定量电子束显微分析中生物薄样品的质量损失

对多种生物薄样品和标样进行电子探针X射线能谱显微定量分析,分别以电子束轰击后样品的O Kα峰计数和介于4.2-6.2keV区间的连续X－射线计数变化监测质量损失,结果显示样品O Kα峰计数减少幅度大于连续X－射线计数减少幅度,在相同的分析条件下,各样品质量损失程度不相同（P＜0.05）。培养肝癌细胞冷冻干燥超薄切片、明胶冷冻干燥超薄切片、BSA薄膜、氨基塑料超薄切片、红细胞冷冻干燥超薄切片和卵黄高磷蛋白薄膜样品的质量损失分别为33％、28％、26％、18％、13％和13％,以上结果提示：以O Kα峰计数的减少监测样品的质量损失较敏感,在进行生物薄试样定量EPMA时应对各样品的质量损失进行相应校正。     

甾体1，4-脱氢和11α-羟基化反应的两种不同微生物转化

Two kinds of micro-organism, Arthrobacter sp. AX86(1,4-dehdrogenator)and Absidia sp. A28(11α-hydroxylator) were used in this experiment. Two different fermentation techniques were performed to accomplish the multiple conversional reactions for producing 16β-methyl-11α, 17α, 21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (Ⅲ) from 16β-methyl-3β, 17α,21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnane-20-one-21-acetate(1) 1)To produce product(Ⅲ)by means of a two-step fermentation method which were independently performed first by Arthrobacter and next by Abslaia, and 2)the product was obtained by a sequential fermentation system of aforesaid two micro-organisms in a single fermentor without isolation of the intermediates from the mixture. Our results showed that in both fermentation systems high yield of product was obtained. However, according to the technical simplicity, shorter duration of fermentation cycle and efficient yield of product, the second method is better than the first one.     

Desflurane consumption during automated closed-circuit delivery is higher than when a conventional anesthesia machine is used with a simple vaporizer-O2-N2O fresh gas flow sequence

Background

Current analgesics have drawbacks such as delays in acquisition, lag-times for effect, and side effects. We recently presented a preliminary report of a new analgesic method involving a two-minute sciatic nerve press, which resulted in immediate short-term relief of pain associated with dental and renal diseases. The present study investigated whether this technique was effective for pain associated with other disease types, and whether the relief was effective for up to one hour.

Methods

This randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted in four hospitals in Anhui Province, China. Patients with pain were sequentially recruited by participating physicians during clinic visits, and 135 patients aged 15 – 80 years were enrolled. Dental disease patients included those with acute pulpitis and periapical abscesses. Renal disease patients included those with kidney infections and/or stones. Tumor patients included those with nose, breast, stomach and liver cancers, while Emergency Room patients had various pathologies. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a "sciatic nerve press" in which pressure was applied simultaneously to the sciatic nerves at the back of both thighs, or a "placebo press" in which pressure was applied to a parallel region on the front of the thighs. Each fist applied a pressure of 11 – 20 kg for 2 minutes. Patients rated their level of pain before and after the procedure.

Results

The "sciatic nerve press" produced immediate relief of pain in all patient groups. Emergency patients reported a 43.5% reduction in pain (p < 0.001). Significant pain relief for dental, renal and tumor patients lasted for 60 minutes (p < 0.001). The peak pain relief occurred at the 10 – 20^th minutes, and the relief decreased 47% by the 60^th minutes.

Conclusion

Two minutes of pressure on both sciatic nerves produced immediate significant short-term conduction analgesia. This technique is a convenient, safe and powerful method for the short-term treatment of clinical pain associated with a diverse range of pathologies.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials ACTRN012606000439549     

Genetic diversity of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax parasites from the western Brazilian Amazon

The molecular basis of Plasmodium vivax chloroquine (CQ) resistance is still unknown. Elucidating the molecular background of parasites that are sensitive or resistant to CQ will help to identify and monitor the spread of resistance. By genotyping a panel of molecular markers, we demonstrate a similar genetic variability between in vitro CQ-resistant and sensitive phenotypes of P. vivax parasites. However, our studies identified two loci (MS8 and MSP1-B10) that could be used to discriminate between both CQ-susceptible phenotypes among P. vivax isolates in vitro. These preliminary data suggest that microsatellites may be used to identify and to monitor the spread of P. vivax-resistance around the world.     

地塞美松中间体的C1,4脱氢和11α-羟基化

地塞美松 (Ｄｅｘａｍｅｔｈａｓｏｎｅ)为高效肾上腺皮质激素药物 ,临床上广泛使用。开拓用梯可吉宁 (Ｔｉｇｏｇｅｎｉｎ)为起始原料生产从化学结构和合成技术上讲较为合理 ,而且适合于资源综合利用[1] 。在合成过程中 ,除了Ａ环需引入Ｃ1,2 和Ｃ4 ,5两个双键 (含Ｃ-3 羟基氧化 )外 ,还需用微生物法在Ｃ-11位引入羟基。国外常采用化学法脱氢 ,然后再用霉菌 11α 羟基化[2 ,3 ] 。本文报道用两类微生物菌种 ,节杆菌 (Ａｒｔｈｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐ .)ＡＸ86和绿僵菌 (Ｍｅｔａｒｈｉｚｉｕｍｓｐ .)Ｍ 88,混合转化一步完成脱氢和羟基化反应…