血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17、Hp-IgG联合检测在胃癌与癌前病变筛查中的临床价值探讨

摘要 目的：探讨血清可溶性CD44变体6（sCD44v6）、人类白细胞抗原-G（HLA-G）、胃泌素-17（G-17）、幽门螺杆菌-免疫球蛋白G（Hp-IgG）联合检测在胃癌与癌前病变筛查中的临床价值。方法：选择2019年2月至2022年2月期间首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院消化内科收治的121例胃癌癌前病变患者（癌前病变组）和125例胃癌患者（胃癌组）,另选择同期120例健康体检者作为对照组,检测并比较三组间血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平以及Hp-IgG阳性率。根据Hp-IgG阳性情况,将胃癌组进一步分为Hp-IgG阳性组与Hp-IgG阴性组,比较两组间血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平。应用Spearman秩相关分析胃癌组血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平与Hp-IgG阳性率的相关性,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17、Hp-IgG单独鉴别和联合四项指标鉴别胃癌癌前病变与胃癌的价值。结果：胃癌组血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平以及Hp-IgG阳性率高于癌前病变组、对照组（P＜0.05）,癌前病变组血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平以及Hp-IgG阳性率高于对照组（P＜0.05）,胃癌组中Hp-IgG阳性组sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平高于Hp-IgG阴性组（P＜0.05）。胃癌组血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平与Hp-IgG阳性率呈正相关（rs=0.536、0.492、0.512,P＜0.05）。联合sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17、Hp-IgG鉴别胃癌癌前病变以及胃癌的曲线下面积为0.863,高于各指标单独鉴别。结论：血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平以及Hp-IgG阳性率在胃癌患者与胃癌癌前病变患者中存在明显差异,胃癌患者血清sCD44v6、HLA-G、G-17水平与Hp-IgG阳性有关,联合四项指标检测在胃癌与癌前病变筛查中具有较高的临床价值。     

血清CEA、CCR3、CXCL16与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌术后复发转移的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、C-C基序趋化因子受体3（CCR3）、C-X-C趋化因子配体16（CXCL16）与Ⅰ期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）术后复发转移的关系。方法：选取2015年1月～2017年6月南京医科大学附属南京医院收治的186例接受手术切除的Ⅰ期NSCLC患者为NSCLC组,根据术后是否发生复发转移分为复发转移组和未复发转移组,另选取60名健康体检者为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平,分析其与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者病理特征的关系。采用多因素Cox回归分析Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16对Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的预测价值。结果：与对照组比较,NSCLC组血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平升高（P＜0.05）。血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者肿瘤直径、分化程度和TNM分期有关（P＜0.05）。随访5年,失访5例,181例Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移为20.99%。多因素Cox回归分析显示,肿瘤直径≥2 cm、低分化、TNM分期ⅠB期和CEA、CCR3、CXCL16升高为Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16联合预测Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）大于CEA、CCR3和CXCL16单独预测。结论：血清CEA、CCR3和CXCL16水平升高与Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移独立相关,血清CEA、CCR3、CXCL16联合预测Ⅰ期NSCLC患者术后复发转移的价值较高。     

血清PGR、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1联合幽门螺杆菌抗体对萎缩性胃炎与早期胃癌的鉴别价值研究

摘要 目的：研究血清胃蛋白酶原比值（PGR）、胃泌素-17（G-17）、胸苷激酶1（TK1）、菱形结构域蛋白1（RHBDD1）联合幽门螺杆菌抗体（HP-IgG）对萎缩性胃炎与早期胃癌的鉴别价值。方法：选取2018年1月～2021年12月我院收治的202例早期胃癌患者,记作胃癌组。另选取同期萎缩性胃炎和健康体检志愿者各200例,记作萎缩性胃炎组及对照组。检测并比较三组血清胃蛋白酶原（PG）Ⅰ、PGⅡ、PGR、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平以及HP-IgG阳性率。比较早期胃癌HP-IgG阳性及阴性患者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGR、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清PGR、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平联合HP-IgG鉴别早期胃癌与萎缩性胃炎的效能。结果：胃癌组血清PGⅠ、PGR水平均低于萎缩性胃炎组及对照组,且萎缩性胃炎组上述指标水平均低于对照组（均P＜0.05）;胃癌组血清PGⅡ、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平以及HP-IgG阳性率均高于萎缩性胃炎组及对照组,且萎缩性胃炎组上述指标水平均高于对照组（均P＜0.05）。早期胃癌HP-IgG阳性患者血清PGⅠ、PGR均低于HP-IgG阴性患者,而血清PGⅡ、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平均高于HP-IgG阴性患者（均P＜0.05）。经ROC曲线分析发现,血清PGR、G-17、TK1、RHBDD1水平以及HP-IgG抗体联合鉴别早期胃癌与萎缩性胃炎的效能优于上述五项指标单独鉴别。结论：早期胃癌患者血清PGR存在异常低表达,而血清G-17、TK1、RHBDD1以及HP-IgG抗体存在异常高表达,联合上述五项指标鉴别早期胃癌与萎缩性胃炎的价值较高。     

血清脑钠肽、超敏C反应蛋白、可溶性ST2对阵发性心房颤动患者射频消融术后复发的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清脑钠肽（BNP）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、可溶性致瘤抑制素2（sST2）对阵发性心房颤动（AF）患者射频消融（RFA）术后复发的预测价值。方法：选择2016年1月至2020年12月我院收治的接受RFA术治疗的82例阵发性AF患者,术后随访12个月,根据术后是否复发分为复发组（25例）和未复发组（57例）。检测患者血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2水平,收集临床相关资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析影响阵发性AF患者RFA术后复发的因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2预测阵发性AF患者RFA术后复发的价值。结果：复发组血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2水平高于未复发组（P＜0.05）。血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2水平升高、AF病程增长是影响阵发性AF患者RFA术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）。血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2预测阵发性AF患者消融术后复发的曲线下面积分别为0.720、0.694、0.718,联合三者预测阵发性AF患者RFA术后复发的曲线下面积为0.866,高于BNP、hs-CRP、sST2单独预测。结论：阵发性AF患者血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2水平升高是RFA术后复发的危险因素,联合检测血清BNP、hs-CRP、sST2水平有助于预测阵发性AF患者RFA术后复发。     

增强CT图像纹理参数联合血清CEA、CA724在食管癌术后复发转移中的临床应用价值

摘要 目的：研究增强计算机断层扫描（CT）图像纹理参数联合血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原724（CA724）在食管癌术后复发转移中的临床应用价值。方法：选取2019年6月-2021年7月于我院行手术治疗的86例食管癌患者,术前检测其血清CEA、CA724水平,并行增强CT扫描,将其动、静脉期图像数据行纹理分析,记录均值、中位数、标准差、不均匀度、偏度、峰度、熵值等参数。术后对86例食管癌患者进行12个月随访,根据其是否发生复发转移分为复发转移组（32例）与无复发转移组（54例）,比较两组增强CT图像纹理参数及血清CEA、CA724水平差异;采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析增强CT图像纹理参数联合血清CEA、CA724对食管癌患者术后复发转移的预测价值。结果：复发转移组动脉期熵值高于无复发转移组（P＜0.05）;复发转移组静脉期不均匀度、熵值均高于无复发转移组（P＜0.05）。复发转移组血清CEA、CA724水平高于无复发转移组（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线显示,血清CEA、CA724联合动脉期熵值及静脉期不均匀度、熵值的曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感度、特异度均较各指标单独应用有明显提升,联合应用的预测效能更高。结论：血清CEA、CA724水平和动脉期熵值及静脉期不均匀度、熵值升高与食管癌患者术后发生复发转移有关,动脉期熵值及静脉期不均匀度、熵值联合血清CEA、CA724在预测食管癌患者术后发生复发转移中的应用价值较高。     

超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影定量参数联合癌胚抗原（CEA）、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）对乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的预测价值。方法：选择2020年12月至2022年1月我院收治的120例行改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者,所有患者均行乳腺超声造影检查获得超声造影特征图像及超声造影定量参数,检测血清CEA水平和NLR,统计术后复发转移的发生情况。受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声造影定量参数联合CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的价值。结果：两组术前超声造影特征比较,复发转移组增强强度略高,大部分为高增强或整体增强,造影剂分布尚均匀。18例术后发生复发转移（复发转移组）,复发转移组峰值强度（PI）大于未复发转移组,血清CEA水平和NLR高于未复发转移组,达峰时间（TTP）小于未复发转移组（P＜0.05）。PI、TTP、CEA、NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.693、0.764、0.763、0.781,联合PI、TTP、CEA和NLR预测乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移的AUC为0.909,大于各指标单独预测。结论：乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移患者超声造影参数PI增大、TTP降低,血清CEA和NLR增高,联合检测TTP、PI、CEA和NLR在乳腺癌改良根治术后复发转移中具有较高的预测价值。     

阿帕替尼对二线化疗失败晚期胃癌患者肿瘤标志物与胃黏膜四项水平及预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨阿帕替尼对二线化疗失败晚期胃癌患者肿瘤标志物与胃黏膜四项水平及预后的影响。方法：选取2016年12月～2020年3月医院收治的80例二线化疗失败晚期胃癌患者,随机分为研究组和对照组各40例。对照组给予常规支持对症治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予阿帕替尼治疗。比较两组临床疗效、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原（CEA）、癌抗原125（CA125）、糖蛋白抗原199（CA199）]、胃黏膜四项[胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（PG Ⅰ）,胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（PG Ⅱ）,胃泌素17（G-17）、幽门螺旋抗体（Hp-Ab）]、不良反应及预后情况。结果：研究组总缓解率、疾病控制率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后研究组血清CEA、CA125、CA199水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后研究组PG Ⅰ水平较治疗前升高,且研究组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,研究组PG Ⅱ、G-17水平、Hp-Ab阳性率均较治疗后降低,且研究组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组总不良反应发生率无差异（P＞0.05）。研究组无进展生存时间（PFS）、生存时间（OS）均长于对照组、生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：阿帕替尼对二线化疗失败晚期胃癌患者的疾病控制率较好,可有效降低血清肿瘤标志物水平,改善胃粘膜功能,延长患者生存期。     

术前AGR、NLR、FOXQ1联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值

摘要 目的：探讨术前白蛋白-球蛋白比值（AGR）、中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、叉头框蛋白Q1（FOXQ1）联合检测对低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者术后复发的预测价值。方法：选取2017年3月至2019年4月重庆市第九人民医院就诊的拟行低位直肠癌根治性切除手术患者110例,术前均检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平。随访3~48个月,中位随访时间为25.5个月,失访9例,101例根据术后复发情况将患者分为复发组（n=16）和未复发组（n=85）。比较两组患者术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平,收集患者的临床资料,以Logistic回归分析探讨低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素,绘制受试者工作曲线（ROC）判定术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测价值。结果：复发组术前血清AGR水平低于未复发组,术前血清NLR、FOXQ1水平高于未复发组（P<0.05）;复发组患者肿瘤细胞分化程度为低分化、TNM分期为Ⅲ期、糖链抗原19-9（CA19-9）阳性占比高于未复发组（P<0.05）,复发组术后化疗占比低于未复发组（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示,TNM分期为Ⅲ期、细胞分化程度为低分化、术前血清AGR降低、NLR升高、FOXQ1升高均为低位直肠癌患者术后复发的危险因素（P＜0.05）;ROC曲线结果显示,术前血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平及三者联合对低位直肠癌患者术后复发的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）值分别为0.738、0.747、0.731、0.842。结论：术前检测血清AGR、NLR、FOXQ1水平对低位直肠癌根治性切除术患者术后复发预测具有一定的价值,且联合的预测价值更高。     

血清ProGRP、TSGF与EGFR突变阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌患者疗效和预后的关系

摘要 目的：探讨血清胃泌素前体释放肽（ProGRP）、肿瘤特异性生长因子（TSGF）与表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）突变阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者疗效和预后的关系。方法：选取2017年1月～2020年1月在青岛市中医医院、青岛市红岛人民医院、青岛市交运老年病医院、青岛市胸科医院接受EGFR-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗的EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者95例。所有患者根据疗效情况分为有效组和无效组,采用化学发光法和速率法检测有效组与无效组血清ProGRP、TSGF的差异。随访3年统计总生存率和中位生存时间,根据血清ProGRP（365.73±14.35）pg/mL、TSGF（147.88±27.59）U/mL均值将EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者分为高ProGRP组（≥365.73 pg/mL,41例）、高TSGF组（≥147.88 U/mL,46例）、低ProGRP组（＜365.73 pg/mL,54例）、低TSGF组（＜147.88 U/mL,49例）。Kaplan-Meier法绘制高/低血清ProGRP、TSGF水平EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者的生存曲线。并根据预后情况将EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者分为存活组（56例）、死亡组（39例）。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析影响EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者预后的因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清ProGRP、TSGF水平对EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者预后的预测价值。结果：治疗6周后,无效组血清ProGRP、TSGF水平高于有效组（P＜0.05）。随访期间无失访病例,95例EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者的客观缓解率为70.53%（67/95）,3年总生存率为41.05%（39/95）,中位生存时间16.00个月。Kaplan-Meier曲线分析显示,高ProGRP组、高TSGF组总生存率和中位生存时间低于低ProGRP组、低TSGF组（P＜0.05）。单因素和多因素Cox回归分析显示,TNM分期Ⅳ期、低分化、ProGRP升高、TSGF升高为影响EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者预后的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清ProGRP、TSGF水平联合预测EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者死亡的曲线下面积为0.879,大于血清ProGRP、TSGF水平单独预测的0.765、0.773。结论：血清ProGRP、TSGF水平升高与EGFR突变阳性晚期NSCLC患者疗效和预后密切相关,血清ProGRP、TSGF水平联合检测对其有较高的预测价值。     

血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清肿瘤标志物与宫颈癌病理特征的关系及对术后复发的预测研究。方法：选择2015年1月至2017年12月来我院诊治的宫颈癌患者82例作为观察组,选择同期来我院体检的健康女性者50例,两组均使用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清中的CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,观察组患者随访时间截至2022年12月。对比两组血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平,分析观察组患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平与临床病理特征的关系,分析观察组患者术后随访复发情况,宫颈癌根治术后患者复发的单因素与多因素Cox回归结果,血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对宫颈癌根治术后复发的预测价值。结果：观察组的血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平明显较对照组高（P<0.05）。宫颈癌患者不同FIGO分期、间质浸润深度及是否存在淋巴结转移间血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA水平对比有统计学意义（P<0.05）。82例患者随访时间为13~60个月,中位生存时间为39个月,截止2022年12月末次随访,82例患者术后复发18例（21.95%）。单因素及多因素Cox回归分析表明,FIGO分期在ⅡA期、间质浸润深度≥1/2、有淋巴结转移、CA125≥307.41 U/mL、CA153≥185.89 U/mL、CA199≥153.23 U/mL、CEA≥30.15 ng/mL是影响宫颈癌术后复发的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,CA125+CA153+CA199+CEA预测宫颈癌术后复发的AUC明显较CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA单独指标预测价值高（P<0.05）。结论：宫颈癌患者血清CA125、CA153、CA199、CEA高表达,其与间质浸润深度、FIGO 分期、淋巴结转移、术后复发有关,四者联合可作为宫颈癌术后复发的预测指标。     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Caprine blood groups. 2. The C,G, H,I, J,K, L,N, and Q systems

Nine blood group systems of goats were identified using 12 caprine reagents produced by absorption of alloimmune antisera. The caprine C blood group system, possibly homologous to the ovine C blood group system, was characterized by two reagents and shown to be controlled by three alleles,C ¹²,C ²⁵, andC ⁻. A more complex blood group system of goats, designated G, was identified using three reagents and shown to be controlled by six codominant alleles (G ^10.19.20,G ^10.19,G ^10.20,G ¹⁰,G ¹⁹,G ²⁰) and a recessive allele (G ⁻). A further seven one-factor two-allelic systems were identified by seven reagents. The nine genetic systems provided exclusion probabilities of 0.479, 0.492, 0.548, and 0.572 in Australian Angora, Dairy, Cashmere, and Texan Angora goat breeds, respectively. This work was supported by a grant from the Australian Stud Book, Alison Road, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.