。出菇试验结果表明 ,在米糠与锯沫比为 1∶3的培养基上生长 ,在米糠与锯沫比为1∶4的培养基上不生长。 2 4d菌丝可在广口瓶中长满 ,用于子实体培养。     

Synthetic Peptide-based Vaccine and Diagnostic System for Effective Control of FMD

We have designed synthetic peptides corresponding to two different regions of the genome of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) that are effective as (a) a vaccine or (b) a diagnostic reagent which differentiates convalescent from vaccinated animals, respectively. The peptide vaccine is based on a sequence from the prominent G-H loop of VP1, one of the four capsid proteins. The sequence was optimized by the inclusion of a cyclic constraint and adjoining sequences, and broader immunogenicity was obtained by the incorporation of consensus residues at hypervariable positions. The peptide also included a promiscuous T-helper epitope for effective immunogenicity in outbred populations of large animals.The diagnostic reagent, a peptide based on non-structural (NS) protein 3B, is used in immuno-assays for the detection of antibodies. Antibodies to this NS protein are present in the sera of infected animals but not in the sera of vaccinated animals. The VP1 peptide can be used in complementary immuno-assays for confirmation of NS test results and to monitor for vaccination. This system for differential diagnosis is important to establish the disease-free status of a country.     

利用超快时间分辨技术对光系统Ⅱ核心天线CP43和CP47的动力学荧光光谱的分析

采用超快时间分辨荧光光谱装置对光系统Ⅱ核心天线CP43和CP47进行了研究 ,并在 5 14.5nm激光激发下获得了它们的动力学荧光光谱。CP43和CP47的荧光光谱范围分别为 6 40～ 780nm和 6 30～ 775nm ,并且它们分别在约 6 80nm和 6 91nm处有最大峰 ,在这两个峰值处的荧光寿命分别约为 3.5 4ns和 3.2 2ns。通过理论计算认为在CP43和CP47中 ,叶绿素a的荧光发射效率分别约为 38.3%和 40 .6 %。讨论了类胡萝卜素到叶绿素a分子的能量传递 ,认为在CP43和CP47中 ,类胡萝卜素到叶绿素a分子的能量传递时间常数分别为 9.6× 10 11s-1和 1.3× 10 12s-1,能量传递效率分别为 47.5 %和 6 6 .5 % ,并且估计在这两种核心天线中 ,类胡萝卜素分子和叶绿素a分子的外周间距分别约为 0 .110nm和 0 .0 85nm。     

豌豆凝集素和血红蛋白基因对水稻的转化和表达

为了扩大根瘤菌的突破产范围和试探根瘤菌在非豆科植物上的固所为作用,将豌豆凝集素基因（pl）和Parasponia andersonii血红蛋白基因 （phb）构建在同一个植物表达载体上,用基因枪法将其导入水稻（Oryza sativa L.ssp.japonica）。经PCR扩增和Southern杂匀分析,证明外源目的基因已整合到水稻基因组中。GUS组织化学染色及豌豆凝集素基因的Western印迹实验和表达产物的原位杂交,证实外源基因在转基因水稻中表达。在40个转化植株中18株有pl和phb基因的PCR产物,得率为45％。再用18株植物做pl基因的Western blot检测,有3株有翻译表达,占40株的7.5％,18株的17％。为水稻与根瘤菌的相互作用和固氮作用的可能性研究奠定了一定的基础。     

压力室测定根系导水率方法探讨

用压力室连续测定了玉米根系长压和降压过程的导水率,结果表明,降压过程湍 得的根系导水率显著大于用升压过程的,并且前者的相关系数大于后者,这种差异是由于这两个过程中质外体途径细胞壁空间充水量不同造成的,开始升压时,由于细胞壁空间含水量低,质外体途径阻力大,导致非结构阻力;随着压力的升高,细胞壁空间含水量增大,质外体途径导度增大,减小甚至可以消除非结构阻力,降压法可以使根系快速复水,消除传统方法因长时间复水所致根结构的改变。建议用降压法测定根系导水率。     

Ovarian follicular activity in Booroola lambs with and without a fecundity gene

The ovaries of 3-month-old Booroola lambs which were heterozygous carriers of a major gene (F) influencing the ovulation rate in mature ewes (i.e. F + lambs) were compared to those ofsimilarly-aged Booroola lambs which were non-carriers of the F-gene (i.e. ++ lambs). The ovaries of the F + Booroola lambs were significantly lighter (P less than 0.01) than those of ++ lambs even though the mean +/- s.e.m. number of follicles (greater than or equal to 1 mm diam.) in the F + lambs was greater than that in the ++ lambs (i.e. F + lambs, 30.2 +/- 2.5 follicles; ++ lambs, 18.4 +/- 1.2 follicles; P less than 0.01). In granulosa cells from non-atretic follicles (greater than or equal to 1 mm diam.) from F + and ++ Booroola lambs, FSH (NIAMDD-FSH-S16) doses of 100 and 1000 ng/ml caused significant stepwise increases (P less than 0.05) in cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production compared to that achieved at FSH doses of 0 and 1 ng/ml or at any FSH dose in cells from atretic follicles. However, no significant differences in FSH-induced cAMP production were noted with regard to Booroola genotype or follicular diameter. None of the granulosa cell preparations from non-atretic follicles of 1-2.5 mm diameter from F + lambs (N = 13) or from non-atretic follicles of 1-4.5 mm diameter from ++ lambs (N = 16) responded to LH (NIAMDD-LH-S24; 10 or 1000 ng/ml) to produce significantly more cAMP than did the controls. In contrast, the granulosa cell preparations from non-atretic follicles of 3-4.5 mm diameter from F + lambs (N = 4) and from non-atretic follicles of greater than or equal to 5 mm diameter of ++ lambs (N = 4) produced significantly more cAMP (P less than 0.05) in response to LH (1000 and/or 10 ng/ml) relative to that in the controls. The theca interna from follicles of lambs of both genotypes had functional LH receptors as judged by the androstenedione responses to exogenous LH although no genotypic differences were noted. In F + lambs, the follicular fluid concentrations of testosterone but not oestradiol (i.e. in 1-4.5 mm diam. follicles) and granulosa cell aromatase activity (i.e. in 3-3.5 mm diam. follicles) were significantly higher (both P less than 0.05) than in corresponding follicles or cells from ++ lambs. Collectively the results suggest that the Booroola F-gene influences the composition and function of sheep ovaries before puberty.