Functional data analysis with covariate-dependent mean and covariance structures

Functional data analysis has emerged as a powerful tool in response to the ever-increasing resources and efforts devoted to collecting information about response curves or anything that varies over a continuum. However, limited progress has been made with regard to linking the covariance structures of response curves to external covariates, as most functional models assume a common covariance structure. We propose a new functional regression model with covariate-dependent mean and covariance structures. Particularly, by allowing variances of random scores to be covariate-dependent, we identify eigenfunctions for each individual from the set of eigenfunctions that govern the variation patterns across all individuals, resulting in high interpretability and prediction power. We further propose a new penalized quasi-likelihood procedure that combines regularization and B-spline smoothing for model selection and estimation and establish the convergence rate and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators. The utility of the developed method is demonstrated via simulations, as well as an analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children concerning parental effects on the growth curves of their offspring, which yields biologically interesting results.     

基于响应面分析的高抗原活性猪水肿病大肠杆菌疫苗培养基的研制及效果评价

【背景】猪水肿病大肠杆菌引发的疾病造成了很大的危害,但现有培养基存在培养密度低的问题。【目的】研制出高抗原活性猪水肿病大肠杆菌疫苗培养基。【方法】以常用的市售猪水肿培养基为对照,通过单因素试验、爬坡试验(Plackett-Burman, PB)、响应面(Box-Behnken, BB)试验对猪水肿培养基进行响应面优化,得到猪水肿培养基最优配方。以响应面试验得到的培养基培养猪水肿病大肠杆菌,评价不同培养时间点菌株的抗原活性,制作灭活疫苗,进行动物免疫保护试验。【结果】对研制的培养基进行扩大培养验证,发现扩大培养得到的菌株活菌数可达5×10⁹ CFU/mL以上,约为对照组的2倍。制备的灭活疫苗效价可达1:140 000,并在9 h时抗原蛋白效价达到最高。【结论】本研究研制出的疫苗培养基显著提高了猪大肠杆菌菌体密度,并可提高菌体抗原活性,为猪水肿病灭活疫苗的制备提供了技术指引。     

Partition of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems containing charged dextran or hydrophobic PEG

Summary The electrochemical effect of a charged dextran derivative and the hydrophobic effect of hydrophobic chain PEG derivative on partitioning of six types of proteins in PEG/dextran aqueous two-phase systems were investigated- When 1. 6%(w/w)DEAE-dextran was present in the system,the partition coefficient decreased quickly with increasing pH value;when 0. 4% (w/w)PEG pentadecanoic acid ester was present in the system, the partition coefficient of protein with strong hydrophobicity was greatly increased. The experimental results show that the influence of hydrocarbon chain PEG derivative on partition coefficient is closely related to the hydrophobicity of proteins.     

90d模拟失重大鼠动脉压力反射反应性的改变

本工作研究了90d模拟失重大鼠动脉压力反射反应性的改变。即以血管活性药物变动平均动脉压(MAP),并同时记录反射性心率(HR)变化,采用非线性曲线拟合方法,定量评价清醒大鼠的动脉压力反射反应性的特征参数的改变。同时还利用受体阻断实验,观察迷走和交感神经成分在压力反射活动中的贡献。结果表明:模拟失重大鼠MAP-HR反应曲线向右上方移位,心率低限坪值升高,血压调节范围变窄,静态工作点升高。当心得安阻断β受体后,悬吊组大鼠压力感受性心率反射的平均增益及心率反应范围均高于对照组,提示模拟失重大鼠反射活动中迷走作用增强。     

油茶籽饼抗真菌活性成分的研究

从油茶籽饼中已经分离得到一种新的抗真菌活性成分油茶皂甙A,被鉴定为齐墩果烷型的五环三萜皂甙,它的mp为258～260℃,[α]_D~(27)=-20°(C=1％,80％EtOH),体外试验研究表明油茶皂甙A有较强的抑制真菌作用,对红包毛癣菌、石膏样癣菌、断发癣菌、黄癣菌、紫色癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌的MIC为0.125～1.000mg/ml,对白色念珠菌的MIC为0.0625～0.2500mg/ml。     

一种重组人α1型干扰素突变体IFN-α1/86D的纯化与鉴定

本文研究了重组人α1型干扰素突变体IFN-α1/86D在摇瓶培养和分批发酵培养的重组大肠杆菌DH5α株中的表达动态,并采用阳离子交换层析和抗α1型干扰素单克隆抗体亲和层析的两步流程对其进行了纯化,得到SDS-PAGE纯及高效液相层析(HPLC)纯的IFN-α1/86D产品,共比活性为2.3×10~7单位/毫克蛋白。N端氨基酸序列测定的结果表明,纯化产品的纯度在95％以上,但其N端不均一,产品中含有两种N端序列正确的IFN-α1/86D活性分子,即约75％为去Met分子和约25％为带Met分子。     

燕山地区白头翁生境伴生植物资源调查与分析

调查与白头翁共存的伴生植物种类、相似性、生活型、分布区类型等,探讨其生态适应性和地理分布规律,针对性地提出白头翁资源保护利用建议,以期为燕山地区白头翁种质资源的保护和利用提供参考。采用访问调查、路线调查和典型样地调查法,对燕山地区白头翁生境伴生植物进行调查与分析。燕山地区从冀东的秦皇岛地区到冀北的承德地区都有白头翁的分布,多生于向阳的山地草坡上,喜光、耐旱、适于阳生性环境。白头翁生境伴生植物共56科128属164种,主要优势科为菊科（Compositae）、豆科（Leguminosae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、唇形科（Labiatae）、百合科（Liliaceae）、毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）、萝藦科（Asclepiadaceae）等,其中乔木共5科5属7种,灌木共22科38属46种,草本植物共35科85属111种。调查的各样地间相似系数普遍较低,说明燕山地区不同地区白头翁生境差别较大,其伴生植物具有多样性的特点。伴生植物属的分布区类型可分为14个,群落具有明显温带性质。燕山地区白头翁生境多样性及伴生植物的多样性,反映出燕山地区白头翁生态适应多样性特点,有利于其引种栽培。     

Differences between migrasome,a ‘new organelle’, and exosome

The migrasome is a new organelle discovered by Professor Yu Li in 2015. When cells migrate, the membranous organelles that appear at the end of the retraction fibres are migrasomes. With the migration of cells, the retraction fibres which connect migrasomes and cells finally break. The migrasomes detach from the cell and are released into the extracellular space or directly absorbed by the recipient cell. The cytoplasmic contents are first transported to the migrasome and then released from the cell through the migrasome. This release mechanism, which depends on cell migration, is named ‘migracytosis’. The main components of the migrasome are extracellular vesicles after they leave the cell, which are easy to remind people of the current hot topic of exosomes. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles wrapped by the lipid bimolecular layer. With extensive research, exosomes have solved many disease problems. This review summarizes the differences between migrasomes and exosomes in size, composition, property and function, extraction method and regulation mechanism for generation and release. At the same time, it also prospects for the current hotspot of migrasomes, hoping to provide literature support for further research on the generation and release mechanism of migrasomes and their clinical application in the future.     

小兴安岭兴安落叶松泥炭藓沼泽植物的主要微量元素

小兴安岭兴安落叶松、泥炭藓沼泽是我国典型贫营养型沼泽。沼泽中树木生长发育不良,泥炭藓和常绿小灌木发育十分良好。这与沼泽水文状况和泥炭中营养元素和微量元素有关。各种植物的主要微量元素硼、铜、钴、锰、锌等含量不同,植物的不同器官中的含量亦不同,而且随季节而变化。狭叶杜香和甸杜的主要微量元素含量特点及其季节变化规律基本相似,两种泥炭藓相似,都与兴安落叶松有明显的区别。 本文重点探讨植物体内主要微量元素及其含量变化规律,为揭示贫营养型森林沼泽生态、为合理利用与改造沼泽提供依据。     

Steel Anti-Corrosion Strategy Enables Long-Cycle Zn Anode

The progress of aqueous zinc batteries (AZBs) is limited by the poor cycling life due to Zn anode instability, including dendrite growth, surface corrosion, and passivation. Inspired by the anti-corrosion strategy of steel industry, a compounding corrosion inhibitor (CCI) is employed as the electrolyte additive for Zn metal anode protection. It is shown that CCI can spontaneously generate a uniform and ≈30 nm thick solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on Zn anode with a strong adhesion via Zn O bonding. This SEI layer efficiently prohibits water corrosion and guides homogeneous Zn deposition without obvious dendrite formation. This enables reversible Zn deposition and dissolution for over 1100 h under the condition of 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻² in symmetric cells. The Zn-MnO₂ full cells with CCI-modified electrolyte deliver an ultralow capacity decay rate (0.013% per cycle) at 0.5 A g⁻¹ over 1000 cycles. Such an innovative strategy paves a low-cost way to achieve AZBs with long lifespan.