RFLP mapping of QTLs for yield and related characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Quantitative triat loci (QTLs) for yield and related traits in rice were mapped based on RFLP maps from two indica/indica F₂ populations, Tesanai 2/CB and Waiyin 2/CB. In Tesanai 2/CB, 14 intervals carrying QTLs for eight traits were detected, including 3 for grain weight per plant (GWT), 2 for number of panicles per plant (NP), 2 for number of grains per panicle (NG), 1 for total number of spikelets per panicle (TNS), 1 for spikelet fertility (SF), 3 for 1000-grain weight (TGWT), 1 for spikelet density (SD), and 1 for number of first branches per main panicle. The 3 QTLs for GWT were located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4, with 1 in each chromosome. The additive effect of the single locus ranged from 2.0 g to 9.1 g. A major gene (np4) for NP was detected on chromosome 4 within the interval of RG143–RG214, about 4cM for RG143, and this locus explained 26.1% of the observed phenotypic variance for NP. The paternal allele of this locus was responsible for reduced panicles per plant (3 panicles per plant). In another population, Waiyin 2/CB, 12 intervals containing QTLs for six of the above-mentioned traits were detected, including 3 for GWT, 2 for each of NP, TNS, TGWT and SD, 1 for SF. Three QTLs for GWT were located on chromosome 1, 4, and 5, respectively. The additive effect of the single locus for GWT ranged from 6.7 g to 8.8 g, while the dominance effect was 1.7–11.5 g. QTL mapping in two populations with a common male parent is compared and discussed.     

厚叶景天组织传感器的研究

利用厚叶景天的叶和茎组织作为生物催化材料,分别同二氧化碳气敏电极和氨气敏电极组合,研制了L－精氨酸传感器及,L－赖氨酸传感器。两种传感器的线性范围分别为1.0×10^-4 1.O×10^-3mol/L和8．0×10^-5—3.0×10^-3mol/L．检测下限分别为3．2×10^-5mol／L和2.2×10^-5mol/L,响应斜率分别为42.2mV／dec和41．4mv／dec。考察了两种传感器的回收率．结果表明,L－精氨酸传感器和L－赖氨酸传感器的回收率平均值分别为98．6％和101.6％,标准偏差分别为4.6％和4.0％。     

小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种F_1及其花粉植株的细胞遗传学研究

２个小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种Ｆ１的减数分裂方为复杂,中期Ⅰ染色体平均每细胞构型为１９．５３Ⅰ＋１３．４７Ⅱ＋０．７０Ⅲ＋０．０６Ⅳ和１９．９９Ⅰ＋１３．４２Ⅱ＋０．６５Ⅲ＋０．０４Ⅳ＋０．０１Ⅴ,后期Ⅰ染色体分配不平衡,单价体并不一定排列在赤道板上,产生各种类型的异常四分体。１８株花粉植株染色体组成类型多样,在２个花粉植株中分别观察到端体和等臂染色体。单倍体花粉植株中期Ⅰ染色体配对频率较高,交叉值为１．５１－３．８５。本文还讨论了三属杂种和花药培养的结合应用。     

催乳素对大鼠前列腺上皮细胞内雄激素受体和5α－还原酶活性的影响

本实验建立了无血清培养的大鼠前列腺上皮细胞内雄激素受体（ＡＲ）的测定方法,并研究了催乳素（ＰＲＬ）对细胞内ＡＲ数量和５α－还原酶活性的影响。结果表明：ＰＲＬ使前列腺上皮细胞内ＡＲ数量显著增加,其中１０ｎｇ／ｍｌＰＲＬ的作用最强,但高剂量的ＰＲＬ则失去对ＡＲ的刺激作用。ＰＲＬ还能拮抗雄激素引起的其自身受体的下调作用,使受体的数量回升至对照组水平。对５α－还原酶的催化产物双氢睾酮（ＤＨＴ）的测定结果显示ＰＲＬ对ＤＨＴ的产生无明显影响,提示ＰＲＬ对５α－还原酶的活性无显著影响。     

铁红圆酵母属两个类群的培养特征初步研究

通过超滤膜过滤法,在大连市黑石礁海域２５００米以内,分离到白色与铁红圆酵母两类海洋酵母。铁红圆酵母分属于Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群和Ｔｏｒｕｌｏｐｓｉｓｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群。葡萄糖——蛋白胨——酵母膏液体培养基静止培养条件下,Ｔ．ｐｕｌｃｅｒｒｉｍａ类群培养五天半,活酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．２×１０￣８／ｍｌ,大约在八天半之后,达到最高数量,为２．０×１０８／ｍｌ。Ｔ．ｃａｎｄｉｄａ类群,培养大约二天半后,酵母数量达到第一次高峰,为１．８×１０￣７／ｍｌ,培养大约十天半,活细胞数达到最高峰,为１．２×１０￣（－８）／ｍｌ。由于铁红园酵母具有易培性,耐不良环境能力强的优点,作为未来水产养殖业幼体饵料微生物具有广泛地应用前景。     

Studies on atrophic change of soleus muscle and its countermeasures in suspended rat

In the environment of microgravity, the disused atrophy of skeletal muscle, especially leg's muscle, would occur. The three purposes of this study were: 1. To observe the dynamic changes of disused atrophy of skeletal muscle under simulated weightlessness; 2. To approach the mechanism of disused atrophy of muscle; 3. To approach the countermeasures for reducing the degree of atrophy of muscle.     

TaTPP-7A positively feedback regulates grain filling and wheat grain yield through T6P-SnRK1 signalling pathway and sugar–ABA interaction

Grain size and filling are two key determinants of grain thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and crop yield, therefore they have undergone strong selection since cereal was domesticated. Genetic dissection of the two traits will improve yield potential in crops. A quantitative trait locus significantly associated with wheat grain TKW was detected on chromosome 7AS flanked by a simple sequence repeat marker of Wmc17 in Chinese wheat 262 mini-core collection by genome-wide association study. Combined with the bulked segregant RNA-sequencing (BSR-seq) analysis of an F₂ genetic segregation population with extremely different TKW traits, a candidate trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene located at 135.0 Mb (CS V1.0), designated as TaTPP-7A, was identified. This gene was specifically expressed in developing grains and strongly influenced grain filling and size. Overexpression (OE) of TaTPP-7A in wheat enhanced grain TKW and wheat yield greatly. Detailed analysis revealed that OE of TaTPP-7A significantly increased the expression levels of starch synthesis- and senescence-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene pathways. Moreover, most of the sucrose metabolism and starch regulation-related genes were potentially regulated by SnRK1. In addition, TaTPP-7A is a crucial domestication- and breeding-targeted gene and it feedback regulates sucrose lysis, flux, and utilization in the grain endosperm mainly through the T6P-SnRK1 pathway and sugar–ABA interaction. Thus, we confirmed the T6P signalling pathway as the central regulatory system for sucrose allocation and source–sink interactions in wheat grains and propose that the trehalose pathway components have great potential to increase yields in cereal crops.     

Genetic variation in the Y chromosome and sex-biased DNA methylation in somatic cells in the mouse

Mammalian Genome - Several lines of evidence suggest that the presence of the Y chromosome influences DNA methylation of autosomal loci. To better understand the impact of the Y chromosome on...     

瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1(TRPV1)的生物学功能

瞬时受体电位香草醛亚家族1 (TRPV1)又称辣椒素受体(VR1),是一类可被辣椒素、热(>43℃)、酸(pH<6.0)所激活的配体门控性非选择性阳离子通道,对Ca²⁺有高度通透性。早期研究发现TRPV1主要分布在神经系统并介导瘙痒及痛觉反应,近些年研究表明其在非神经细胞如肥大细胞、膀胱上皮细胞、单核细胞、皮肤角化上皮细胞、胰岛细胞等中也广泛分布,在代谢性疾病、消化、呼吸和心血管系统疾病、皮肤病及肿瘤等疾病的发生发展中均发挥了重要作用。本文介绍了TRPV1的分布、结构特征及其功能研究的最新进展,并重点综述了TRPV1介导的瘙痒和疼痛信号通路及以TRPV1为靶点的中草药研究进展,以期为以TRPV1为潜在治疗靶点相关疾病的中西医防治提供理论指导。     

紫米基因与RFLP标记的连锁分析

选用种皮呈紫黑色的水稻体细胞无性系变异体黑珍米和其种皮呈无色的原始亲本Ｂａｓｍａｔｉ３７０配制组合,同时应用１２１个ＤＮＡ探针检测了黑珍米与Ｂａｓｍａｔｉ３７０之间的ＲＦＬＰ。应用Ｆ２和Ｆ３群体研究了紫色种皮的遗传控制。结果表明,有一个显性主效基因控制着黑珍米和Ｂａｓｍａｔｉ３７０在种皮颜色上的差异。通过多态性ＤＮＡ探针与种皮颜色的共分离分析,发现该基因与水稻第四染色体上的ＤＮＡ标记ＲＧ３２９和ＲＧ２１４连锁,与ＲＧ３２９和ＲＧ２１４的遗传图距分别为１８．９ｃＭ和２６．３ｃＭ。