小麦对Pb胁迫的生理生化反应研究

为了确定Pb污染土壤对植物生态系统造成的影响,运用植物幼苗早期生长实验,研究了Pb不同浓度(50、100、200、300)对小麦幼苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)以及叶片中叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,Pb污染土壤对小麦的生理系统产生明显的影响,小麦叶片可溶性蛋白含量可以很好的指示土壤Pb污染的胁迫。在Pb胁迫下,小麦叶片MDA含量并没有显著增加;小麦植株叶片POD酶活能够被诱导而升高,小麦叶片中SOD酶活性没有一致的变化规律;幼苗受到损伤的明显症状之一是叶片叶绿素含量下降;重金属对小麦幼苗的毒害机理之一是抑制了蛋白质的生物合成。     

On the identity of the genus Metasasa W. T. Lin

In this paper, Metasasa W. T. Lin was treated as a new synonym of the genus Acidosasa C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao ex Keng f. A new combination, Acidosasa nanunica (McCl.) C. S. Chao et G. Y. Yang, was given. Metasasa carinata W. T. Lin and Metasasa albo-farinosa W.T. Lin were reduced as synonyms of A. nanunica.     

菠萝VOZ转录因子序列特征及其对非生物胁迫的响应

为探究菠萝(Ananas comosus)维管植物锌指蛋白转录因子(VOZ)家族的序列特征及表达特征,该研究采用生物信息学的方法对菠萝VOZ转录因子家族进行序列分析,并通过qRT-PCR技术研究了NaCl、干旱和低温(4℃)等逆境处理对菠萝VOZ家族基因表达的影响。结果表明:(1)菠萝与拟南芥、水稻的VOZ转录因子家族均含有2个保守区域,且菠萝VOZ蛋白均为亲水酸性蛋白;蛋白质二级结构显示,菠萝VOZ蛋白主要结构元件为α-螺旋和无规则卷曲。(2)qRT-PCR分析显示,不同非生物胁迫下,AcoVOZ1和AcoVOZ2的表达量与对照差异显著,且NaCl、干旱、低温(4℃)、甘露醇、ABA、Eth胁迫下,AcoVOZ1和AcoVOZ2的表达量均呈显著下降趋势。研究推测,菠萝VOZ转录因子家族以负调控的方式参与菠萝抗高盐、干旱、低温(4℃)等非生物胁迫的应答反应,为进一步研究菠萝抗逆分子机制和菠萝抗逆性基因工程改良奠定了技术基础。     

基于城镇排污视角的水功能区纳污能力模型及其应用

水功能区纳污能力是区域水功能区限制纳污和责任考核管理的重要依据.为了适应目前以县为主体的水功能区水环境管理方式,本研究从水功能区城镇污染物允许排放量的视角研究水功能区纳污能力,建立水功能区城镇排污模型,并应用于泾河入渭段主要城镇礼泉县和泾阳县.结果表明: 礼泉县和泾阳县月允许排污量与河道流量密切相关,丰水期允许排污量高于枯水期.泾河礼泉段当年11月至来年3月水体COD浓度劣于该水功能区水质目标,应削减该时间段礼泉县排污口排污量.排污口排污流量的取值会影响河道水功能区纳污能力的计算结果,城镇排污模型利用相对稳定的排污口排污浓度计算排污口允许排污流量,得到的水功能区纳污能力更为合理.研究结果可为严格的水资源管理提供科学依据.     

Origins of polyploids: an example from peonies (Paeonia) and a model for angiosperms

The majority of tetraploid peonies are allopolyploids derived from crosses between phylogenetically distinct diploid lineages. Tetraploid Paeonia obovata was previously considered to be an autopolyploid because it is morphologically indistinguishable from the diploid of the same species. The presence of the Adh2 gene in tetraploid P. obovata but the inability to amplify the Adh2 gene from Chinese diploids of P. obovata, however, suggests that the tetraploid was not an autotetraploid derivative of the geographically adjacent diploid populations in China. The Adh gene phylogenies rather suggest that the tetraploid originated from crosses between two geographical races of diploid P. obovata distributed in China and Japan. The intermediate status of tetraploid P. obovata between auto‐ and allopolyploidy highlights the need for population genetic analyses of polyploid origins along the continuous range of genomic divergence. Here we present a model that describes the probabilities of polyploid formation and establishment as a function of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid formation (P_f) is obtained from the multiplication of the probability of production of unreduced gametes (P_g) and the probability of ‘hybridization’ (P_h). P_f stays relatively stable when the genomic divergence is low, and then decreases progressively rapidly with the increase of genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. The probability of polyploid establishment (P_e), which depends on the rate of appearance of stable beneficial gene combinations and the rate of fertility restoration, is positively correlated with the genomic divergence of diploid parents. Multiplication of P_f and P_e gives an overall probability of polyploid origins (P_o) that varies continuously along the genomic divergence between diploid progenitors. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 82 , 561–571.     

绵萆薢三萜皂苷类成分研究

为了解绵萆薢(Dioscorea spongiosa)的化学成分,从其70%乙醇水溶液提取物中分离鉴定了8个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析分别鉴定为:20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(1)、人参皂苷Rg1(2)、人参皂苷Re(3)、三七皂苷R1(4)、人参皂苷Rd(5)、人参皂苷Rb1(6)、常青藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(7)和木通皂苷D(8)。化合物1、2、3、5和6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物7和8为首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到。     

The first genetic linkage map of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Primulina eburnea</Emphasis> (Gesneriaceae) based on EST-derived SNP markers

Primulina eburnea is a promising candidate for domestication and floriculture, since it is easy to culture and has beautiful flowers. An F ₂ population of 189 individuals was established for the construction of first-generation linkage maps based on expressed sequence tags-derived single-nucleotide polymorphism markers using the massARRAY genotyping platform. Of the 232 screened markers, 215 were assigned to 18 LG according to the haploid number of chromosomes in the species. The linkage map spanned a total of 3774.7 cM with an average distance of 17.6 cM between adjacent markers. This linkage map provides a framework for identification of important genes in breeding programmes.     

Transgenic overexpression of BAFF regulates the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Danio rerio</Emphasis>

The B-cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily that specifically regulates B lymphocyte proliferation and survival. Excess BAFF leads to overproduction of antibodies for secretion, anti-dsDNA antibodies and a lupus-like syndrome in mice. To investigate whether transgenic overexpression of the zebrafish BAFF leads to immunoglobulin changes and/or early maturing of the immune system, a Tol2-GFP-2A-BAFF/His recombinant plasmid was constructed by inserting a 2A peptide between the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and BAFF sequences. Functional GFP and BAFF proteins were expressed separately and confirmed in HeLa cells. The relative expression of immune-related genes (IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgLC-3, IgD, IgM and IL-4), early lymphoid markers (Ikaros, Rag-1 and TCRAC), and the protooncogene Bcl-2 were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in F0 founder of transgenic zebrafish juveniles and adults. Ectopic expression of BAFF in adults was confirmed using Western blots and was shown to upregulate IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Ikaros, Rag-1, TCRAC, IL-4 and Bcl-2 expression in juveniles on day 21 and IgLC-1, IgLC-2, IgD, IgM, IgZ/T, Rag-1, TCRAC and Bcl-2 expression in zebrafish three months postfertilization. The relative titers of specific IgM against Edwardsiella tarda WED were assessed using modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the whole body homogenate of zebrafish and demonstrated a significant increase in BAFF-transgenic group. Therefore, our findings provided novel insight into further exploration of modulating adaptive immunity and studying autoimmune diseases caused by regulating BAFF.     

重金属胁迫下内生菌对宿主植物的解毒机制

采用内生菌联合植物修复是土壤重金属污染修复理论研究和应用实践的新思路。较之根际促生菌,内生菌因生存环境稳定且与植物联系更加紧密,在实际应用中具有更大价值。在重金属胁迫下,部分具有特定功能的细菌可进入植物体内成为内生菌,这些内生菌通常在重金属吸收、耐受和解毒方面具有优良的特性,而且可以协同宿主植物耐受重金属胁迫,表现在直接或间接降低植物体内重金属胁迫强度和提高植物本身对重金属的耐受性两方面。系统分析了内生菌对宿主植物的解毒机制,综述了近年来内生菌增强植物重金属耐受性的研究,展望了重金属胁迫下植物和内生菌互作机制的研究思路和方向。     

黄毒蛾属五新种记述(鳞翅目:毒蛾科)

本文所记述的五个新种均是属黄毒蛾属(Euproctis)中的白色种类。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 1.暗黄毒蛾Euproctis gilva新种 雄蛾触角于浅黄色,栉齿暗棕色。下唇须浅黄色,上面混有暗棕色鳞片。头部浅黄色,触角附近白色。胸部浅黄色。腹部白色或白色微带浅黄色,端部几节带浅黄色或带暗黄色,肛毛簇暗黄色。胸部下面白色或白色带浅黄色,腹部下面从浅黄色至暗黄色逐渐加