吸烟对呼吸道感染患者的微生态影响

呼吸道感染是常见病多发病,而呼吸道感染可导致微生态失调。有报道,宿主的任何病理变化都可作为生态失调的微观环境因素。微观环境对正常微生物群的影响是直接的;而且是主要的。为此,我们对吸烟和被动吸烟者的微生态变化及呼吸道感染患者微生态的变化以及二者之间的关系进行了研究。以进一步探讨吸烟对呼吸道感染患者直接或间接的影响。研究结果表明,吸烟及被动吸烟者患反复呼吸道感染的年发生率明显高于不吸烟者。健康对照组与患者口咽部菌群数相比有显著差异,无论是吸烟还是不吸烟的患者菌群含量均高于健康对照组（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明,吸烟不仅有害于自身健康,而且危害被动吸烟者,其对呼吸道微生态的影响都是一致的,即可导致微生态失调,从而导致呼吸道疾病     

Control of stem cell fate by engineering their micro and nanoenvironment

Stem cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and differentiation into specialised cell types, making them an ideal candidate for a cell source for regenerative medicine. The control of stem cell fate has become a major area of interest in the field of regenerative medicine and therapeutic intervention. Conventional methods of chemically inducing stem cells into specific lineages is being challenged by the advances in biomaterial technology, with evidence highlighting that material properties are capable of driving stem cell fate. Materials are being designed to mimic the clues stem cells receive in their in vivo stem cell niche including topographical and chemical instructions. Nanotopographical clues that mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM) in vivo have shown to regulate stem cell differentiation. The delivery of ECM components on biomaterials in the form of short peptides sequences has also proved successful in directing stem cell lineage. Growth factors responsible for controlling stem cell fate in vivo have also been delivered via biomaterials to provide clues to determine stem cell differentiation. An alternative approach to guide stem cells fate is to provide genetic clues including delivering DNA plasmids and small interfering RNAs via scaffolds. This review, aims to provide an overview of the topographical, chemical and molecular clues that biomaterials can provide to guide stem cell fate. The promising features and challenges of such approaches will be highlighted, to provide directions for future advancements in this exciting area of stem cell translation for regenerative medicine.     

双特异性抗体在肿瘤治疗中的研究

双特异性抗体(bispecific antibody,BsAb)有两个抗原结合位点,其中一个位点可与靶细胞表面抗原结合,另一个位点则可与载荷物(如效应细胞,分子等)结合。将BsAb应用于肿瘤治疗,发挥抗肿瘤效应的思想已有二十多年历史,随着对效应细胞生物学了解的加深和抗体工程的飞速发展,各种形式的BsAb相继出现,多种BsAb药物已进入临床初期试验或治疗使用阶段。本文就BsAb的各种新形式及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用新进展作简要概述。     

病毒感染中的“双刃剑”——热激蛋白70

热激蛋白70(heat shock protein,Hsp70)是目前最为受人们关注的一类蛋白质因子,从低等细菌到高等人类中普遍存在,它结构保守、功能多样。Hsp70像是生物有机体的"防弹衣",使生物体在饥饿、酷热、氧化、感染等条件下避开不利因素的攻击;同时,它也是病菌、病毒等攻击寄主时的"作案工具",所以我们可以称之为细胞的"双刃剑"。本文主要对Hsp70的结构以及病毒感染过程中的"双刃"作用情况进行了综述。     

Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata:Do they function to camouflage the spiders?

Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this s...     

雌激素快速影响大鼠发育期海马NMDA受体活性的机制

为了探讨雌激素对发育期大鼠海马NMDA受体活性的快速影响,对出生后18d的雄性大鼠进行苯甲酸雌二醇皮下注射,1h后用WesternBlot检测海马NMDA受体NR1和NR2B亚基、雌激素β受体、ERK1/2蛋白的表达,以及NR2B和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平;并通过海马内给予雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780和MEK1/2抑制剂U0126预处理,进一步分析苯甲酸雌二醇影响NR2B和ERK1/2磷酸化的作用机制。结果显示,苯甲酸雌二醇不影响NR1、NR2B、ERβ和ERK1/2的表达,但能快速增强NR2B和ERK1/2的磷酸化水平。雌激素受体拮抗剂ICI182,780和MEK1/2抑制剂U0126均能明显抑制苯甲酸雌二醇诱导的NR2B和ERK1/2磷酸化水平的增加。以上结果提示,雌激素可能通过雌激素受体的非基因组机制激活ERK/MAPK信号转导通路,快速诱导NMDA受体NR2B亚基磷酸化,激活NMDA受体。     

微流控技术对细胞微环境的模拟及应用研究

细胞微环境是一个多因素组成的、时空可变的复杂集合,对细胞的行为和功能发挥起着决定性作用。但传统的细胞生物学研究方法很难在体外为细胞提供这样一个复杂的、微尺度的生长环境,致使许多体外研究结果与在体情况相差甚远。近年来,微流控技术与细胞培养技术的结合为细胞微环境的模拟和控制提供了可能。文章通过提炼微环境的重要参数及其特征,介绍微流控技术是如何满足这些参数的需求,探讨了微流控技术在体外模拟细胞微环境的可行性,并总结了近年来该技术在微环境体外模拟研究中取得的成果,对微流控技术在细胞微环境构建中的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

围产期食物限制对子代成年大鼠海马CA1区突触可塑性的影响

围产期食物限制导致子代大鼠学习和记忆能力等的神经生物学变化,但其机制并不清楚。将成年Wistar雌性大鼠与雄性大鼠同笼,受孕后随机分为对照组 (n=9) 和食物限制组 (n=8) 。对照组母鼠在妊娠期和哺乳期自由进食和饮水,食物限制组母鼠从妊娠的第7天到子代大鼠出生后21天进行食物限制,食物限制量为对照组大鼠的50%。子代雄性大鼠成年后,通过Morris 水迷宫测试空间学习和记忆能力。之后,在海马CA1区在体记录场兴奋性突触后电位 (field excitatory postsynaptic potential,fEPSP),并采用免疫组织化学方法观察海马CA1区神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS) 阳性细胞密度的变化。结果表明,围产期食物限制降低了子代大鼠出生后第1、7、10、14和21天的体重,并减弱了成年子代大鼠的学习和记忆能力,海马CA1区fEPSP的斜率和nNOS阳性细胞的密度也明显降低。结果提示,围产期食物限制可能通过抑制NO的产生降低了海马突触可塑性,从而影响了子代大鼠的学习和记忆能力。     

黔东北志留纪兰多维列世的似发珊瑚属(Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974)新资料

Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974具有典型的包珊瑚型隔壁,是包珊瑚科的主要分子。该属广泛分布于上扬子区志留纪兰多维列世地层。首次对采自贵州石阡中兰多维列世(Llandovery)爱隆期(Aeronian)香树园组和雷家屯组的大量Pilophyllia Ge et Y,1974标本进行详细研究,经鉴定,共计有9种,其中包括6新种,1未定种,它们是:Pilophyllia simplex Chen,1986,P.fenggangensis Ge et Y,1974,P.vesiculosa Tang sp.nov.,P.conica Tang sp.nov.,P.ultimuma Tang sp.nov.,P.stylaris Tangsp.nov.,P.raritabulata Tangsp.nov.,P.lei-jiatunensis Tang sp.nov.,Pilophyllia sp.。此外,根据新的研究材料补充和修订Pilophyllia部分属征,并将石阡地区香树园组和雷家屯组的Pilophyllia种群特征与川北、陕南宁强组(Telychian阶)的进行比较。