亚东璃眼蜱的延迟交配对吸血时间和生殖力的影响

蜱类种群密度的制约因素包括生物的和非生物的两类,分析和认识这些规律,对蜱类的防治上有重要意义。 蜱类的生殖是维持种群密度的重要一环。后肛沟类硬蜱的雌虫当吸附在宿主体时,由于某些原因可发生延迟交配现象。蜱类延迟交配对生育力的影响,在这方面的研究较少。本文为亚东璃眼蜱Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi Olenev的延迟交配对吸血时间、饱食后的体重以及产卵量等的试验研究结果。     

棉铃虫感染核型多角体病毒后血淋巴蛋白的变化

本文使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳等技术测定棉铃虫Heliothis armigera感染核型多角体病毒后血淋巴蛋白浓度和蛋白类型的变化。5龄初期感病幼虫血淋巴蛋白总浓度在感染后1—3天缓慢上升,到第4天下降;同期的健康幼虫血淋巴蛋白浓度却持续上升。血淋巴蛋白类型的变化是:(1)普通蛋白在健康幼虫中至少有13条宽窄不同的带,而感病幼虫在感染后前3天与健康幼虫无大区别,但感病后第4天蛋白带主带减少;(2)糖蛋白的带数在健康幼虫中随时间增长而增加,每条带的浓度也随之增加;感病幼虫糖蛋白的带比健康幼虫的少,蛋白浓度也相应低。(3)感病幼虫脂蛋白的变化几乎和健康幼虫无区别。健康与感病幼虫血淋巴萤光物质的变化趋势亦不同。但二个毒株感病幼虫血淋巴蛋白之间的差异不明显。     

UPRE-lac Z为报告基因评价酵母UPR响应初步研究 *

目的: 未折叠蛋白质反应UPR是酵母最重要蛋白质质量控制机制之一,研究UPR响应规律有助于优化异源蛋白分泌途径合成和应对酸醇等胁迫因子的细胞自我保护。方法: 选择实验室菌株W303-1A和工业菌株An-a,以UPRE启动子控制下的Lac Z为报告基因,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建得到指示菌株W303-1A (leu 2::UPRE-lac Z)和An-a (leu 2::UPRE- lac Z),分别简称WZ和AZ。结果: 生长曲线测定显示WZ和AZ与亲本菌株的生长接近;添加下述试剂孵育4h后测定β-半乳糖苷酶酶活:1μg/ml衣霉素、8%(v/v)乙醇、0.3%(v/v)乙酸、5%(v/v)乙醇+0.1%(v/v)乙酸;菌株AZ的比酶活分别是对照值的8.2、26.4、1.1和7.9倍,而菌株WZ则分别为12.6、2.4、1.0和1.0倍;进一步以YEplac195为载体表达β-葡萄糖苷酶,AZ和WZ转化子在2%纤维二糖中生长24h的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶活值分别为0.35和6.12U/ml,相应的LacZ则分别为对照值的3.1和5.4倍。结论: 两个菌株显示了在抑制物和异源蛋白表达UPR响应和调控能力上的显著差异,为其改造利用提供了方向;研究也为分析抑制物耐受性和异源蛋白表达关键制约因素、优化酵母ER和UPR信号通路的调控奠定了初步方法基础。     

Parasites,predators and other arthropods associated withMusca domestica and other flies breeding in bovine manure

The species of flies breeding in bovine manure, their parasites and predators as well as other associated arthropods in 3 localities in and near Bangalore are recoreded. The flies areMusca domestica L.,Musca pattoni Austen,Stomoxys calcitrans L.,Physiphora aenea F.,Physiphora demandata F.,Sargus metallinus F.,Sepsis thoracica R.-D.,Sepsis nitens Wiedemann,Sphaerocera scabricula Hal, andLeptocera (Coproica) hirtula Rondani. Four species of hymenopterous pupal parasites of these flies have been obtained:Spalangia cameroni Perkins from pupae ofM. domestica, M. pattoni, S. calcitrans, P. aenea andP. demandata; Spalangia endius Walker from pupae ofM. domestica, M. pattoni andS. calcitrans; Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis from pupae ofM. domestica andS. calcitrans; andDirhinus trichiophthalmus Masi from pupae ofSargus metallinus F. Percentage parasitism of fly puparia in field samples was noted. Four species ofHister andAleochara puberula Klug feeding on various immature stages ofM. domestica, 2 species of scarabaeid beetles, 2 species of ants and a pseudoscorpion were also found in the manure. The importance of biotic regulatory factors in the control of flies is discussed.

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Résumé Dans 3 localités de Bangalore ou proches de cette ville, on a inventorié les espèces de mouches vivant dans le fumier de vache, leurs parasites et prédateurs ainsi que d'autres arthropodes associés. Les mouches récoltées sont:Musca domestica L.,Musca pattoni Austen,Stomoxys calcitrans L.,Physiphora aenea F.,Physiphora demandata F.,Sargus metallinus F.,Sepsis thoracica R-D.,Sepsis nitens Wiedemann,Sphaerocera scabricula Hal. etLeptocera (Coproica) hirtula Rondani. Quatre espèces d'hyménoptères parasites des pupes ont été obtenues de ces mouches:Spalangia cameroni Perkins deM. domestica, M. pattoni, S. calcitrans, P. aenea etP. demandata: Spalangia endius Walker deM. domestica, M. pattoni etS. calcitrans, P. aenea etP. demandata; Spalangia endius Walker trans; etDirhinus trichiophthalmus Masi deSargus metallinus F. On a noté le taux de parasitisme des nymphes dans les conditions naturelles. Quatre espèces deHister etAleochara puberula Klug s'attaquant aux divers stades non imaginaux deM. domestica, 2 espèces de scarabeides, 2 espèces de fourmis et un pseudoscorpion ont été également trouvés dans le fumier. L'importance de ces facteurs biotiques dans la régulation des populations de mouches est discutée.

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Paper presented at the seminar on utilization of farm wastes for rural industrial growth, National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, 31 st December, 1975.

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This paper is published with the permission of the Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi     

应用32P标记喜马拉雅旱獭研究其寄生蚤的散布情况

1973年7—8月和1974年4—9月在甘肃南部肃南县皇城区草原上,应用³²P标记喜马拉雅旱獭,用放射自显影的方法确定跳蚤的散布情况。共获得五种跳蚤,其中 Callopsylla dolabris和Oropsyllasilantiewi是旱獭的主要寄生蚤。旱獭和跳蚤种群间接触的频度取决于旱獭本身在栖息地内的分布、被旱獭所占用洞穴的数量以及媒介跳蚤的数量。在旱獭密度不高而蚤指数较高的情况下,以及存在大量隐蔽所的条件下,其交在比较频繁,标记蚤分布的范围较大,跳蚤的交换也较多。我们于标记后的第14天就发现距原洞口470米的标记蚤。艾鼬和草原鸟由于经常窜旱獭洞或洒居于旱獭洞内,所以它们的寄生蚤同旱獭蚤亦经常发生交换,并被标记,这在旱獭鼠疫病流行期间是值得引起注意的问题。     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32％,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075％(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086％;最适pH7.0～7.5,溶液酶为7.0～8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5％。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44％,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。     

Halichondrin B and homohalichondrin B, marine natural products binding in the vinca domain of tubulin. Discovery of tubulin-based mechanism of action by analysis of differential cytotoxicity data

Data generated in the new National Cancer Institute drug evaluation program, which is based on inhibition of cell growth in 60 human tumor cell lines, were used to compare new compounds with agents of known mechanism of action in terms of their differential cytotoxicity. Two marine natural products, halichondrin B and homohalichondrin B, appeared repeatedly when the data base was probed with known antimitotic agents. We confirmed that both compounds were highly cytotoxic (IC50 values for L1210 murine leukemia cells of 0.3 and 1 nM, respectively), with accumulation of cells arrested in mitosis at toxic concentrations, that both inhibited the polymerization of purified tubulin, and that both inhibited microtubule assembly dependent on microtubule-associated proteins. Limited amounts of homohalichondrin B, the less active agent, were available, so only halichondrin B was studied in detail. Halichondrin B did not interfere with colchicine binding to tubulin, but it was a noncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of vinblastine to tubulin (apparent Ki, 5.0 microM). Halichondrin B was therefore compared with other agents which interfere with the binding of vinca alkaloids to tubulin (vinblastine, maytansine, dolastatin 10, phomopsin A, rhizoxin) in terms of its effects on tubulin polymerization, inhibition of GTP hydrolysis, inhibition of nucleotide exchange, and stabilization of tubulin, as well as the quantitative assessment of its effects on vinca alkaloid binding and inhibition of cell growth. Since halichondrin B was originally isolated from the same organism as the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid, and since it is about 50-fold more effective than okadaic acid as an inhibitor of L1210 cell growth, perturbations of cellular microtubules observed following treatment with okadaic acid should be interpreted cautiously.     

Thrombomodulin as a marker of radiation-induced endothelial cell injury.

Cultured confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells were irradiated in vitro with 60Co gamma rays at doses from 0 to 50 Gy. After irradiation thrombomodulin was measured at different times over 6 days in the supernatants of endothelial cell culture medium, on the surface of the cells, and within the cells. At 24 h after irradiation, an increase in the release of thrombomodulin from irradiated endothelial cells and an increase in the number of molecules and the activity of thrombomodulin on the surface of the cells were observed; these reactions were dependent on radiation dose. The capacity of the cells to produce and release thrombomodulin was decreased from 2 to 6 days after exposure to 60Co gamma rays. Our data indicate that radiation can injure endothelial cells, and that thrombomodulin may be used as a marker of radiation-induced injury in endothelial cells. The interrelationship between the dysfunction of irradiated endothelial cells and the pathological mechanisms of acute radiation disease is also discussed.     

用免疫金颗粒标记鉴定舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒的抗原

用免疫电镜金颗粒标记技术准确、快速地对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)核型多角体病毒抗原进行了定位和鉴定.舞毒娥病毒的多克隆抗体与同源的多角体抗原之间存在着强烈的亲和性,但与不同源的松柏锯角叶蜂(Neodiprion sertifer)病毒多角体抗原仅有极微弱的交叉反应.舞毒蛾病毒粒子和核衣壳抗原也能与同源的多克隆抗体作用.在被病毒感染的舞毒蛾脂肪体细胞核中,成熟的多角体被金颗粒重重标记,其外缘的游离病毒粒子和核衣壳亦被标记,但亲和力较弱.在被感染的脂肪体细胞核和质内发现一种与多角体蛋白晶体不同源的菱形结晶体.     

竹飞虱属一新种记述(同翅目:飞虱科)

黄氏竹飞虱 Bambusiphaga huangi新种(图1—5) 头顶近方形,基部宽为中央长度的1.2倍,大于同一线一个复眼的宽度,略宽于端部,端部多少向二侧扩张,端缘呈弧形突出,脊明显,中侧脊起自侧缘离端部约1/3处,彼此呈角状延伸相遇于端缘;侧面观,头顶与额呈钝角但圆曲相接;额长方形,二侧脊几乎平行,中脊单一,中长为其宽度的2倍,于近基端具一微弱的横脊;唇基发达,为额长的0.85