海洋鱼产品品质的影响因素及其标准化

影响海洋鱼产品品质的因素有很多,如鱼体含水量、肉质及传统加工过程中一些原料的用量(如糟制过程中食盐、酒糟等的加入量)、贮藏过程中贮藏条件的改变等,加工和贮藏过程中水分活度、色泽、pH、酸价、过氧化物值、硫化巴比妥酸值、挥发性盐基氮、蛋白质水解程度及微生物等一些指标可以反映海洋鱼产品的品质。本文对影响海洋鱼产品品质的因素及上述指标一些常用的检测方法进行阐述,并简要论述国内外海洋鱼产品的标准化,以期对控制海洋鱼产品品质提供借鉴。     

应用奥曲肽预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏作用的研究

目的:预防性使用奥曲肽是否能减少胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏发生率存在着争议。本研究旨在研究奥曲肽在不同胰腺情况下预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰漏发生的作用。方法:本研究将"软胰腺"、"细胰管"作为术后胰漏发生的高危险因素,将184例胰十二指肠切除术病例分为4组:低危险/非奥曲肽组、低危险/奥曲肽组、高危险/非奥曲肽组、高危险/奥曲肽组。观察术后胰漏等术后并发症情况。结果:共发生术后胰漏35例(19%),其中高危险组胰漏发生率是低危险组2倍以上(27%versus 10%,P<0.01)。在胰漏发生低危险胰腺情况下,奥曲肽组与非奥曲肽组术后胰漏发生无显著差别;在胰漏发生高危险胰腺情况下,奥曲肽能显著降低术后胰漏发生率。结论:在胰十二指肠切除术围手术期应根据胰腺的具体情况选择性使用奥曲肽既能有效预防术后胰漏的发生,又能避免不必要的浪费。     

拉西地平对高温高湿应激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞GRP78 和CHOP 表达的影响

目的:探讨钙离子拮抗剂拉西地平对高温高湿应激大鼠血管平滑肌细胞内内质网应激相关因子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(glucose-regulated protein of 78kD,GRP78)和C/EBP环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合转录因子同源蛋白(CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein,CHOP)表达的影响。方法:将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、高温高湿组、拉西地平组,每组20只。按实验时间(2w、4w、6w、8w)的不同,各组又分为4个亚组,每个亚组5只大鼠。用颈动脉插管法测定各组大鼠的平均动脉压(MAP);用免疫组织化学法检测GRP78和CHOP的表达水平。结果:①高温高湿各组的MAP随着实验时间的延长呈逐渐递增的趋势,高温高湿4w、6w、8w亚组的MAP均显著高于相应的对照组和拉西地平组(P<0.05)。②随着实验时间的延长,高温高湿组GRP78表达量不断增加,6w达到最大值,8w表达减弱。高温高湿4w、6w、8w亚组GRP78表达量均高于相应对照组和拉西地平组,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。③高温高湿组2w、4w、6w、8w亚组CHOP表达量组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),8w亚组表达达到最高值;高温高湿组6w、8w亚组与相应对照组和拉西地平组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:高温高湿应激可引起血管平滑肌细胞内质网应激反应,导致GRP78表达及CHOP表达的不对称增加,提示高温高湿应激可引起血管平滑肌细胞的损害;拉西地平可以减轻内质网应激,逆转高温高湿应激所致的血管平滑肌细胞的损伤作用,对血管平滑肌细胞有保护作用。     

持续皮下输注赖脯胰岛素治疗老年非初诊2 型糖尿病患者临床观察

目的:观察比较持续皮下输注赖脯胰岛素与常规注射预混赖脯胰岛素对老年非初诊2型糖尿病患者的疗效与安全性。方法:将58例老年2型糖尿病患者随机分为观察组(29例)与对照组(29例),观察组用赖脯胰岛素经胰岛素泵持续皮下输注(CSI-I),对照组用精蛋白锌重组赖脯胰岛素25注射液,2次/d,常规皮下注射。两组患者均给予糖尿病教育、饮食控制及适量运动,共治疗2周。比较治疗前后两组患者的血糖、胰岛素用量、血糖达标时间以及低血糖发生率。结果:治疗后两组患者空腹血糖、餐后血糖均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),观察组血糖达标时间、胰岛素用量均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组低血糖发生率无明显差异。结论:持续皮下输注赖脯胰岛素具有较好的疗效与安全性,是控制老年非初诊2型糖尿病患者较佳的方法。     

CHEK2*1100delC and susceptibility to breast cancer: a collaborative analysis involving 10,860 breast cancer cases and 9,065 controls from 10 studies

Previous studies of families with multiple cases of breast cancer have indicated that a frameshift alteration in the CHEK2 gene, 1100delC, is associated with an elevated frequency of breast cancer in such families, but the risk associated with the variant in other situations is uncertain. To evaluate the breast cancer risk associated with this variant, 10,860 breast cancer cases and 9,065 controls from 10 case-control studies in five countries were genotyped. CHEK2*1100delC was found in 201 cases (1.9%) and 64 controls (0.7%) (estimated odds ratio 2.34; 95% CI 1.72–3.20; P=.0000001). There was some evidence of a higher prevalence of CHEK2*1100delC among cases with a first-degree relative affected with breast cancer (odds ratio 1.44; 95% CI 0.93–2.23; P=.10) and of a trend for a higher breast cancer odds ratio at younger ages at diagnosis (P=.002). These results confirm that CHEK2*1100delC confers an increased risk of breast cancer and that this risk is apparent in women unselected for family history. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CHEK2*1100delC multiplies the risks associated with susceptibility alleles in other genes to increase the risk of breast cancer.     

C-met及相关基因在m大鼠胰腺发育功能完善中的表达

目的：研究原癌基因c—met及其相关基因在大鼠胰腺发育及细胞功能完善过程中的表达。方法：采用高密度寡核苷酸芯片（Affymetrix芯片）对孕12．5（E12．5）、E15．5和E18．5、新生、成年胰腺进行基因转录水平分析,并用RT—PCR验证基因在大鼠胰腺不同发育时期的表达。结果：c—met基因在E15．5、E18．5较成年特异高表达。芯片中c—met转录调控基因和信号传导通路相关基因的表达趋势与c—met高度相似。RT—PCR（所用引物设计区域与芯片相同）验证,c—met表达趋势与芯片结果相符;与芯片c—met探针所用引物不同RT—PCR,结果却在各发育阶段呈现与芯片不同的表达趋势。结论：提示c—met可能在胰腺发育细胞功能完善的关键阶段起调控作用,参与胚胎胰腺发育中晚期细胞功能完善的信号传导过程。并且c—met在胰腺发育中发挥作用有可能存在不同转录本。     

昆仑山北坡前山带塔里木沙拐枣对不同海拔生境的生理生态响应

在全面调查昆仑山北坡前山带塔里木沙拐枣(Calligonumroborovskii A.Los.)分布的基础上,设置3个海拔梯度:A1(2190m)、A2(2355m)、A3(2495m),对不同海拔梯度塔里木沙拐枣的生理生态特性进行研究。结果显示:叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和总叶绿素(chl(a+b))含量均随着海拔的上升而增大,高海拔A3与低海拔A1相比,Chla、Chlb和Chl(a+b)含量分别增大了48.30%、40.10%和43.71%,差异均达显著水平(P0.05)。SLA和Nmass随着海拔的升高都增大,A3与A1相比分别增大了33.99%和20.97%,差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。LMA随着海拔升高而减小,A3与A1相比减小了30.15%,差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。丙二醛(MDA)含量和质膜透性(MP)变化较为一致,随着海拔上升而减小,A3与A1相比分别减小了184.06%和58.33%,差异均达显著水平(P0.05),说明在A1受到的伤害更大。类胡萝卜素(Car)、脯氨酸(Pro)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量随着海拔的上升呈下降趋势,A3与A1相比分别下降了65.88%、290.21%和38.97%,差异均达显著水平(P0.05),说明A1处非酶类保护物质含量最高。酶保护系统中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX),只有CAT活性随海拔上升而升高,其余3种酶的活性均随着海拔的升高而降低,A3与A1相比分别降低了18.75%、122.37%、23.03%%,差异均达到显著水平(P0.05)。与此同时,随着海拔的升高,超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量也呈下降趋势,A3与A1相比分别下降了54.48%、9.69%,差异达显著水平(P0.05)。在整个研究区域,AOS维持在低浓度范围,而低浓度AOS正好诱导防御基因表达,及时清除活性氧,另外非酶类保护物质含量的增加也有利于清除细胞内的活性氧,维持细胞膜的稳定性,从而保证塔里木沙拐枣正常的生理功能。     

In vitro Anti-viral Activity of the Total Alkaloids from Tripterygium hypoglaucum against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared ...     

脆性组氨酸三联体基因小干扰RNA的构建及干扰效果检测

目的:构建脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)基因的小干扰RNA(siRNA),并检测其对293T细胞内源性FHIT基因表达的干扰效果。方法:根据FHIT基因序列,通过生物信息学网站预测可能的siRNA,从中筛选出2条合理的FHIT-siRNA,将其克隆到siRNA表达载体pSilencer2.1-U6Hygro中,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取阳性克隆进行测序鉴定;将构建成功的FHIT-siRNA重组载体转染人胚肾细胞293T,Western印迹检测siRNA对293T内源性FHIT表达的干扰效果。结果:构建了2个FHIT-siRNA重组质粒,2条siRNA都有干扰作用,其中一条的作用效果可达50%以上。结论:构建的FHIT-siRNA为进一步研究FHIT的功能提供了有利的工具。     

Ezetimibe blocks the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol in mouse small intestine

The multiple transmembrane protein Niemann-Pick C1 like1 (NPC1L1) is essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption. Ezetimibe binds to NPC1L1 and is a clinically used cholesterol absorption inhibitor. Recent studies in cultured cells have shown that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol uptake through vesicular endocytosis that can be blocked by ezetimibe. However, how NPC1L1 and ezetimibe work in the small intestine is unknown. In this study, we found that NPC1L1 distributed in enterocytes of villi and transit-amplifying cells of crypts. Acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), another important protein for cholesterol absorption by providing cholesteryl esters to chylomicrons, was mainly presented in the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. NPC1L1 and ACAT2 were highly expressed in jejunum and ileum. ACAT1 presented in the Paneth cells of crypts and mesenchymal cells of villi. In the absence of cholesterol, NPC1L1 was localized on the brush border of enterocytes. Dietary cholesterol induced the internalization of NPC1L1 to the subapical layer beneath the brush border and became partially colocalized with the endosome marker Rab11. Ezetimibe blocked the internalization of NPC1L1 and cholesterol and caused their retention in the plasma membrane. This study demonstrates that NPC1L1 mediates cholesterol entering enterocytes through vesicular endocytosis and that ezetimibe blocks this step in vivo.