滇东南老君山自然保护区蕨类物种多样性研究

本文在分类和区系的基础上,对老君山自然保护区蕨类物种进行多样性研究。结果如下：（１）蕨类物种丰富,物种多样性指数较高;（２）物种密度及个体密度均较大;（３）频度最大的物种为中华桫椤等;（４）相对多度最多者为斑点毛鳞蕨;（５）物种形态各异,大小差别悬殊;（６）分类群比较齐全而且其系统演化的位置多样;（７）地理成分复杂但以北部湾或滇东南山地特有成分最突出;（８）各种生态类型兼备。     

霞草原生质体培养和植株再生

用霞草胚性悬浮细胞分离原生质体,以含0.2%琼脂糖的KM 8p培养基薄层漂浮培养,原生质体培养密度6×10~3-1×10~4/ml。培养3天再生细胞开始分裂,7天统计分裂频率最高达25.4%,10天形成小细胞团,并加降低渗透压的稀释培养基,每周一次。20—25天形成肉眼可见的小愈伤组织,植板率达3.5%。原生质体衍生的愈伤组织在增殖培养时加入0.3%-0.4%活性炭有利于生长及分化。在含6-BA 3.5 mg/L,IBA 0.8 mg/L的培养基上,再生芽的分化频率可达85%。再生芽在添加NAA 0.5 mg/L,6-BA 0.05 mg/L的1/2 MS生根培养基中2周内形成具根的再生小植株。     

Construction of transgenic mice producing CAT to milk by co-injection of two overlapping fragments of bovine αs1-casein-CAT gene

Two αs1-casein/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene constructs overlapping by 3.0kb were constructed and co-injected into murine zygotes. In 9 of 10 lines of transgenic mice obtained, based on analysis of structure and expression of the transgene, accurate extrachromosomal homologous recombination (ECR) between the two overlapping DNA fragments was found. Different levels of CAT activity were detected in milk from these lines. The highest CAT activity was about 25-50μg/mL milk. In some mice. CAT activity was found in salvia gland, thymus and spleen extracts. The high frequency and accuracy of ECR reported here will be applicable in the experimental manipulation for generation of relatively large transgene.     

克服早胚发育阻断的兔输卵管因子“DPF-1”的初步研究

兔64 kDa输卵管蛋白(DPF-1)具克服小鼠早胚发育阻断的作用。进一步分析的结果表明DPF-1的等电点介于7.2-8.1;其合成与分泌对雌激素或孕激素无明显依赖性,能穿越透明带,紧密附着在早胚细胞膜周围。借助于Western blotting分析法,发现DPF-1的分布具组织专一性,仅存在于输卵管,而新西兰白兔子宫、卵巢、肝脏、心脏、肺、脾脏、骨骼肌、小肠和脑等组织中皆未发现;在所检测的小鼠和金黄田鼠输卵管中,也显示出DPF-1相关分子,小鼠的为71 kDa和32 kDa输卵管蛋白,金黄田鼠的为68 kDa和49 kDa输卵管蛋白。值得注意的是,以DPF-1主动免疫的雌性小鼠,经交配,输卵管中的44.8%早胚发育遭阻断,提示DPF-1在克服早胚发育阻断并实现由母型向合子型基因调控过渡的过程中可能起决定性作用。     

通用线性模型筛选家禽生化多态遗传标记的探讨

本研究首次采用线性模型估计生化基因(表)型对产蛋量相关性状的效应,排除环境和遗传背景的差异,检测出效应显著的3种生化基因(表)型。Akp座位F型和Es-1座位AB型的开产蛋重显著降低, 效应的遗传本质有待于深入研究确认。 Tf位点对于36周龄体重的影响不属于基因多效或紧密连锁效应, 可能是距离较远基因连锁的结果,效应随基因间连锁与交换会在品系和世代间产生较大波动;或可能源于非控制误差。本研究还表明生化基因座位与数量性状基因位点(QTL)间的非紧密基因连锁可能大量存在, 但育种意义不大。 Abstract:The literature on associations between biochemical polymorphisms with a Mendelian basis and quantitative traitsis abundant,but it is often difficult to draw conclusions from results that vary in statistical significance and that are sometimes conflicting.Linear models were found capable in estimating associated effects of biochemical genes,precluding deviations due to environmental and population differences.Three biochemical gene- or phenotypes were detected to be significantly associated with laying-related traits.F of Akp locus and AB of Es-1 locus showed large associated effects on egg weight at onset of lay as the result of pleiotrophy or close linkage,or caused by heterogeneity,whereas association of BB at Tf locus with body weight at 36 weeks of age could be due to loose linkage or non-controlled errors which exhibited large variations between populations and possibly through generations Many biochemical loci were also revealed to be occasionally associated with laying-related traits,but few of them could be of breeding importance.     

人胚细胞提取物抗突变作用的研究

本文应用体外培养人淋巴细胞和小鼠骨髓微核与染色体畸变检测,研究了人胚细胞水提物(胚提物)的遗传毒性和抗突变效应。结果表明,(1)胚提物(3和30μg/ml,下同)可显著抑制培养人淋巴细胞的自发和γ-射线诱发的微核形成;(2)胚提物对培养淋巴细胞的自发染色体畸变无明显影响,但可显著抑制丝裂酶素C(MMC)诱发的染色体畸变; (3)胚提物显著抑制环磷酰胺诱发的小鼠骨髓多染性红细胞微核(PCE-MN)的增加; (4)胚提物的上述抗突变效应呈剂量依赖性增加。因此,作者认为,人胚细胞水提物是一种抗突变剂, 可望用于肿瘤的化学预防,并可用作为肿瘤放疗和化疗的辅助药物,以减少毒付反应和二次肿瘤的发生率。 Abstract:Genetially toxic and antimutagenic effects of the aqueous extracts of human fetal cells(HFCAE) against mutagen-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronucleus formation in human lymphocytes in vitro and bone marrow of mice were studied.HFCAE (3 and 30 μg/ml)significantly inhibited spontaneous and γ-rays-induced micronucleus formation and MMC-induced chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes in vitro.HFCAE (3 and 30μg/ml) strongly suppressed also micronucleus formation induced by CP in PCEs of mice.These antimutagenic effects of HFCAE were dose-dependent.Our results suggest that HFCE might be an antimutagen and have potential value in its clinical application.     

GABAB受体与腺苷酸环化酶偶联环节的脱敏研究

将突触体膜与佛波脂（ＰＭＡ）,ＧＡＢＡＢ受体激动剂巴氯芬（Ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ,ＢＡＬ）预孵育一定时间后ＢＡＬ对腺苷酸环化酶（ＡＣ）基础活性及ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ刺激的ＡＣ活性的抑制率显著降低,而ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ预孵育时,ＢＡＬ对基础及ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ刺激的ＡＣ活性的抑制率不变,表明ＧＡＢＡＢ受体与ＡＣ偶联环节的脱敏机制涉及蛋白激酶激活。而与蛋白激酶Ａ无关,脱敏时ＧＡＢＡＢ受体的Ｋｄ值增加,本 实验     

云南高原水稻幼苗的抗冷性与其活性氧清除系统的关系

经低温（２℃或５℃）暗处理（１－５ｄ）的耐寒性不同的云南高原水稻幼苗，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ），过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）的活性均有不同程度的下降。胁迫后光下（２８℃，２５００ｌｘ）恢复，耐寒性较强的品种ＳＯＤ，ＰＯＸ活性均比对照值明显提高，耐寒性弱的品种仍低于对照值。随着低温时间的延长，低温胁迫程度的加深和光下恢复，抗坏血酸（ＡＳＡ）和谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量逐渐减少，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量则逐渐增加。耐寒性强的品种ＡＳＡ和ＧＳＨ含量减少较小，ＭＤＡ含量增加也较小。     

辽河源自然保护区油松群落特征及优势种群结构

通过实地踏查,选取辽河源自然保护区内成片的不同年龄的油松天然次生林群落,采用样方法进行群落学特征信息调查,分析研究区的群落区系特征、外貌特征和优势种群结构特征,为油松天然林的保护和抚育管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）辽河源自然保护区油松天然次生林群落中共有种子植物41科90属144种,植物种类丰富,具有明显的温带针叶林特征,以地面芽植物为主（60.27%）,中叶植物占优势（82.19%）;区系组成与温带的成分关系最为密切。（2）优势种油松在研究区构成成片的不同林龄的纯林,幼龄林的群落中小径级（Ⅰ~Ⅲ）个体所占比例较高（75%）,随着年龄增加,大径级个体所占比例逐渐增加,成熟林径级呈正态分布,各龄组高度级和冠幅的变化趋势与径级相似。（3）4个龄组幼苗储备都很丰富,均占更新层的58%以上,成熟林中幼苗所占比例达90%,但幼树比例较少,群落的更新状况不佳,但潜在更新能力较强。