Acquirement and characterization of a carotenoid mutant (GM309) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 601

A green mutant was obtained among the chemically induced mutants of Rhodo-bacter sphaeroides 601 (RS601) and named GM309. A blue shift of 20 nm of the carotenoid absorption spectrum was found in the light-harvesting complex II (LH2) of GM309. Different from LH2 of RS601, it was found that the carotenoids in GM309-LH2 changed to be neurosporene by mutation. Neurosporene lacks a conjugate double bond, compared with the spheroidene in RS601-LH2 which has ten conjugate double bonds. As shown by absorption and circular di-chroism spectroscopy, the overall structure of GM309-LH2 is little affected by this change. From fluorescence emission spectra, it is found that GM309-LH2 can transfer energy from carotenoids to Bchl-B850 without any change in efficiency. But the efficiency of energy transfer from B800 to B850 in GM309-LH2 is decreased to be 42% of that of the native. This work would provide a novel method to investigate the mechanism of excitation energy transfer in LH2.     

胃蛋白酶水解绿豆分离蛋白的工艺

选用胃蛋白酶对绿豆分离蛋白进行酶法水解,考察了原料预处理条件、pH、温度、底物浓度等对酶解的影响,结果表明：原料预处理最适条件为沸水浴中90℃处理20min,在37℃、pH1．8、底物质量分数7％、酶量6000U／g条件下酶解180min,水解度（DH％）为19．86％,达到了制备小肽的水解度要求。实验证明,经过水解,绿豆分离蛋白各功能特性得到很好的改善。     

Changes of microcirculation in healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock in Xining

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristic of microcirculation in healthy volunteers and patients with septic shock in both Xining(2 260 m) and Nanjing(10 m). Methods: A total of 62 cases, 33 healthy volunteers, 22 cases in Xining,(2 260 m above sea level) and 11 cases in Nanjing(10 m above sea level); and 29 septic shock, 13 cases in Xining and 16 cases in Nanjing were collected. The total vessel density(TVD), perfused vessel density(PVD), proportion of perfused vessel(PPV) and microcirculation flow index(MFI) of both healthy volunteers and septic shock had been investigated by using sidestream dark field(SDF). Analyzed and managed the image data by using AVA3.0 software. Results: In the healthy volunteers in Xining area(22 cases),the volume of TVD(15.59 ± 2.58 mm/mm~2), PVD(15.58 ± 2.58 mm/mm~2) and PPV(96.60% ± 4.63%) were significant higher than the volume of TVD(10.0 ± 2.10 mm/mm~2), PVD(10.81 ± 2.38 mm/mm~2) and PPV(84.24% ± 8.00%) of the volunteers(11 cases) in Nanjing(11 cases). But the MFI(2.17 ± 0.31) of the healthy volunteers in the Xining was significant lower(P0.05) than the MFI(3.21 ± 0.34) in the healthy volunteers of Nanjing. In the septic shock group(13 cases) in the Xining, the volume of TVD(5.44 ± 1.94 mm/mm~2), PVD(4.18 ± 1.61 mm/mm~2), PPV(42.14%± 5.38%) and MFI(1.05 ± 0.32) compared with the volume of the healthy volunteers in Xining, the TVD(15.59 ± 2.58 mm/mm~2), PVD(5.58 ± 2.58 mm/mm~2), PPV(96.60% ± 4.63%) and MFI(2.17 ± 0.30) were significant lower(P0.05). In the healthy volunteers compare with septic shock group in Nanjing area, the TVD(6.80±1.72 vs 10.00±2.10, P0.05), PVD(5.86±1.58 vs10.81±2.38,P0.05), PPV(45.42±4.86 vs 84.24±4.86, P0.05), MFI(1.28±0.28 vs 3.21±0.34 P0.05), there was significant decreased. In the septic shock group in the Xining compared with the septic shock in Nanjing, there was no significant difference. 10 of 13 patients with septic shock were survived in Xining. 13 of 16 patients with septic shock were survived in Nanjing. Conclusion: The changes of physiological and pathophysiological characteristic in microcirculation induced by hypoxia would be useful for clinical treatment of septic shock at high altitude.     

黄牛Ag-NOR染色体联合的类型和频率

用银染技术对中国4个黄牛品种(蒙古牛、秦川牛、岭南牛和西镇牛)40头牛的Ag-NOR联合的类型和频率进行了分析.结果表明,黄牛每个体细胞Ag-NOR联合可出现一个、两个或多个;蒙古牛、秦川牛、岭南牛和西镇牛Ag-NOR联合的频率分别为0.135、0.149、0.146和0.153.其中有一个联合的细胞占总的有联合细胞的比率分别为0.802、0.891、0.861和0.871.牛Ag-NOR联合的类型可分为链状联合,对称联合,环状联合和堆集联合4种,其中链状联合占60%～70%以上,对称联合占20%～30%.后两种占5%～10%.经分析表明,Ag-N(R联合的类型和频率可能具有种族特征,而不存在品种差异。 Abstract:The type and frequency of Ag-NORs combination of 40 individuals of four native cattle breeds(Mongolian,Qinchuan,Lingnan and Xizhen cattle)in China were analyzed by silver staining technique.The results showed that one,two or more Ag-NORs combinations appeared in metaphase cells of the cattle.The aerage freuency of Ag-NORs combination in each metaphase cell of Mongolian,Qinchuan,Lingnan and Xizhen cattle breeds was 0.135,0.149,0.146 and 0.153 respectively.Four types of Ag-NORs combination:cateniform with frquency 60%～70%,symmetry with 20%～30%,circularity and pile with 5%～10% were observed.The analysis showed that the type and frequency of Ag-NORs combination could perhaps be species characteristics and not breed characteristics.～     

植物体内硒和硫的相互作用

植物体内硒,硫和同化途径类似,硒和硫的相互作用表现在植物中硒和硫的吸收,运输和积累过程以及植物硒甲基化过程中,可影响植物生长发育及品质成分,这种相互作用随植物种类,硒和硫形态,浓度,植物的生育期,以及生长部位的不同而呈现出不同的特点。     

澳门死鸟数量的区域分布和季节变化

从2005年11月至2006年12月,共捡到死鸟866只.澳门地区所捡死鸟数量在各区域分布非常不均匀(F2,39=9.824, P=0.003),以澳门半岛发现的死鸟数量最多,占总数量的73.2%,而氹仔和路环发现的死鸟数量分别占总数量的14.3%和12.5%.澳门地区死鸟平均密度为3±0.5只/ km2·yr (1～6只/ km2·yr).死鸟在一年中的分布不均匀,以2～7月死鸟数量多,而8～12月死鸟少,但差异不显著(F13,28=0.598,P=0.825).每月死鸟总数量与月平均最高气温、月平均相对湿度相关(F2,11=5.466, P=0.022),回归方程是Y=3.624X1-4.321X2(X1=月平均湿度,X2=月平均最高气温).表明每月死鸟数量与月平均湿度正相关,即湿度越大、死亡的鸟数量越多;而与月平均最高气温负相关,即平均最高气温越高,鸟类死亡数量越少.鸟类死亡数量与风速和降雨量没有关系.分析认为,目前澳门地区死鸟平均密度可能被低估,但澳门半岛死鸟密度(61只/ km2·yr)基本能反映该环境下的野生鸟类死亡密度.     

中草药复方对草鱼鱼种肠道菌群与血液有形成分的影响

目的探讨中草药复方对鱼种肠道菌群和血液有形成分的影响。方法以草鱼鱼种为动物模型,分别采用平板倾注法和ATB半自动化细菌鉴定法,测定投喂中草药复方药饵前、后鱼种肠道菌群数量及其优势菌群种类。同时使用常规计数法和改良沙利法,测定鱼种血液中红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白的含量。结果对照组鱼种肠道内的细菌总数为6．6×10^8CFU／g,其优势菌群为气单胞菌、假单胞菌和肠杆菌;投喂2．5％、5．0％和7．5％中草药复方药饵10d后,其肠道内细菌总数均有所减少,分别为3．0×10^7CFU／g、5．0×10^6CFU／g和1．5×10^7CFU／g,其优势菌群为吲哚黄杆菌、产碱假单胞菌和野油菜黄单胞菌。实验组与对照组鱼种的红细胞数量差异无显著性,但白细胞与血红蛋白的含量差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论以黄连、大黄、金银花、连翘、黄芪和甘草组成的中草药复方对鱼种肠道菌群和血液有形成分均有一定影响,表现出该复方具有较好的免疫抗病作用。     

细菌抗单宁作用机制及其意义

单宁存在于多种植物中,具有广普抑菌作用,然而自然界中的一些细菌具有抗单宁的特性。综述了细菌抗单宁抑制作用的机制,包括单宁结构的改变、单宁的降解、酶解,高亲和作用的钝化,细胞膜的改变、修复,金属酶的组成改变,为细菌抗单宁作用及其应用提供思路。