卵巢上皮癌中CCN1的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨人卵巢上皮癌组织和卵巢良性肿瘤中CCN1表达水平的差异及临床意义.方法:收集我院21例卵巢上皮癌病理组织,以卵巢良性肿瘤为对照,经Real-time PCR和免疫组织化学等方法从mRNA水平和蛋白水平检测CCN1的表达水平.分析其表达水平与卵巢上皮肿瘤恶性程度的关系.结果:Real-time PCR和免疫组织化学结果均提示CCN1在卵巢上皮癌组织中的表达水平高于良性肿瘤(P＜0.01).结论:CCN1可能与卵巢上皮癌的恶性潜能密切相关.     

垂体偶发瘤的研究进展

垂体偶发瘤(Pituitary Incidentalomas)是指因进行尸检或进行与垂体病变无关的头部影像学检查过程中偶然发现的垂体病变,其特点是不具有与垂体疾病相关的临床表现。其尸检发现率约10.7%,影像学检查发现率低于尸检,不同文献报道差异较大。垂体偶发瘤如不进行治疗,10%的偶发微腺瘤和24%的偶发大腺瘤会出现瘤体增大,瘤体增大是明确的手术指征。因此,患者应定期进行头部MRI扫描以明确瘤体有无增大。本文对垂体偶发瘤的相关文献进行回顾分析。     

枸杞多糖与黄芪多糖抑菌活性的研究*

目的:研究黄芪多糖和枸杞多糖的抑菌活性并探讨不同pH值对其抑菌活性的影响。方法:采用滤纸片扩散法,分析不同浓度黄芪多糖和枸杞多糖在不同pH值下对几种常见细茵和霉菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉、产黄青霉)的抑制效果。结果:对于细菌,枸杞多糖8mg/mL时出现抑菌圈,而黄芪多糖0.02 mg/mL时效果最佳;对于霉菌,随着枸杞多糖浓度的增大,抑菌圈的直径增大,而黄芪多糖0.02 mg/mL时效果最佳;当枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖在pH6的条件下,二者抑菌活性均最强。结论:枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖对细菌、霉菌都有一定的抑制效果,pH值可影响枸杞多糖和黄芪多糖的抑菌效果。     

HPV基因的进化分析

目的:HPV有许多类型,其大致可分为高危型和低危型,高危型HPV感染是导致宫颈癌发生的首要原因,在HPV基因组中,E6基因是促进宫颈细胞癌变的关键基因,本文主要研究HPV中的E6基因在各种不同型别的HPV中的进化关系,并对E2基因碱基替换率进行分析,探讨高危型HPV与低危型HPV的区别.方法:本文对不同类型HPV E6氨基酸序列构建系统发生树,探讨识别高危型HPV可能的一致序列,对E6基因其中一处能导致恶性程度增加的突变进行分析.并对HPV16与其位于同一颗树的HPV35和HPV31计算相对碱基替换率.结果:高危型HPV均源自同一株病毒株的进化.各种HPV型别中,高危型HPV E6蛋白对应于HPV16E6蛋白的第83位氨基酸为缬氨酸更为保守,HPV中除E2以外的其他基因的非同义替换率均小于同义替换率.结论:HPV E6蛋白对应于HPV16E6蛋白的第83位氨基酸为缬氨酸能更好地实现HPV E6蛋白的致癌作用.HPV基因中除E2以外的基因在进化过程中都较为保守,是HPV增殖生长的关键基因,而E2部分区域非同义替换率大于同义替换率,说明E2这部分区域的突变能够更好的促进HPV的增殖和生长.     

Biomechanism of adhesion in gecko setae

The study of the adhesion of millions of setae on the toes of geckos has been advanced in recent years with the emergence of new technology and measurement methods. The theory of the mechanism of adhesion by van der Waals forces is now accepted and broadly understood. However, this paper presents limitations of this theory and gives a new hypothesis of the biomechanism of gecko adhesion. The findings are obtained through measurements of the magnitude of the adhesion of setae under three different conditions, to show the close relationship between adhesion and status of the setae. They are reinforced by demonstrating two setal structures, follicle cells and hair, the former making the setae capable of producing bioelectrical charges, which play an important role in attachment and detachment processes. It is shown that the abundant muscular tissues at the base of the setae cells, which are controlled by peripheral nerves, are instrumental in producing the foot movement involved in attachment and detachment. Our study will further uncover the adhesion mechanism of geckos, and provide new ideas for designing and fabricating synthetic setae.     

结缔组织生成和肿瘤

肿瘤的发生并不只是由肿瘤细胞本身恶化引起的,肿瘤基质也发挥了非常重要的作用,肿瘤发生是肿瘤细胞和围绕它的肿瘤基质相互作用的产物。肿瘤细胞可以通过各种途径激活与其相邻的间质,促进成纤维细胞的增生、细胞外基质的沉积、免疫细胞浸润和血管生成,这种现象被称为结缔组织生成。结缔组织生成形成了一个支持肿瘤发展的微环境,通过多种途径促进了肿瘤的发生、发展和转移。针对结缔组织生成进行肿瘤治疗可以为肿瘤的临床治疗提供新的思路。     

The First Complete 3D Reconstruction of a Spanish Fly Primary Larva (Lytta vesicatoria,Meloidae, Coleoptera)

The first detailed anatomical study of a primary larva of Meloidae is presented. Thereby techniques such as three-dimensional reconstructions, microtome sections, SEM (scanning electronic microscopy) and CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscopy) are applied. The structural features are discussed in the context of phylogeny, but also possible correlations with parasitism, phoresy and miniaturisation. The triungulin first instar larva is likely an apomorphy of Meloidae excl. Eleticinae and linked with a specialisation on acridoid eggs or larvae and provisions of bees. The campodeid body shape of Lytta and Meloinae is a groundplan feature of Meloidae, whereas a navicular body is an autapomorphy of the generally phoretic larvae of Nemognathinae. Head structures of Lytta and features of the postcephalic body are largely plesiomorphic. The musculature of the head is only moderately simplified while the one of the postcephalic body is well developed. Its thorax is largely characterised by plesiomorphies. The characteristics of the legs suggest phoretic habits, even though this does not apply to larvae of Lytta. It is conceivable that a phoretic behaviour is secondarily lost, together with some but not all morphological modifications related to it. Derived features of the abdomen of Meloidae are the complete loss of the fixed urogomphi (also missing in Rhipiphoridae and other related groups) and the presence of one or two conspicuous caudal bristles. Only few features of Lytta are shared with the parasitic larvae of Rhipiphoridae and Strepsiptera. These characteristics, which are possibly linked with specialised life habits, have obviously evolved independently. Miniaturisation effects are minimal in the larvae of Lytta.     

Elucidation of signaling and functional activities of an orphan GPCR, GPR81

GPR81 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has a high degree of homology to the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A. GPR81 expression is highly enriched and specific in adipocytes. However, the function and signaling properties of GPR81 are unknown because of the lack of natural or synthetic ligands. Using chimeric G proteins that convert Gi-coupled receptors to Gq-mediated inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, we show that GPR81 can constitutively increase IP accumulation in HEK293 cells and suggest that GPR81 couples to the Gi signaling pathway. We also constructed a chimeric receptor that expresses the extracellular domains of cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor (CysLT2R) and the intracellular domains of GPR81. We show that the CysLT2R ligand, leukotriene D(4) (LTD4), is able to activate this chimeric receptor through activation of the Gi pathway. In addition, LTD4 is able to inhibit lipolysis in adipocytes expressing this chimeric receptor. These results suggest that GPR81 couples to the Gi signaling pathway and that activation of the receptor may regulate adipocyte function and metabolism. Hence, targeting GPR81 may lead to the development of a novel and effective therapy for dyslipidemia and a better side effect profile than nicotinic acid.     

Analysis of sequence variations in 59 microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinomas

It is well demonstrated that mutations in protein-coding genes play a key role during carcinogenesis. Whether sequence variations in microRNA genes are also associated with tumorigenesis is still unknown and thus require extensive investigations. In the present study, genomic sequences coding for the precursors of 59 microRNA genes were analyzed in both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and liver cancer derived cell lines. In total, four variations in three microRNAs, including miR-106b, miR-192 and let-7a-2, were found in four out of 96 HCC tissues. Further investigation in the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues identified the same sequence variations, suggesting the possibility of germline mutations or natural polymorphisms. Moreover, no variation was found in eight liver cancer derived cell lines. Among four sequence alterations observed in this study, two were located in miR-106b and identified as known single nucleotide polymorphisms, while the other two found in miR-192 and let-7a-2 had not been reported before. In conclusion, our data suggest that mutation of microRNA is a rare event in HCC and thus may not represent a main mechanism underlying hepatocarcinogenesis.