方突毛瓢虫属一新种记述(鞘翅目：瓢虫科)

方突毛瓢虫属Pseudoscymnus Chapin隶属于小毛瓢虫族Scymnini,本属的主要特征为触角9节,第1,2节宽大,其余7节紧密连接成纺锤形的短棒;前胸腹板纵隆线明显,围成近于方形的纵隆区,前胸腹板侧叶于基节窝前甚狭窄;跗节3节。 本属国内分布记录有陕西,福建,台湾,广东,广西,云南。国外分布于日本、密克罗尼     

The interaction of laminin and its membrane receptor on mouse macrophage membrane studied by STM and FRAP

The variation of membrane surface and lateral diffusion of membrane protein was studied after the interaction of laminin with its membrane receptor in mouse macrophages. A pattern of membrane surface which showed smaller and bigger peaks was obtained by scanning tunneling microscope(STM), looking like the domains of lipid groups and proteins in the model of fluid mosaic biomembrane. Some even more higher and wider peaks projected out from the membrane surface in STM image after the interacting of laminin with membrane receptor were, probably, the complexes of laminin and membrane receptor. Furthermore, the decreased lateral diffusion coefficient value (D) was obtained by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) after the laminin was reacted with membrane receptor. This phenomenon provides an evidence that the complexes of laminin and its membrane receptor were located on the membrane of macrophages. So we could consider that the laminin is combined with membrane receptor leading to the variation in the properties of membrane surface.     

应用痘苗病毒载体在动物细胞中高效表达人α-瘤坏死因子cDNA及其特性的研究

构建了含不同长度的人α-肿瘤坏死因子(hTNF-a)cDNA的两种重组痘苗病毒。hTNF-α cDNA插入痘苗病毒(天坛株)的tk区,在11k启动子的控制下,表达量可达1.6×10~7U/L,如果缩短hTNF-α cDNA起始密码子ATG与启动子之间距离并去除3′端非编码区,可使hTNF-α的表达量提高3倍。表达产物的细胞毒活性可被抗hTNF-α单克隆抗体所中和,免疫沉淀产物的SDS-PAGE有一特异性17kD的蛋白条带;同时,在细胞毒活性相同的前提下,哺乳动物细胞表达的hTNF-α的抗病毒活性高于大肠杆菌表达的hTNF-α。     

Mechanism of the Anti-Influenza Functions of Guizhi Granules Based on Network Pharmacology,Molecular Docking,and in Vitro Experiments

Guizhi granules mainly treat colds and improve overall health. They are widely used in clinical practice, but their protective effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism against influenza are unclear. In this study, the therapeutic effect of Guizhi granules on influenza was verified in vitro. The active compounds, targets, and cellular pathways of Guizhi granules against influenza were predicted using network pharmacology. The protein-protein interaction and component-target networks identified 5 core targets (JUN, TNF-α, RELA, AKT1, and MAPK1) and components (dihydrocapsaicin, kumatakenin, calycosin, licochalcone A, and berberine). GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the anti-influenza pathways of Guizhi granules as antiviral and anti-inflammatory pathways. Molecular docking further verified that the core targets and components have good or strong binding activity. Therefore, the active ingredients, targets, and molecular mechanisms of Guizhi granules involved in influenza treatment were elucidated.     

混合白腐真菌的固定化及其在治理铅污染废水中的应用

【目的】为缓解重金属废水污染对全球食品安全和人类健康的威胁,降低铅(plumbum, Pb)在土壤及动植物体内的积累,借助固定化技术提高菌株的重金属去除效率。【方法】以白腐真菌(white rot fungi)为实验材料,通过混菌兼容性及铅离子(Pb²⁺)去除能力筛选出吸附效果好且兼容性优的复合菌种,探究最优混菌类型及其比例,优化菌球最佳固定化助剂配方,在此基础上深入探究菌球在实际应用中的最优吸附条件。【结果】黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、云芝(Coriolus versicolor)、凤尾菇(Lentinus sajor-caju)和平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus) 4种菌株兼容效果佳,可进行后续实验;其中云芝和凤尾菇以体积1:1混合后对Pb²⁺去除效果显著优于各单菌作用;固定化条件优化实验中,20.0 g/L海藻酸钠、15.0 g/L生物炭和2.0×10⁶个/mL白腐真菌组成混菌体系,辅以二氧化硅及沸石制得的固定化菌球在96 h Pb²⁺...     

冠突伪尾柱虫（Pseudourostyla cristata）实验再生研究

冠突伪尾柱虫(Pseudvurostyla cristata) 含约70枚大核。我们用显微手术横切G1期细胞,得前后两块相等断片;分别培养。60小时后,断片再生完成。在再生过程中,随细胞体积增大,大核数目也增加。大核的数目和细胞体积存在着一定的均衡关系。在细胞无性分裂过程中,许多大核改组后,融合成一个融合大核。这个融合大核具两个仔虫的大核数目和DNA量。我们用显微手术得到含融合大核的后断片。在后断片再生后恢复的虫体内,我们发现本应分配到两个仔虫中去的大核数目,被限制在一个虫体的大核数目上。这说明了细胞质可以影响和调节大核的数目。并还证明了这种虫体大核DNA量较正常虫的大核DNA量约多一倍。其中大部分虫体分裂时,大核不经改组就开始融合和分裂;从而使DNA量回复正常。同讨还发现小部分虫体通过排出大核多余核物质方式来调节大核DNA量。这些现象说明了细胞核质之间存在着一种调节相对平衡和相互协调的机制。     

草原革蜱生理龄期的观察

草原革蜱Dcrmacentor nuttalli分布于我国新疆、内蒙等地.苏联、蒙古亦有发现,国内外均巳证实是蜱媒斑点热的传播媒介.采用目测、解剖、切片三种方法,进行了生理龄期观察,目测法是观测蜱的腹部厚度变化,以体侧缘为纵轴线比较腹面与此线构成的距离,分成4个生理龄期;解剖法的主要指征是蜱中肠支囊体积和形态变化,马氏管内鸟嘌呤含量和支气管束等形态的变化;切片法的主要指征是中肠上皮细胞形态变化和细胞内血红蛋白颗粒和血红素的变化.三种方法比较,结果基本一致,误差在10％左右.草原革蜱在新疆阿勒泰地区自3月下旬至5月上旬绝大部分为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的强壮蜱,此时正值当地牧放季节,处于活动高峰的媒介蜱,具有重要的流行病学意义.     

褐菌瓢虫的两新种记述

我国已有分布记录的褐菌瓢虫Vibidia除十二斑菌瓢虫V.duodecimguttaia(Poda)外,通过最近整理,还发现下面的两个新种。现记述于下。模式标本存中国科学院动物研究所。 西昌褐菌瓢虫Vibidia xichangiensis Pang et Mao新种 体长:3.2毫米。体卵形,拱起。头部乳白色,口器、触角褐色。前胸背板褐色部分位于中后部,两侧乳白色,并与乳白色的前缘连接起来。小盾片褐色。鞘翅褐色,各具6个比较大形的乳白色斑,成1-2-2-1排列,靠近小盾片的斑横四边形,端斑颇大,成不规则形,各斑的直径均大于彼此间的距离。腹面及足褐色。     

Biomechanism of resistance to retinal injury in woodpecker’s eyes

Retinal injury is the most common ocular impairment associated with shaken baby syndrome(SBS), which could lead to vision loss and blindness. However, a woodpecker does not develop retinal hemorrhages or detachment even at a high acceleration of 1,000×g during pecking. To understand the mechanism of retinal injury and its resistance strategy, we put insight into the special ability of the woodpecker to protect the retina against damage under acceleration–deceleration impact. In this study, the structural and mechanical differences on the eyes of the woodpecker and human were analyzed quantitatively based on anatomical observation. We developed finite element eye models of the woodpecker and human to evaluate the dynamic response of the retina to the shaking load obtained from experimental data. Moreover, several structural parameters and mechanical conditions were exchanged between the woodpecker and human to evaluate their effects on retinal injury in SBS. The simulation results indicated that scleral ossification, lack of vitreoretinal attachment, and rotational acceleration–deceleration impact loading in a woodpecker contribute to the resistance to retinal injuries during pecking. The above mentioned special physical structures and mechanical behavior can distribute the high strain in the posterior segment of the woodpecker's retina, which decrease the risk of retinal injury to SBS.     

中-老交通走廊核心区生态廊道构建与关键节点识别

中-老交通走廊建设在促进中国与东盟国家互联互通的同时,也会对区域生态安全造成巨大压力;构建生态廊道对于修复破碎景观、保护生物多样性具有十分重要的意义。基于"源地-廊道-节点"的研究框架,结合生态系统服务、景观连通性和生态敏感性3个指标划分生态斑块等级,综合考虑生态斑块等级和中-老交通走廊核心区重点保护物种活动特性识别重要生态源地,利用DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据改进基于地类赋值的基本生态阻力系数,运用最小累积阻力模型判定生态廊道走向,并结合水文分析方法和Google Erath判定关键生态节点。研究表明:①中-老交通走廊核心区生态源地面积为20243.74 km~2,占研究区总面积的14.13%,以林地、灌木为主要土地覆被类型,主要分布在云南省的普洱市以及老挝的琅南塔省和乌多姆塞省。②生态廊道总长度为3645.81 km,其中关键廊道长度为1397.78 km,主要分布在普洱市和乌多姆塞省,生态廊道与生态源地大致构成了一个环形闭合区域,能够有效促进生物物种迁徙和物质能量交流。③关键生态节点中战略点有5处,断裂点有9处,暂歇点有16处。