Factors influencing erythrocyte choline concentrations

Choline concentrations in human erythrocytes increase after freezing and thawing, during incubation in Krebs-phosphate for 30 min or on storage at 0 degrees C for 3-24 hr. The increase is prevented by protein precipitation by 10% perchloric acid, 10% zinc hydroxide, 10% sodium tungstate or boiling in water. It is not prevented by EDTA (10 mM) and is increased by oleate (5 mM). We suggest that the increase is due to the action of phospholipase D on erythrocyte phospholipids.     

睾丸间质细胞—研究自体吞噬的一种正常细胞模型

In the present study, we tried to estimate, in a semiquantitative way, the relative frequency of the autophagic activity in various cell types under physiological condition. The results indicated that the highest activity appeared to be in the Leydig cells of rat testes. Autophagosomes were frequently observed in electron microscope photographs of Leydig cells, which provide a good model to study the autophagocytosis in normal cells. The autophagic process in Leydig cells was observed with the electron microscope in preparations treated to show CMPase activity. The mode of formation of autophagosomes in Leydig cells can be divided into three steps. Step 1, flattened membranous elements expand to enclose a small cytoplasmic territory to form pre-autophagosome. Step 2, The double membrane profile of the pre-autophagosome then completely encloses the cytoplasmic territory to form early autophagosome in which structurally normal organelles are contained. Step 3, the transformation of an early autophagosome into a late one is accompanied by the loss of one of the two delimiting membranes, the partial disintegration of the enclosed content and simultaneous acquisition of acid phosphatase activity. The enzymatic reactivity is acquired following a close association with the lysosomes. The late autophagosome then reaches the cell surface and appear to exocytose their residual content.     

Distinct functional roles of the two intracellular phosphatase like domains of the receptor-linked protein tyrosine phosphatases LCA and LAR.

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by both protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Recently, the structures of a family of PTPases have been described. In order to study the structure-function relationships of receptor-linked PTPases, we analyzed the effects of deletion and point mutations within the cytoplasmic region of the receptor-linked PTPases, LCA and LAR. We show that the first of the two domains has enzyme activity by itself, and that one cysteine residue in the first domain of both LCA and LAR is absolutely required for activity. The second PTPase like domains do not have detectable catalytic activity using a variety of substrates, but sequences within the second domains influence substrate specificity. The functional significance of a stretch of 10 highly conserved amino acid residues surrounding the critical cysteine residue located in the first domain of LAR was assessed. At most positions, any substitution severely reduced enzyme activity, while missense mutations at the other positions tested could be tolerated to varying degrees depending on the amino acid substitution. It is suggested that this stretch of amino acids may be part of the catalytic center of PTPases.     

试论云阳县人口激增与土地锐减的矛盾及对策

土地是人们赖以生存的物质基础,是其它任何东西不可代替的生产资料。离开了土地,人就不能生存下去,这是众所周知的真理。但是,目前人口的激增与土地锐减的矛盾越来越尖锐。据有关统计资料表明,1978—1988年全国耕地面积减少3.66×10~6ha,与此同时全国人口又猛增1.33亿,给农业粮食生产、     

ESR检测大鼠肺巨噬细胞释放的活性氧自由基

用ESR捕捉技术检测大鼠AM释放的活性氧自由基的性质表明:1.PMA和BCG均能刺激AM产生较强的OH·;能刺激人末稍血白细胞释放活性氧自由基的ConA和顺铂在本实验条件下未能使AM产生活性氧自由基信号。2.经膜活性剂PMA刺激的AM所释放活性氧自由基的高峰在刺激后2min,而经颗粒性物质BCG刺激,AM释放自由基的高峰时间明显后移。3.测试体系中的AM数过多或过少都不适合捕捉ESR信号。在本实验条件下,捕捉到最高自由基信号的AM终浓度为5×10⁷AM/ml。4.测试体系中存在DETAPAC或EDTA,可使捕捉到的自由基信号明显增强。     

小鼠LAK细胞对红系祖细胞及多向造血祖细胞增殖的影响

小鼠脾细胞经重组人白细胞介素-2(rhIL-2)激活后对YAC-1,LP-3和WEHI-164等肿瘤细胞均有很强的杀伤活性。在CFU-E和BFU-E培养体系中,不同浓度LAK细胞与BMC直接加入或预温育4h后再培养,均能加强CFU-E和BFU-E增殖。低浓度LAK细胞(LAK/BMC为0.5)与BMC直接加入或预温育后再加入CFU-mix培养体系中,均能增强CFU-mix增殖,而高浓度LAK细胞和BMC(LAK/BMC=8.0)直接加入培养体系则抑制CFU-mix增殖;若共温育后再培养则非常明显地抑制CFU-mix增殖,CFU-mix仅为对照的17.6％。小鼠LAK细胞对造血祖细胞体外增殖具有调节作用,这种调节可能包括分泌某些细胞因子以及细胞间直接相互作用两种方式。     

家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射乙酰胆碱对血压和心率的影响

将乙酰胆碱(ACh)注入麻醉家兔脊髓蛛网膜下腔,观察其对心血管活动的影响。结果表明:(1)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射50～100μg ACh可使血压下降,心率减慢;(2)预先由脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射阿托品,可阻断ACh引起的降压和降心率作用;(3)脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射六甲双铵、酚妥拉明或心得安均不能阻断上述ACh的心血管反应;(4)切断两侧颈部迷走神经,ACh不再使心率减慢,但其降低血压的作用不受到任何影响。 脊髓中ACh水平升高可通过激活胆碱能M-受体引起血压下降和心率减慢。ACh的这种降压作用既没有中枢肾上腺素能受体活动参与,也不是通过迷走神经实现的,可能是由于脊髓交感血管中枢紧张性降低所造成的。     

中华猕猴桃胚乳植株后代的观察

对438株定植的中华猕猴桃胚乳培.养的试管苗,经四年的田间观察,并进行连续二年结果分析。与对照的母株相比,胚乳植株在株形、叶片大小、果实形态及果实的主要营养成分含量上都有较大的变化。同时还发现,由同一块愈伤组织诱导的胚乳试管苗后代中也有雌、雄性别的分化。胚乳植株后代的多样性,可为中华猕猴桃的选种及品种繁育提供丰富的材料。     

温度对草鱼出血病影响的初步探讨

将鱼呼肠孤病毒(FRV)感染的草鱼饲养在人工控温的水族箱内,水温在24—30℃恒温时其死亡率无显著差异(P>0.05),而在20℃和33℃恒温时死亡率则明显降低,与24℃—30℃恒温相比死亡率有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。人工感染恒温饲养期间,死亡高峰期随水温降低而推迟,缓慢改变水温能降低死亡率,在低于20℃攻毒并维持一星期左右,即使逐步升温至30℃也不会导致感染鱼的大批死亡。     

汉坦病毒结构蛋白的鉴定及其应用

对差速离心纯化的汉坦病毒R84-1毒株进行了SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹试验。发现有67k和43k两条蛋白区带能与汉坦病毒抗体起反应。经单克隆抗体鉴定,67k多肽可能属病毒囊膜蛋白,43k多肽未定。用免疫印迹法对出血热患者进行检测,初步证明野鼠型感染者具有上述两种蛋白抗原的抗体,大鼠型患者仅具有67k蛋白的抗体,这对出血热患者血清学分型有重要意义。