枝鞘藻属(Oedocladium Stahl,1891)在我国的首次发现

首次报道了作为鞘藻目中三个属之一的枝鞘藻属(Oedocladium),即勃氏枝鞘藻(Oedocladium prescottii)。     

Central neuropathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus infection of immunodeficient mice.

To determine whether central neuropathogenesis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection is regulated by T cells, we have examined the effects of intranasal infection of mice lacking T cells. The mice examined were of two kinds: (i) thymus-deficient BALB/c nu/nu nice and (ii) BALB/c mice experimentally depleted of T cells by systemic infusions of a monoclonal antibody to the CD4 or CD8 cell surface molecules. These mice were infected intranasally with a single dose of replication-competent VSV. Brain tissue homogenates were analyzed for the presence of infectious virus. For each population of mice, infection-related mortality was assessed. In histological sections of brain, the distribution of viral antigens (Ags) was examined by immunocytochemistry. We found that recovery of infectious virus from homogenates of tissues obtained from athymic nu/nu animals was more than 10 times greater than that from samples from their euthymic littermates. With a single exception in a BALB/c nu/nu mouse, virus was not isolated from the spleen when it was administered intranasally. In these experimental infections, athymic mice succumbed 1 to 2 days before their euthymic littermates. A dose of virus that resulted in half of the nu/+ survival rate was uniformly lethal to nu/nu mice. In experiments with BALB/c mice depleted of either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells by in vivo antibody treatment, histological analysis revealed an increase in viral Ag distribution in comparison with control (medium-infused) infected mice. Necrosis and inflammation paralleled the extent of viral Ag expression. Viral Ags were detected in discrete areas that usually remain uninfected in immunocompetent mice. These areas include the neocortex and caudate putamen nuclei, the piriform cortex, and the lateral olfactory tract. Neuronal loss and necrosis were consistently found in the olfactory bulb and the horizontal/vertical band of Broca. In some of the T-cell depleted mice, necrosis was also evident in the hippocampus, fimbria, mammillary bodies, and hypothalamic nuclei. In the brain stem, perivascular cuffing was evident, but with little necrosis. Collectively, these data suggest that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells make only a minor contribution to the development of histopathology but rather function together to limit viral replication and transsynaptic or ventricular spread of virus, thus promoting recovery. The primary effectors of histopathology appear to be related more to the cytopathologic nature of the virus infection and non-T-cell-mediated mechanisms.     

新拟除虫菊酯PY115及其立体异构体的杀虫活性的选择性

报道了新拟除虫菊酯PY115－α－（氰基－2－甲基－戊－2－烯基）－2,2－二甲基－3－（2,2－二氯乙烯基）－环丙烷羧酸酯及其立体异构体的杀虫选择性。PY115对库蚊的触杀、薰蒸作用明显高于甲醚菊酯、低于右旋丙烯菊酯。PY115的反体杀虫活性高于顺体;反体的两对外消旋体的杀虫活性亦具有明显的特异性,β体大于α体。     

从19世纪到建国之前西方国家对我国进行的植物资源调查

世界上任何一个国家,在历史进程达到了某一时期时,总免不了要和别的国家进行文化科学的交往。我国远在汉代,甚至更早,就有了这样的交往。到了16—18世纪,即明代后期和清代前期,西方的许多国家中的许多人,不断地来到我国,从事各种科学文     

板栗干腐病研究:Ⅱ.症状及病原

对板栗干腐病症状及病原的研究结果表明:1.板栗干腐病主要发生于种仁上,其病斑大小、质地不一。按色泽可分为褐、黑、白、灰、黄五类。果实其它部位也偶有症状产生;2.此病为多种真菌复合侵染所致。主要的致病菌有Phoma、Phomopsis、Dothiorella、Gloeosporium和Cytospora等属真菌,另有十余种弱寄生及腐生菌有时也混合发生。     

虹鳟鱼(Salmo grairdneri Richard)基因文库的构建及生长激素基因的克隆和亚克隆

以噬菌体EMBL3作为载体,构建了虹鳟鱼的全基因文库,制备了包装蛋白效率达4.6×10~8Pfu/μgDNA.基因文库重组噬菌的量为8.2×10~5pfu/μgDNA.同时用含虹鳟鱼生长激素基因cDNA的pAF-51△S作为探针,从该文库中筛选出两个阳性噬斑,复筛获得90％以上的阳性斑。并从阳性克隆中回收虹鳟收生长激素基因片段为6kb,亚克隆到puc-18质粒中,进行了酶切分析。     

Localization polymorphism of EBV DNA genomes in the chromosomes of Burkitt lymphoma cell lines

The localization of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in nuclei of the human lymphoblastoïd cell lines Raji, Jijoye, P₃HR-1, Daudi and Ramos was investigated by in situ hybridization with biotinylated EBV DNA probes. We found that all sites of hybridization were associated with the chromosomes. Only some of these sites were present on both chromatids and these had a non-random distribution; these sites could represent EBV sequences integrated at specific points on the chromosomes. The total mean site number corresponded with the number of viral DNA copies estimated in the different cell lines by other techniques, but the copy number was highly variable from cell to cell in a given line.     

Decreased SIRT3 in aged human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells increases cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress

Sirtuin3 (SIRT3) is an important member of the sirtuin family of protein deacetylases that is localized to mitochondria and linked to lifespan extension in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. As aged cells have less regenerative capacity and are more susceptible to oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of ageing on SIRT3 levels and its correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities. Here, we show that severe oxidative stress reduces SIRT3 levels in young human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs). Overexpression of SIRT3 improved hMSCs resistance to the detrimental effects of oxidative stress. By activating manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase (CAT), SIRT3 protects hMSCs from apoptosis under stress. SIRT3 expression, levels of MnSOD and CAT, as well as cell survival showed little difference in old versus young hMSCs under normal growth conditions, whereas older cells had a significantly reduced capacity to withstand oxidative stress compared to their younger counterparts. Expression of the short 28 kD SIRT3 isoform was higher, while the long 44 kD isoform expression was lower in young myocardial tissues compared with older ones. These results suggest that the active short isoform of SIRT3 protects hMSCs from oxidative injury by increasing the expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The expression of this short isoform decreases in cardiac tissue during ageing, leading to a reduced capacity for the heart to withstand oxidative stress.