神经递质和调质参与导水管周围灰质痛觉调控的研究进展

导水管周围灰质(periaqueductal gray,PAG)在疼痛的调控过程中处于一个不可或缺的位置.其不仅是痛觉信息上行传递的重要部位,还是疼痛抑制系统的重要组成部分.在PAG,包括γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)和谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)在内的神经递质以及内源性阿片肽(endogenous opioid peptides,EOP)和内源性大麻素(endocannabinoid,e CB)为代表的神经调质都参与了PAG对疼痛的信息传递以及调节.本文重点综述GABA、5-HT、Glu、EOP和eCB在PAG参与疼痛生理调控机制的研究进展,以期为中枢神经系统的镇痛研究提供一定的理论基础.     

损伤神经自发放电节律变化中的混沌与降发现象

秋阐明损伤神经自发放电的动力学机制，长时间顺序记录大鼠损伤坐骨神经单纤维自发放电的动作电位间期序列（ＩＳＩ）。在损伤位点应用钾通道阻断剂ＴＥＡ，发现了周期一与周期二之间存在混沌的节律形式，并初步探讨了在这种情况下进入混沌的道路。应用分叉图、回归映象、功率谱等非线性动力学方法分析和对比了实验与数学模型中的非线性现象，使实验结果的可靠性得到了进一步的证明。     

新城疫现毒F和HN蛋白的氨基酸序列对其毒力的影响

新城疫病毒 (Ｎｅｗｃａｓｔｌｅｄｉｓｅａｓｅｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＮＤＶ)属副粘病毒科副粘病毒属 ,为不分节的负极性单股ＲＮＡ病毒 ,有囊膜。它虽只有一个血清型 ,但不同毒株的致病力差异较大 ,有强毒株、中毒株和弱毒株之分。业已证明 ,ＮＤＶ不存在先天性控制病毒致病性基因 ,不同的毒株都含有相同的基因组和结构蛋白质组分。1 .ＮＤＶ的结构蛋白质及其功能ＮＤＶ由囊膜和核衣壳组成。其基因组由 1 5 0 0 0个碱基组成 ,分子量为 5 .5× 1 0 6 。ＮＤＶ含有 6种特异性结构蛋白质 ,即Ｌ、ＮＰ、Ｐ、ＨＮ、Ｆ和Ｍ蛋白。Ｌ、ＮＰ和Ｐ三种蛋白质称…     

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）的研究进展

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）是一种广泛存在于真菌、植物、哺乳动物中的去糖基化酶，可以水解N-糖蛋白或 N-糖肽上天冬酰胺与寡糖链连接的化学键，并释放出完整的N-寡糖。PNGase在生物体内参与蛋白质降解、器官发育、个体生长等过程。人PNGase基因功能缺陷会导致先天性去糖基化障碍，小鼠PNGase缺陷会导致胚胎致死性，线虫PNGase缺陷使其寿命下降。本文对PNGase在不同物种的分布、蛋白质结构、酶学功能及生物学功能进行阐述，为PNGase的生理病理功能及致病机制的基础研究提供思路，为PNGase作为糖生物学工具酶或药物开发的创新应用研究奠定基础。     

KATP通道介导异氟醚所致的冠状动脉细小分支的舒张

目的和方法：用微血管口径直接测量技术，评介挥发性麻醉气体Ｉｓｏｆｌｕｒａｎｅ，ＫＡＴＰ通道开放剂ｃｒｏｍａｋａｌｉｒｎ和非特异笥血管扩张剂ｓｏｄｉｕｍ ｎｉｔｒｏｐｒｕｓｓｉｄｅ对精冠状动脉和细小分支直径的作用，并研究了ＫＡＴＰ通道阻ｇｌｉｂｅｎｅｌａｎｉｄｅ对血管口径的影响。结果：Ｃｄｉｂｅｎｃｌａｍｉｄｅ显著 Ｉｓｏｎｕｒａｎｅ和ｃｒｏｍａｌｋａｌｉｍ的血管扩张作用，而ｓｏｄｉｕｍｎｉｔｒｏｐ     

A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对母婴健康结局影响的研究进展

综述了国内外研究中ω-3 PUFAs补充与妊娠期间母婴健康结局的关系以及目前推荐摄入的国家的现状和推荐后所带来的健康效益，为我国妇女在妊娠期间是否需要补充剂ω-3 PUFAs以及其推荐摄入量提供科学依据。     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素、8-OHdG表达及其与认知功能的相关性

本研究旨在探究老年2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)表达变化及其与认知功能的相关性,通过选取本院2016年2月至2017年2月收治的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据有无认知功能损害分为2组,并选取同期100名健康体检者。检查入组人群血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平,并对临床资料进行分析。结果发现糖尿病患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平高于健康人群(p0.05);糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平高于糖尿病患者(p0.05)。糖尿病患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分、数字广度测验得分低于健康人群,连线测验完成时间高于人群(p0.05);糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分、数字广度测验得分低于糖尿病患者无认知功能障碍者,连线测验完成时间高于糖尿病患者无认知功能障碍者(p0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,发现2型糖尿病患者MoCA评分与年龄、BMI、糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、HBA1c、血浆脂联素水平、血浆8-OHdG水平呈负相关,与受教育年限呈正相关(p0.05)。结果说明2型糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平升高,且与患者认知功能呈负相关;临床中可通过检测血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平,对糖尿病患者认知功能进行初步评估,以指导后续治疗。     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.