探讨肠道菌群对膝骨关节炎治疗的影响

膝骨关节炎是一种中老年人常见的慢性疾病,因其发病率及致残率高,严重影响患者的生存质量。膝骨关节炎不仅增加了患者及其家庭乃至社会的经济压力,而且还加重了心理负担。治疗方案虽然多,但目前尚无根治方法,而且疗效也参差不齐。肠道菌群作为人体巨大的微生物宝库,拥有着很大的潜力,这使之成为了科研领域一个新的研究热点,其对膝骨关节炎的影响也成为了人们关注的焦点。本文通过查阅相关文献,从慢性炎症、代谢性疾病、成骨细胞以及破骨细胞这四个方面来阐述和总结肠道菌群与膝骨关节炎的关系,以期为临床上治疗膝骨关节炎提供新的方法与思路。     

健康/根腐病黄连深色有隔内生真菌多样性研究及定殖调查

近几年来黄连根腐病日益严重,对黄连产业造成了较大影响。前期研究表明,黄连根部深色有隔内生真菌(dark septate endophytes, DSE)定殖率与根腐病发生有明显关系,拟对此进行深入探讨。从健康的和患有根腐病的黄连根部分离DSE,通过对ITS序列进行测序和比对进行分子鉴定,比较其分离频率,并对不同产地的黄连根部DSE定殖情况进行调查统计。结果显示,从黄连根部分离得到DSE 10株,健康黄连根部DSE分离频率明显高于患有根腐病黄连,且其优势菌种不同,健康根条的优势DSE为Cadophora orchidicola,根腐病根条优势DSE为Ceratobasidium sp. G3。不同产地、年生的黄连DSE定殖情况有明显差别。结果表明,DSE定殖率和黄连根腐病具有显著关系。DSE的定殖受土壤肥力、耕作措施、气候环境等多种生态、人为因素的影响。     

斑马鱼Fbxl5基因多克隆抗体的制备与检测

Fbxl5为F-box基因家族的一员,目前研究发现其与心脏的发育有关。为了在斑马鱼模型中进一步研究该基因的功能,有必要制备其多克隆抗体。通过桥式PCR扩增出亲水性和特异性均好的斑马鱼Fbxl5基因片段,将其克隆入表达载体pET-28a,转化至大肠杆菌Rosseta中。用IPTG诱导Fbxl5重组质粒得到His-Fbxl5的融合蛋白。这个融合蛋白用Ni-IDA凝胶柱亲和纯化,将纯化的His-Fbxl5融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。使用Western Blot检测,获得了Fbxl5原核表达重组融合蛋白及高效价的特异性兔抗Fbxl5多克隆抗体。随后检测了Fbxl5在斑马鱼胚胎和成体组织中蛋白的表达,通过基因芯片分析在Fbxl5-MO和Std胚胎样品的mRNA含量差异.所得结果显示获得了较高效价和特异性好的斑马鱼Fbxl5多克隆抗体,为Fbxl5功能的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Modulation of the Endocannabinoids N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) on Executive Functions in Humans

Animal studies point to an implication of the endocannabinoid system on executive functions. In humans, several studies have suggested an association between acute or chronic use of exogenous cannabinoids (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and executive impairments. However, to date, no published reports establish the relationship between endocannabinoids, as biomarkers of the cannabinoid neurotransmission system, and executive functioning in humans. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between circulating levels of plasma endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and executive functions (decision making, response inhibition and cognitive flexibility) in healthy subjects. One hundred and fifty seven subjects were included and assessed with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; Stroop Color and Word Test; and Iowa Gambling Task. All participants were female, aged between 18 and 60 years and spoke Spanish as their first language. Results showed a negative correlation between 2-AG and cognitive flexibility performance (r = −.37; p<.05). A positive correlation was found between AEA concentrations and both cognitive flexibility (r = .59; p<.05) and decision making performance (r = .23; P<.05). There was no significant correlation between either 2-AG (r = −.17) or AEA (r = −.08) concentrations and inhibition response. These results show, in humans, a relevant modulation of the endocannabinoid system on prefrontal-dependent cognitive functioning. The present study might have significant implications for the underlying executive alterations described in some psychiatric disorders currently associated with endocannabinoids deregulation (namely drug abuse/dependence, depression, obesity and eating disorders). Understanding the neurobiology of their dysexecutive profile might certainly contribute to the development of new treatments and pharmacological approaches.     

基于成果导向教育理念的“微生物工程工艺与设备”课程教学改革与实践

"微生物工程工艺与设备"课程是生物工程专业的核心课程,具有较强的实践性和应用性。将成果导向教育理念引入到该课程教学改革中,围绕三个方面进行:明确课程培养学生的能力,制定课程的预期学习产出;在预期学习产出的基础上优化教学过程,通过整合教学内容,构建"课堂理论强化—网络教学平台—现场教学—仿真模拟"多元立体化教学平台,强化学生的主体地位,实现预期学习产出;建立合理的学习考评体系,评估学习产出,促进课程持续改进。     

Efficacy of different antifouling treatments for seawater cooling systems

In an industrial seawater cooling system, the effects of three different antifouling treatments, viz. sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), aliphatic amines (Mexel®432) and UV radiation, on the characteristics of the fouling formed were evaluated. For this study a portable pilot plant, as a side-stream monitoring system and seawater cooling system, was employed. The pilot plant simulated a power plant steam condenser, having four titanium tubes under different treatment patterns, where fouling progression could be monitored. The nature of the fouling obtained was chiefly inorganic, showing a clear dependence on the antifouling treatment employed. After 72 days the tubes under treatment showed a reduction in the heat transfer resistance (R) of around 70% for NaClO, 48% for aliphatic amines and 55% for UV, with respect to the untreated tube. The use of a logistic model was very useful for predicting the fouling progression and the maximum asymptotic value of the increment in the heat transfer resistance (ΔR _max). The apparent thermal conductivity (λ) of the fouling layer showed a direct relationship with the percentage of organic matter in the collected fouling. The characteristics and mode of action of the different treatments used led to fouling with diverse physicochemical properties.     

Overexpression of Arabidopsis acyl‐CoA‐binding protein ACBP2 enhances drought tolerance

Arabidopsis thaliana acyl‐CoA‐binding protein 2 (ACBP2) is a stress‐responsive protein that is also important in embryogenesis. Here, we assign a role for ACBP2 in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during seed germination, seedling development and the drought response. ACBP2 was induced by ABA and drought, and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP2 (ACBP2‐OXs) showed increased sensitivity to ABA treatment during germination and seedling development. ACBP2‐OXs also displayed improved drought tolerance and ABA‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells, thereby promoting stomatal closure, reducing water loss and enhancing drought tolerance. In contrast, acbp2 mutant plants showed decreased sensitivity to ABA in root development and were more sensitive to drought stress. RNA analyses revealed that ACBP2 overexpression up‐regulated the expression of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D (AtrbohD) and AtrbohF, two NAD(P)H oxidases essential for ABA‐mediated ROS production, whereas the expression of Hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1), an important negative regulator in ABA signalling, was down‐regulated. In addition, transgenic plants expressing ACBP2pro:GUS showed beta‐glucuronidase (GUS) staining in guard cells, confirming a role for ACBP2 at the stomata. These observations support a positive role for ACBP2 in promoting ABA signalling in germination, seedling development and the drought response.     

遮荫对桂南种植罗汉果净光合速率和品质的影响

通过大田栽培试验,探讨生育后期不同遮荫处理(遮荫率0、30%、50%和70%)对罗汉果净光合速率和罗汉果品质的影响。经过遮荫处理,罗汉果净光合速率日变化曲线由对照组(遮荫率为0)的双峰型转变为单峰型,曲线峰值出现在中午12:00时。遮荫率50%处理的曲线峰值、罗汉果苷Ⅴ含量和干果重比其它遮荫处理和对照组的高。结果表明,在桂南种植的罗汉果,生育后期给予遮荫率50%的处理对增加罗汉果的净光合速率,提高罗汉果苷Ⅴ含量和干果重较为有利。