不同利用方式土地秋季大型土壤动物群落结构

为了解不同利用方式土地的大型土壤动物群落结构,于2004年10-11月对浙江省金华市市区北部7种土地,即农田(P)、菜园(K)、果园(O)、荒地(W)、庭院(Y)、草皮绿地(L)和建筑工地(B)进行垂直(上、中、下3层)取样,共获得大型土壤动物1 161只,隶属3门8纲20目.分析表明大型土壤动物群落优势类群为近孔寡毛目、膜翅目,常见类群为蜘蛛目、双尾目、正蚓目、等足目、柄眼目、鞘翅目、鳞翅目和双翅目,其他均为稀有类群.大型土壤动物群落的群落复杂性指数(C)为O>K>W>B>L>P>Y,Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)为L>B>W>K>O>P>Y,C比H′更好体现了群落的复杂性与多样性.垂直分布显示大型土壤动物具明显的表聚现象.根据大型土壤动物群落聚类和排序的结果,可将7种土地分为3组,即强干扰无植被组、草本种植组和果园组,显示了大型土壤动物对不同土地利用方式的响应情况.     

二化螟与作物的相互关系及其影响因素

二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)与作物在漫长的进化史中相互作用和影响,了解二化螟与其寄主的相互作用机制及其影响因素是防治二化螟的重要前提。二化螟在对寄主的选择中有明显的选择行为,而主要寄主之一的水稻由于品种、耕作制度的变更也给二化螟带来了很大的影响;微观技术的介入使得二化螟与作物相互关系的研究进入了新的发展时期。文章从宏观和微观2个角度对二化螟与作物的相互作用及其影响因素进行了探讨,并且对它们的相互作用及其影响因素需深入研究的方向提出了建议。     

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in normal and pathological lung

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins that can transport a wide variety of substrates across biological membranes in an energy-dependent manner. Many ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are highly expressed in bronchial epithelium. This review aims to give new insights in the possible functions of ABC molecules in the lung in view of their expression in different cell types. Furthermore, their role in protection against noxious compounds, e.g. air pollutants and cigarette smoke components, will be discussed as well as the (mal)function in normal and pathological lung. Several pulmonary drugs are substrates for ABC transporters and therefore, the delivery of these drugs to the site of action may be highly dependent on the presence and activity of many ABC transporters in several cell types. Three ABC transporters are known to play an important role in lung functioning. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene can cause cystic fibrosis, and mutations in ABCA1 and ABCA3 are responsible for respectively Tangier disease and fatal surfactant deficiency. The role of altered function of ABC transporters in highly prevalent pulmonary diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have hardly been investigated so far. We especially focused on polymorphisms, knock-out mice models and in vitro results of pulmonary research. Insight in the function of ABC transporters in the lung may open new ways to facilitate treatment of lung diseases.     

Modeling Sorption of Cd,Hg and Pb in Soils by the NICA-Donnan Model

Metal adsorption is an important process at the soil-solution interface that controls metal bioavailability and toxicity. In this study, batch adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the binding of Cd, Hg and Pb in soils collected from around metal smelters in Quebec and Ontario, Canada. It was found that soil organic matter enhanced the retention of Cd, Hg and Pb. Assuming that the surfaces of soil particles behaved similarly to organic matter, we used the Non-Ideal Competitive Adsorption (NICA)-Donnan model to derive the parameters for surface complexation of the three metals. The shape of the Cd, Hg and Pb adsorption isotherms are briefly discussed with respect to the results of the experimental measurements and the model predictions. The average values of the NICA-Donnan model parameters could be used to give reasonable predictions of metal sorption in the soils of this study.     

乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段与hsp70肽连接区融合酵母表达载体的构建

构建乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70（Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein70,Mt．hsp70）的肽连接区（Binding domain）基因融合表达载体,利用酵母表达系统,为下一步研究肽连接区是否能增强乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段的免疫原性作准备。以酵母表达载体pPICZα-A为基本单位构建,以酶切位点BamHI连接这2个基因,用电穿孔法转化酵母X-33,Zeocin平板筛选重组子,经甲醇诱导表达后,SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物。E蛋白主要抗原片段与hsp70肽连接区的融合表达载体构建成功,SDS—PAGE显示,其相对分子质量为68kDa,与实际大小相符且为分泌表达,表达量约为97mg／L,经Western印迹验证,抗原性较好。将用同样的酵母表达载体表达的乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段（另文发表）与上述融合蛋白均以50pmol的量分别对6～8周龄的BALB／c小鼠进行腹膜内注射,3周后进行第二次免疫,从淋巴细胞的增殖和抗体滴度两个方面进行比较,最后得出E—BD融合蛋白在免疫效果方面比乙脑E蛋白主要抗原片段效果要好,在试验中肽连接区可以增强乙型脑炎E蛋白主要抗原片段的免疫原性。     

Programmed Cell Death in Relation to Petal Senescence in Ornamental Plants

Cell death is a common event in all types of plant organisms. Understanding the phenomenon of programmed cell death (PCD) is an important area of research for plant scientists because of its role in senescence and the post-harvest quality of ornamentals, fruits, and vegetables. In the present paper, PCD in relation to petal senescence in ornamental plants is reviewed. Morphological, anatomical, physiological,and biochemical changes that are related to PCD in petals, such as water content, sink-source relationships,hormones, genes, and signal transduction pathways, are discussed, Several approaches to improving the quality of post-harvest ornamentals are reviewed and some prospects for future research are given.     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳(N)蛋白不同区域的原核表达

利用大肠杆菌表达系统对SARS冠状病毒的核衣壳(N)蛋白全长及N末端或／和C末端缺失突变体进行了表达,共表达了39个重组蛋白,表达量在15％～30％之间。分别利用电洗脱或金属鳌合介质纯化重组蛋白,用蛋白印迹实验检测纯化蛋白对SARS病人恢复期血清的反应性,结果发现全长N蛋白活性最好,其余的末端缺失蛋白均无法达到同—：活性水平。由此说明N蛋白的完整性对于其优势表位的充分暴露是必要的。     

痢疾杆菌酸抗性系统相关基因缺失突变体的构建

依赖于谷氨酸脱羧酶的酸抗性系统对痢疾杆菌在宿主细胞内的生存和繁殖至关重要,hdeA、hdeB、yhiE和yhiF是其中几个重要的酸抗性基因。借助Red系统的重组功能,PCR扩增两翼与目的基因上下游同源的抗性基因片段,电击转化痢疾杆菌2457T,对筛选到的阳性转化子再导入编码FLP位点特异性重组酶的质粒pCP20以去除抗性基因。结果成功的敲除了hdeA、hdeB、yhiE和yhiF等4个酸抗性系统相关基因,为深入研究痢疾杆菌酸抗性基因的调控网络奠定了基础.     

白菜核雄性不育花药超微结构的研究

对白菜核雄性不育两用系的可育与不育花药进行了超微结构的比较观察。结果显示不育花药的造孢细胞核仁靠边分布;包裹小孢子母细胞的胼胝质厚薄不均匀,不完整等早期异常现象。减数分裂后．四分体细胞中常有多个细胞核。从四分体释放出的小孢子外壁的孢粉素物质不均匀沉积,呈不连续的单层异常结构。最后小孢子通过细胞质收缩方式败育。在可育花药中．绒毡层细胞在小孢子发育后期已显示出退化迹象,同时在细胞中开始积累脂类物质。但在同时期的不育花药中．绒毡层细胞没有显示出退化的迹象,也不合成脂类物质。从时间上看,败育花药中小孢子母细胞及小孢子的异常在先,绒毡层细胞的异常在后。本研究揭示了白菜核雄性不育花药的超微结构特征．对我们以前的光学显微镜观察结果予以补充和修正。     

一株蝗虫病原菌的鉴定及其毒力和病理研究

从蝗虫自然病死虫尸中分离到一株病原菌HR_3,其纯培养物的致病性被科赫原理证明。为确定该菌在分类学上的地位,经生理生化测定和分子鉴定,此病原菌为粘质沙雷氏菌（Serratia marcescens）。通过口服感染测定了该菌对蝗虫的毒力,毒力回归方程为y=1.067+0.809x,致死中浓度LC50=1.164×108cfu/mL。为探讨HR_3对蝗虫致病的作用机理,对HR_3感染蝗虫后的组织病理进行了研究,结果表明感染初期蝗虫的中肠上皮细胞受到破坏,继而出现局部变性坏死。感染48h后,消化细胞层大部分区域被空泡状物充盈。