Prevalence and evolution of drug resistance HIV-1 variants in Henan, China

To understand the prevalence and evolution of drug resistant HIV strains in Henan China after the implementation of free antiretroviral therapy for AIDS patients. 45 drug naive AIDS patients, 118 AIDS patients who received three months antiretroviral therapy and 124 AIDS patients who received six months antiretroviral treatment were recruited in the southern part of Henan province. Information on general condition, antiretroviral medicines, adherence and clinical syndromes were collected by face to face interview. Meanwhile, 14ml EDTA anticoagulant blood was drawn. CD4/CD8 T cell count, viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested. The rates of clinical improvement were 55.1% and 50.8% respectively three months and six months after antiretroviral therapy. The mean CD4 cell count after antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in drug naive patients. The prevalence rate of drug resistant HIV strains were 13.9%, 45.4% and 62.7% in drug naive patients, three month treatment patients and six month treatment patients, respectively. The number of resistance mutation codons and the frequency of mutations increased significantly with continued antiretroviral therapy. The mutation sites were primarily at the 103, 106 and 215 codons in the three-month treatment group and they increased to 15 codon mutations in the six-month treatment group. From this result, the evolution of drug resistant strains was inferred to begin with the high level NNRTI resistant strain, and then develop low level resistant strains to NRTIs. The HIV strains with high level resistance to NVP and low level resistance to AZT and DDI were highly prevalent because of the AZT＋DDI＋NVP combination therapy. These HIV strains were also cross resistant to DLV, EFV, DDC and D4T. Poor adherence to therapy was believed to be the main reason for the emergence and prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains. The prevalence of drug resistant HIV strains was increased with the continuation of antiretroviral therapy in the southern part of Henan province. Measures, that could promote high level adherence, provide new drugs and change ART regimens in failing patients, should be implemented as soon as possible.     

Characterization and catabolic genes analyses of oil-degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1217

One oil-degrading bacterial strain 1217 isolated from oil contaminated soil could degrade crude oil. It was identified and designated as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphology, physiology, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. The strain grew well at 5-65 ℃ with the initial pH of 2-10 and NaCl concentrations of 0%-9%. It grew well in the medium containing different organic substrates as sole carbon sources, such as n-dodecane, n-octadecane, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthaline. The degrading rates for hydrocarbons were 21.57% and 15.15% when it was cultured in minimal medium containing crude oil and different chain alkanes at 30 ℃ and 10 ℃ for 7 days. The bacterium produced biosurfactants with the surface tension reduction from 72.20 mN/m to 35.14 mN/m. The oil degrading related genes such as alkane monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase, biphenyl dioxygenase, ring hydroxylating dioxygenase and oxidoreductase genes were detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1217. The alkane monooxygenase and ring hydroxylating dioxygenase genes were further cloned and analyzed. The sequence similarities of the two genes with those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were 99.91% and 99.22% respectively. The isolated strain exhibits great potential for the bioremediation of the hydrocarbons contaminated environments.     

Study on intracellular trafficking of Mac-1 by direct visualization

Mac-1 (macrophage differentiation antigen asso-ciated with complement three receptor function), alsonamed CD11b/CD18, an adhesion molecule belongingresting leukocytes and at the surface of activated leu-kocytes (macrophages and neutrophils). Mac-1 playsan important role in the migration, chemotaxis and 2 Methodsphagocytosis of leukocytes[1]. Although there have 2.1 Observation of PMA-stimulated Mac-1 traffick-been several reports on the role of Mac-1 in neutrophil ingadh…     

狐源犬瘟热病毒H基因和F基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank发表的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核酸序列[CDV5804(AY386315)、CDV01-2689(AY649446)、CDV A75-17(AF164967)、CDV 00-2601(AY443350)、CDV 98-2645(AY445077)、CDV 98-2654(AY466011)和CDV Onderstepoort (AF378705)],分别设计合成扩增CDV H基因和F基因的引物.采用RT-PCR技术扩增狐源CDV泰安株(CDV-FOX-TA)H基因和F基因,分别将H基因与F基因克隆进这pMD18-T载体,进行序列分析.结果表明,CDV-FOX-TA株H基因有1个ORF,全长1 842bp,编码607个氨基酸,与CDV Onderstpoort、CDV Convac的同源性分别为89.2%和90.6%,与CDV LP的同源性为98.7%.CDV-FOX-TA F基因有1个ORF,全长1 889bp,编码662个氨基酸,CDV F蛋白信号肽区域易发生突变,但F0蛋白裂解点(RRQRR)、13个半胱氨酸残基、4个潜在的天冬氨酰糖基化位点和2个疏水区都高度保守.CDV H基因和F基因系统发生分析表明,CDV-FOX-TA与CDV A75-17和CDV LP亲源关系较为密切.     

四川人工林生态系统碳储量特征

利用森林资源清查资料和标准地实测数据估算了四川人工林生态系统的碳密度、碳储量及分配特征.结果表明:四川人工林生态系统平均碳密度为161.16 Mg C·hm^-2,各层碳密度从大到小排序为土壤层(141.64 Mg C·hm^-2)＞乔木层(17.95 Mg C·hm^-2)＞枯落物层(1.06 Mg C·hm^-2)＞灌草层(0.52 Mg C·hm^-2).四川人工林生态系统总碳储量为573.57 Tg C,其中乔木层、灌草层、枯落物层和土壤层分别为63.88、1.836、3.764和504.09 Tg C,分别占总碳量的11.14%、0.32%、0.66%和87.88%.不同人工林生态系统的碳储量和碳密度差异较大,分别介于1.21～99.44 Tg C和75.50～251.74 Mg C·hm^-2之间,其空间分配也表现为土壤层最大、灌草层最小.但四川省人工林生态系统乔木层碳密度较低,幼、中龄林分比重大,如果对现有人工林加以更好的管理,碳吸存潜力较大.从生态系统水平监测人工林生态系统的碳储量有助于提高森林碳吸存估算的精度.     

DNA鉴定技术在法科学中的应用

人类基因组遗传多态现象研究的深入,导致了法科学领域个体识别和亲权鉴定发生根本性变化。本文就新的遗传标记和各种DNA鉴定技术在法科学中的研究进展、应用前景与亟待解决的问题进行了探讨。 Abstract：With the study advances on DNA polymorphism of human genome,radical changes have been taking place in forensic individual identification and paternity tests.In this paper,we introduced research progress of new genetic markers,their applications and problems should be solved urgently in the field of DNA-based identity test in forensic sciences.     

抗生素对大豆愈伤组织的诱导和生长的影响

用红霉素、头孢唑啉钠、头孢拉定、头孢霉素(国产和进口)等5种抗生素对农杆菌LBA4404进行抑菌试验,以头孢霉素的抑菌效果最好.头孢霉素作为抑菌剂用于大豆遗传转化试验时,在下胚轴浓度以300mg/L,在子叶节以500mg/L为宜.大豆品种对卡那霉素的反应在出愈率上表现相似,在褐化率上表现有些不同.大豆不同外植体对卡那霉素的反应存在较大差异,以真叶反应最敏感,下胚轴反应最迟钝.在以卡那霉素作为抗性选择标记时,选择压力真叶和子叶节以50～100mg,L为好,下胚轴以100～200mg/L为宜。 Ahstract:The experiment of inhibiting Agrobacterium LBA4404 was undertaken with 5 antibiotics (the Erythronycin Base,Cefazolin Sodium,Cefradine,2 kinds of Cefotaximes).Among them,Cefotaxime showed the best effect.When Cefotaxime is used in transformation,the ideal concentration is 300mg/L in hypocotyl and 500mg/L in cotyledon node.The response of soybean varieties to Kanamycin is similar in induction of callus rate and is different in brown rate of callus.Differences of the response of soybean explants to Kanamycin were found.The young leaves are sensitive to Kanamycin,but hypoeotyl is not.The ideal selecting pressure of Kanamycin is 50- l00mg/L in young leaf and cotyledon node,andl00-200mg/L in hypocotyl when Kanamycin is used as selection marker.     

乌羊和小香羊的RAPD分析

用40条多态引物对乌羊、小香羊、南江黄羊、黑山羊、川东白山羊、波尔山羊和马头山羊7个品种（或群体）进行RAPD分析,其中28条引物扩增出多态性普带,并用于进一步对12只乌羊个体和12只小香羊个体基因组进行扩增。扩增产物以1．5％琼脂糖凝胶（含0．5μg/ml溴化乙锭）电泳分离。Nei氏计算品种间的遗传距离指数和品种内的遗传相似指数。NJ法构建系统聚类图。结果表明：乌羊和川东白山羊间的遗传距离最小,亲缘关系较近,而小香羊与品种间的遗传距离都较大,亲缘关系较远。乌羊群体及小香羊品种都具有一定的遗传稳定性。     

Small RNAs in pollen

In plants, each pollen mother cell undergoes two rounds of cell divisions to form a mature pollen grain, which contains a vegetative cell(VC) and two sperm cells(SC). As a companion cell, the VC carries the SCs to an ovule by germinating a pollen tube. In-depth sequencing analyses of mature pollen showed that micro RNAs(mi RNAs) and short interfering RNAs(si RNAs) are present in both the VC and SCs. Additionally, epigenetically-regulated transposable elements(TEs) are reactivated in the VC and these TE m RNAs are further processed into 21-nt epigenetically reactivated si RNA(easiR NA) in SCs, which prevent 24-nt si RNA accumulation and sequester mi RNA loading. Small RNAs are thought to move from the VC to SCs, where they regulate gene expression and reinforce TE silencing. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the biogenesis and function of mi RNAs, si RNAs, and easi RNAs in pollen, emphasizing how these different small RNAs coordinately contribute to sperm cell formation and TE silencing.