New taxol assay method using tubulin-assembly stimulation

Summary A novel taxol determination method which involves the tubulin-assembly stimulation is described. The tubulin-assembly was monitored by turbidity change at 350nm. In a limited range of taxol concentration (0 to 24 M), taxol stimulated tubulin-assembly linearly. And this linear relation was observed from 20min to 30min after the reaction started. Bioactive derivatives of taxol, such as cephalomanin and 7-epi-10-deacetyltaxol also stimulated the tubulin-assembly. However, baccatin III, which was known as less active taxol derivative did not stimulate tubulin assembly. This result showed that the stimulation of tubulin assembly has a relationship with the antimiotic activity. This assay method have several advantages. 1) Time required for the measurement is relatively short. 2) Multiple samples can be measured simultaneously. 3) It can remove interference of less active taxane compounds more selectively than immuno-assay. Consequently, this method can be used to determine taxol concentration in biological samples. Especially, this method can be used for large scale selection of cell line and primary screening of new antimiotic compounds.     

植物生活史对策的进化

植物生活史对策的进化班勇（中国林业科学院林业研究所,北京１０００９１）ＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＬｉｆｅＨｉｓｔｏｒｙＳｔｒａｔｅｇｙｉｎＰｌａｎｔｓ￥ＢａｎＹｏｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏ...     

Stimulation of bone formation by prostaglandin E2

We examined the effect of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), in the presence or absence of cortisol, on bone formation in 21-day fetal rat calvaria maintained in organ culture for 24 to 96 h. [³H]Thymidine and [³H] proline incorporation were used to assess DNA and collagen synthesis, respectively. Changes in dry weight and DNA content were assessed after 96 h.PGE₂ (10⁻⁷ M) stimulated both DNA and collagen synthesis in calvaria. The effect on DNA synthesis was early (24 h), transient and limited to the periosteum. Collagen synthesis was stimulated at a later time (96 h), predominantly in the central bone. Cortisol (10⁻⁷ M) inhibited DNA and collagen synthesis. The addition of PGE₂ reversed the inhibitory effects of cortisol on DNA synthesis and content and increased collage synthesis in central bone to levels above control untreated cultures.We conclude that PGE₂ has stimulatory effects on bone formation and can reverse the inhibitory effects of cortisol. Hence the effects of cortisol may be mediated in part by their ability to reduce the endogenous production of prostaglandins.     

小鼠BW5147细胞与网织红细胞融合后cAMP水平及其磷酸二酯酶的细胞化学观察

本实验用PEG介导,将小鼠BW_(5147)细胞与小鼠网织红细胞在体外进行悬浮融合,经HAT选择性培养基筛选获得的胞质杂交细胞,表现出增殖减慢、生长率下降、生瘤能力降低等去恶化现象。本实验从cAMP-PDE细胞化学反应显示出胞质杂交细胞内cAMP-PDE活性比亲本BW_(5147)瘤细胞有所减弱,而cAMP水平则有所升高,提示胞质杂交细胞恶性程度下降可能与细胞内cAMP-PDE活性降低和cAMP水平升高具有一定的关系。本实验的结果将为进一步探索促使肿瘤细胞逆转的可能途径提供一定的依据。     

文昌鱼轮器哈氏窝匀浆对幼体蟾蜍睾丸发育的初步探讨

关于文昌鱼生殖活动的调节,Tjoa和Welsch根据电镜的观察,推测文昌鱼头部轮器上的哈氏窝(Hatschek’s pit)可能与脊椎动物的脑下垂体同源。最近,张致一等用荧光免疫法研究发现轮器上的哈氏窝上皮细胞有与LH抗血清产生沉淀反应的分泌颗粒,从而进一步证实了Tjoa等人的看法。我们在光学显微镜下也观察到哈氏窝上皮细胞内分泌颗粒的数量,在性腺发育的不同阶段有明显的区别(待发表的资料),提示哈氏窝上皮细胞与性腺发     

Myelin development in infant brain

Myelin was isolated from subcortical areas of ten human brains, with ages ranging from 24 days to 350 days-of-age; samples were subsequently analyzed for lipid composition. Eight infants were victims of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, and two infants were accident cases. Gray and white matter samples from each brain were also dissected and analyzed. Galactolipids were only 12% of the total lipids in white matter from brains of infants that were 24 days-of-age, a time when myelination was just starting in the subcortical areas. At 175 and 350 days of age, myelination was well underway and galactolipids measured 22% of the total lipids. Total phospholipids decreased (65% to 54%) in white matter during development, with the decrease mostly in phosphatidylcholine (23% to 15%). Even though there was little white matter present at early ages, myelin could be isolated. Surprisingly, the lipid composition of myelin, from the 24-day-infant brain was similar to that from adult brain. Galactolipids were 22% of the total lipids, cholesterol, 23%, and phospholipids, 52%. These results suggest that only subtle remodeling of myelin occurs in humans once myelination commences. All four major gangliosides were present in myelin during this first year of development. Interestingly, the yield of myelin from the 350-day-old infant subcortical white matter was similar to that from an adult. Thus major tracts in this area may have acquired most of the myelin by one year-after-birth. Since the control samples blend quite well into the developmental pattern obtained, it is believed there are no abnormalities in myelin lipids from SIDS infants.     

The passive transfer of protective immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis with immune lymph node cells from different lymphoid tissues in rats

-Yong W. K. and Dobson C. 1982. The passive transfer of proctective immunity against Angiostrongylus cantonensis with immune lymph node cells from different lymphoid tissues in rats. International Journal for Parasitology12: 423–425. Lymph node cells from the posterior cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes of immune rats passively protected syngeneic recipient rats against Angiostrongylus cantonensis better than cells from the spleen, thymic and inguinal lymph nodes either as reduced worms burdens and/or stunted growth. No antibody was detected in the sera of recipient rats after transfer of the cells and before infection which suggested that the protection was cell- rather than antibody-mediated.     

美国白蛾与两种雪灯蛾的区别

美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea(Drury)原产北美,传入欧洲及亚洲后,成为林木、果树、行道阔叶树的毁灭性害虫。据报道,在苏联为害230种植物,在日本为害371种植物。此种害虫的幼虫及蛹能随果品及包装材料而传播扩散,当前已列为重要的国际植物检疫对象。1979年传入我国辽宁丹东一带,为了防止该虫进一步扩散,首先要求能正确识别。由于美国白蛾与雪灯蛾属Spilosoma的星白雪灯蛾S.menthastri(Esper)及稀点雪灯蛾S.urticae(Esper)在外形上很相似,往往容易混淆,本文就三种成虫的主要区别特征分述于后。     

黑胸大蠊（Periplaneta fuliginosa）病毒的分离及某些特性

从黑胸大蠊(Periplaneta fuliginosa)自然罹病的虫尸中分离得到一株非包涵体病毒。将病毒悬液均匀拌入无菌饲料并供食154～169日龄黑胸大蠊健康若虫时,能使其感染、发病,死亡率可达98％以上。在电子显微镜下观察时,病毒为球形二十面体颗粒,直径约23nm。病毒悬液具有典型核蛋白紫外吸收光谱。病毒用DNase和RNase处理并经吖啶橙染色、二苯胺和苔黑酚试验及甲醛反应证明:该病毒含有单链DNA。以上特性与细小病毒科的特征有点类似。