新年寄语

时光荏苒,岁月如梭,伴随着新年的轻快脚步,历史准时翻开了它崭新的篇章。值此2012年新春之际,我谨代表《植物生理学报》,向本刊的读者、作者、审稿专家、编委以及所有关心和支持本刊的朋友们表示诚挚的问候、衷心的感谢和美好的祝愿!感谢大家对本     

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）的研究进展

N-糖蛋白去糖基化酶（PNGase）是一种广泛存在于真菌、植物、哺乳动物中的去糖基化酶，可以水解N-糖蛋白或 N-糖肽上天冬酰胺与寡糖链连接的化学键，并释放出完整的N-寡糖。PNGase在生物体内参与蛋白质降解、器官发育、个体生长等过程。人PNGase基因功能缺陷会导致先天性去糖基化障碍，小鼠PNGase缺陷会导致胚胎致死性，线虫PNGase缺陷使其寿命下降。本文对PNGase在不同物种的分布、蛋白质结构、酶学功能及生物学功能进行阐述，为PNGase的生理病理功能及致病机制的基础研究提供思路，为PNGase作为糖生物学工具酶或药物开发的创新应用研究奠定基础。     

香之道：吸引与护佑

迷人的芳香，起源自生物生存繁衍的需要，飘散到人类生活的各个领域。它既能安神开窍，又可祛病疗疾；既能悠然于书斋琴房，又可缥缈于庙宇神坛。它被赋予了神性与美感。古往今来，香已经逐渐成为我们生活中不可或缺的味道。     

A Putative Calcium-Permeable Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel, CNGC18, Regulates Polarized Pollen Tube Growth

A tip-focused Ca^2＋ gradient is tightly coupled to polarized pollen tube growth, and tip-localized influxes of extracellular Ca^2＋ are required for this process. However the molecular identity and regulation of the potential Ca^2＋ channels remains elusive. The present study has implicated CNGC18 （cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 18） in polarized pollen tube growth, because its overexpression induced wider and shorter pollen tubes. Moreover, CNGC18 overexpression induced depolarization of pollen tube growth was suppressed by lower extracellular calcium （[Ca^2＋]ex）. CNGC18-yellow fluorescence protein （YFP） was preferentially localized to the apparent post-Golgi vesicles and the plasma membrane （PM） in the apex of pollen tubes. The PM localization was affected by tip-localized ROP1 signaling. Expression of wild type ROP1 or an active form of ROP1 enhanced CNGC18-YFP localization to the apical region of the PM, whereas expression of RopGAP1 （a ROP1 deactivator） blocked the PM localization. These results support a role for PM-Iocalized CNGC18 in the regulation of polarized pollen tube growth through its potential function in the modulation of calcium influxes.     

Effects of the supply levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed traits of Chenopodium glaucum

全球氮沉降不仅改变土壤氮和磷的有效性, 同时也改变氮磷比例。氮磷供应量、比例及其交互作用可能会影响植物种子性状。该研究在内蒙古草原基于沙培盆栽实验种植灰绿藜(Chenopodium glaucum), 设置3个氮磷供应量水平和3个氮磷比例的正交实验来探究氮磷供应量、比例及其交互作用对灰绿藜种子性状的影响。结果发现氮磷供应量对种子氮浓度、磷浓度和萌发率影响的相对贡献(15%-24%)大于氮磷比例(3%-7%), 而种子大小只受氮磷比例的影响。同时氮磷供应量和比例之间的交互作用显著影响种子氮浓度和磷浓度。同等氮磷比例情况下, 低量养分供应提高种子氮浓度、磷浓度和萌发率。氮磷比例只有在养分匮乏的环境中才会对种子大小和萌发率产生显著影响。总之, 灰绿藜种子不同性状对氮或磷限制的敏感性不同, 同时种子性状也对养分限制表现出适应性和被动响应。     

ω-3 多不饱和脂肪酸对母婴健康结局影响的研究进展

综述了国内外研究中ω-3 PUFAs补充与妊娠期间母婴健康结局的关系以及目前推荐摄入的国家的现状和推荐后所带来的健康效益，为我国妇女在妊娠期间是否需要补充剂ω-3 PUFAs以及其推荐摄入量提供科学依据。     

植物精细胞及其研究概况

本文介绍了植物精细胞的基础知识及其相关问题的最新研究成果概况,并评述了目前的研究现状。     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素、8-OHdG表达及其与认知功能的相关性

本研究旨在探究老年2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)表达变化及其与认知功能的相关性,通过选取本院2016年2月至2017年2月收治的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,根据有无认知功能损害分为2组,并选取同期100名健康体检者。检查入组人群血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平,并对临床资料进行分析。结果发现糖尿病患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平高于健康人群(p0.05);糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平高于糖尿病患者(p0.05)。糖尿病患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分、数字广度测验得分低于健康人群,连线测验完成时间高于人群(p0.05);糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者MMSE评分、MoCA评分、数字广度测验得分低于糖尿病患者无认知功能障碍者,连线测验完成时间高于糖尿病患者无认知功能障碍者(p0.05)。经Spearman相关性分析,发现2型糖尿病患者MoCA评分与年龄、BMI、糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、HBA1c、血浆脂联素水平、血浆8-OHdG水平呈负相关,与受教育年限呈正相关(p0.05)。结果说明2型糖尿病伴认知功能障碍患者血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平升高,且与患者认知功能呈负相关;临床中可通过检测血浆脂联素、8-OHdG水平,对糖尿病患者认知功能进行初步评估,以指导后续治疗。     

The relationship between the reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate induced by defoliator and the growth and mortality of trees

Large scale herbivorous insect outbreaks can cause death of regional forests, and the events are expected to be exacerbated with climate change. Mortality of forest and woodland plants would cause a series of serious consequences, such as decrease in vegetation production, shifts in ecosystem structure and function, and transformation of forest function from a net carbon sink into a net carbon source. There is thus a need to better understand the impact of insects on trees. Defoliation by insect pests mainly reduces photosynthesis (source decrease) and increases carbon consumption (sink increase), and hence causes reduction of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC). When the reduction in NSC reaches to a certain level, trees would die of carbon starvation. External environment and internal compensatory mechanisms can also positively or negatively influence the process of tree death. At present, the research of carbon starvation is a hotspot because the increase of tree mortality globally with climate change, and carbon starvation is considered as one of the dominating physiological mechanisms for explaining tree death. In this study, we reviewed the definition of carbon starvation, and the relationships between the reduction of NSC induced by defoliation and the growth and death of trees, and the relationships among insect outbreaks, leaf loss and climate change. We also presented the potential directions of future studies on insect-caused defoliation and tree mortality.