小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种F_1及其花粉植株的细胞遗传学研究

２个小麦－黑麦－中间偃麦草三属杂种Ｆ１的减数分裂方为复杂,中期Ⅰ染色体平均每细胞构型为１９．５３Ⅰ＋１３．４７Ⅱ＋０．７０Ⅲ＋０．０６Ⅳ和１９．９９Ⅰ＋１３．４２Ⅱ＋０．６５Ⅲ＋０．０４Ⅳ＋０．０１Ⅴ,后期Ⅰ染色体分配不平衡,单价体并不一定排列在赤道板上,产生各种类型的异常四分体。１８株花粉植株染色体组成类型多样,在２个花粉植株中分别观察到端体和等臂染色体。单倍体花粉植株中期Ⅰ染色体配对频率较高,交叉值为１．５１－３．８５。本文还讨论了三属杂种和花药培养的结合应用。     

Development and characterization of a new barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-resistant wheat germplasm

A barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-resistant line HG295 was selected from a cross between cv. 77-5433 and Zhong 5 after extensive investigation in field, greenhouse and ELISA. Cytological analysis revealed that it was an euploid line and genetically stable. The existence of alien DNA in HG295 was identified by RAPD and Southern hybridization analyses showed that the alien DNAs came from Zhong 5 or Th. intermedium. The differences of BYDV resistance between L1 and HG295 are discussed.     

普通小麦(6X)×苏联球茎大麦(4X)属间整倍体杂种后代的细胞遗传学研究

本研究对12个中国春小麦(Triticum aestivum L.cv.Chinese Spring)×苏联球茎大麦(Hordtum bulbosum L.)属间整倍体株系及其与中国春小麦回交一代的减数分裂进行了细胞遗传学观察。 这些整倍体株系在减数分裂时染色体配对基本正常,其单价体频率接近中国春小麦。除2个株系(ST-3,ST-10)平均每细胞的单价体数高于0.5个外,其余都低于0.5个。 6个回交一代平均每细胞单价体数高于1.0个,其它都低于1.0个。根据对整倍体株系及其回交一代的减数分裂染色体行为的观察,初步推断这12个株系为中国春小麦-苏联球茎大麦的二体异代换系(ST-2,ST-3,ST-7,ST-8,ST-9,ST-11);异易位纯合体(ST-1,ST-4,ST-5,ST-6,ST-10,ST-12)。