生长抑素联合消炎利胆片在急性结石性胆囊炎手术中的应用价值

目的:研究生长抑素联合消炎利胆片在急性结石性胆囊炎手术中的应用价值。方法:选择2016年8月～2019年8月我院进行胆囊切除术的301例急性结石性胆囊炎患者,随机分为两组。对照组围术期连续采用生长抑素治疗,术后连续用药3 d,初始剂量为250μg静脉注射,然后以3 mg的剂量静脉滴注,给药速度为250μg/h。观察组在生长抑素的基础上,术前7 d口服消炎利胆片,每天3次,每次6片,在饭前30 min服用,共计用药7 d。结果:观察组术后发热、切口感染和疼痛剧烈的发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组术前的血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)、促甲状腺激素(thyroid-stimulatinghormone,TSH)、血清血清癌抗原(cancer antigen19-9,CA19-9)、血清胰岛素(Insulin,Ins)水平无明显差异(P0.05),术后1 d,两组的血清PCT、CRP水平明显升高(P0.05),CA19-9、Ins和TSH水平明显降低(P0.05),但两组相比无明显差异(P0.05),术后7 d,两组的血清PCT、CRP、CA19-9、Ins和TSH水平均明显降低(P0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P0.05);术后7 d,两组的总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBil)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(Aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)、丙氨酸转氨酶(Alanine transaminase,ALT)水平明显降低(P0.05),白蛋白(albumin,PA)水平明显升高(P0.05),观察组的ALT、AKP、AST、TBil和PA水平明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:生长抑素联合消炎利胆片在急性结石性胆囊炎手术中有较高的应用价值,能减少术后并发症,改善机体的炎症反应和肝功能。     

大麦抗叶锈病慢锈性鉴定技术及抗性评价方法

成功的病原菌接种和准确的病情调查是大麦(Hordeum vulgare)抗病研究的基础。该文总结了大麦抗叶锈病慢锈性鉴定实验中几种常用的喷雾和涂抹接种方法, 以及主要的抗性评价指标, 并对操作过程中的一些注意事项进行了说明。     

粳稻胚乳细胞增殖与蔗糖代谢的关系

蔗糖代谢为水稻胚乳发育提供物质和能量。为明确二者的量化关系,本研究通过调节源库关系获得不同源供应水平下的代表性粒位籽粒,进而分析了蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖及可溶性总糖的含量与胚乳细胞增殖的关系。结果表明,改变品种的源库比例（源大库小）,下部粒位籽粒胚乳细胞数目明显增加,总体上,可溶性总糖含量与细胞数目呈极显著负相关,与细胞增殖速率呈极显著正相关,高的蔗糖/葡萄糖、蔗糖/果糖有利于胚乳细胞数目增多。在细胞增殖前期（花后5d）,高葡萄糖、己糖含量有利于提高胚乳细胞数目,高葡萄糖含量还可提高细胞增殖速率。细胞增殖中后期（花后7d）,蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量与胚乳细胞数目、增殖速率呈显著负相关。     

A genome-wide search for signals of high-altitude adaptation in Tibetans

Genetic studies of Tibetans, an ethnic group with a long-lasting presence on the Tibetan Plateau which is known as the highest plateau in the world, may offer a unique opportunity to understand the biological adaptations of human beings to high-altitude environments. We conducted a genome-wide study of 1,000,000 genetic variants in 46 Tibetans (TBN) and 92 Han Chinese (HAN) for identifying the signals of high-altitude adaptations (HAAs) in Tibetan genomes. We discovered the most differentiated variants between TBN and HAN at chromosome 1q42.2 and 2p21. EGLN1 (or HIFPH2, MIM 606425) and EPAS1 (or HIF2A, MIM 603349), both related to hypoxia-inducible factor, were found most differentiated in the two regions, respectively. Strong positive correlations were also observed between the frequency of TBN-dominant haplotypes in the two gene regions and altitude in East Asian populations. Linkage disequilibrium and further haplotype network analyses of world-wide populations suggested the antiquity of the TBN-dominant haplotypes and long-term persistence of the natural selection. Finally, a "dominant haplotype carrier" hypothesis could describe the role of the two genes in HAA. All of our population genomic and statistical analyses indicate that EPAS1 and EGLN1 are most likely responsible for HAA of Tibetans. Interestingly, one each but not both of the two genes were also identified by three recent studies. We reanalyzed the available data and found the escaped top signal (EPAS1) could be recaptured with data quality control and our approaches. Based on this experience, we call for more attention to be paid to controlling data quality and batch effects introduced in public data integration. Our results also suggest limitations of extended haplotype homozygosity-based method due to its compromised power in case the natural selection initiated long time ago and particularly in genomic regions with recombination hotspots.     

Evolutionary process of a tetranucleotide microsatellite locus in Acipenseriformes

The evolutionary dynamics of the tetra-nucleotide microsatellite locus Spl-106 were investigated at the repeat and flanking sequences in 137 individuals of 15 Acipenseriform species, giving 93 homologous sequences, which were detected in 11 out of 15 species. Twenty-three haplotypes of flanking sequences and three distinct types of repeats, type I, type II and type III, were found within these 93 sequences. The MS-Align phylogenetic method, newly applied to microsatellite sequences, permitted us to understand the repeat and flanking sequence evolution of Spl-106 locus. The flanking region of locus Spl-106 was highly conserved among the species of genera Acipenser, Huso and Scaphirhynchus, which diverged about 150 million years ago (Mya). The rate of flanking sequence divergence at the microsatellite locus Spl-106 in sturgeons is between 0.011% and 0.079% with an average at 0.028% per million years. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic trees produced by MS-Align showed that both the flanking and repeat regions can cluster the alleles of different species into Pacific and Atlantic lineages. Our results show a synchronous evolutionary pattern between the flanking and repeat regions. Moreover, the coexistence of different repeat types in the same species, even in the same individual, is probably due to two duplication events encompassing the locus Spl-106 that occurred during the divergence of Pacific lineage. The first occured before the diversification of Pacific species (121–96 Mya) and led to repeat types I and II. The second occurred more recently, just before the speciation of A. sinensis and A. dabryanus (69–10 Mya), and led to repeat type III. Sequences in the same species with different repeat types probably corresponds to paralogous loci. This study sheds a new light on the evolutionary mechanisms that shape the complex microsatellite loci involving different repeat types.     

LIGHT regulates inflamed draining lymph node hypertrophy

Lymph node (LN) hypertrophy, the increased cellularity of LNs, is the major indication of the initiation and expansion of the immune response against infection, vaccination, cancer, or autoimmunity. The mechanisms underlying LN hypertrophy remain poorly defined. In this article, we demonstrate that LIGHT (homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, and competes with HSV glycoprotein D for HVEM, a receptor expressed by lymphocytes) (TNFSF14) is a novel factor essential for LN hypertrophy after CFA immunization. Mechanistically, LIGHT is required for the influx of lymphocytes into but not egress out of LNs. In addition, LIGHT is required for dendritic cell migration from the skin to draining LNs. Compared with wild type mice, LIGHT(-)(/)(-) mice express lower levels of chemokines in skin and addressins in LN vascular endothelial cells after CFA immunization. We unexpectedly observed that LIGHT from radioresistant rather than radiosensitive cells, likely Langerhans cells, is required for LN hypertrophy. Importantly, Ag-specific T cell responses were impaired in draining LNs of LIGHT(-)(/)(-) mice, suggesting the importance of LIGHT regulation of LN hypertrophy in the generation of an adaptive immune response. Collectively, our data reveal a novel cellular and molecular mechanism for the regulation of LN hypertrophy and its potential impact on the generation of an optimal adaptive immune response.     

Phylogeography of two sympatric giant flying squirrel subspecies,Petaurista alborufus lena and P. philippensis grandis (Rodentia: Sciuridae), in Taiwan

To test the association between Pleistocene forest dynamics relative to elevation and the population dynamics of arboreal small mammals, we examined the phylogeographical predictions for the genetic structure of the red and white giant flying squirrel (Petaurista alborufus lena) and the Indian giant flying squirrel (P. philippensis grandis) using complete mitochondrial control region sequences. Both giant flying squirrels are endemic subspecies to Taiwan and are sympatric in much of their range. In the phylogenetic analyses, we included 35 specimens of P. alborufus lena collected from 20 localities and five specimens with unknown sampling localities. Also, we phylogenetically examined 32 specimens of P. philippensis grandis from 18 localities and three specimens with unknown sampling localities. We identified 36 haplotypes of P. alborufus lena and 33 haplotypes of P. philippensis grandis. Although we did not recognize major phylogroups, we found several minor phylogroups in both subspecies, suggesting similar evolutionary histories. Phylogeographical and demographic tests showed distributions of these two subspecies expanded into coniferous and mixed forests that developed during glaciation in Taiwan's lowlands and middle lands. This suggests that these two Petaurista subspecies shifted elevation from mountainous areas to lowlands during glaciation. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 102 , 404–419.