快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍(RBD)的帕金森病临床特征分析

目的:探究合并不同发作形式的快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍(RBD)与帕金森病的临床特点及自主神经功能障碍变化。方法:采用快速眼动期睡眠行为障碍筛查量表及帕金森综合评分量表(Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale),对20例合并简单型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(RBD-简单组)与20例合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(RBD-复杂组)进行研究。结果:两组帕金森病患者的一般情况、左旋多巴药物日剂量、疾病病程等无统计学差异(P>0.05)。合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者运动部分评分高于合并简单型(RBD)的帕金森病患者(P<0.05)。两组患者之间在非震颤、强直、运动减少症状均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),(RBD)复杂组评分均高于(RBD)简单组。多因素logistics回归显示,复杂型(RBD)的存在与UPDRS-Ш部分评分相关,而与年龄、病程、教育年限、左旋多巴药物日剂量等无显著相关,与运动减少症状最为相关,与震颤、非震颤、强直症状无相关性。两组患者运动障碍类型与(RBD)发作形式无明显相关性(P=0.108)。结论:合并复杂型(RBD)的帕金森病患者运动症状更重,并且累及运动障碍的诸多方面。帕金森病患者存在复杂型(RBD)症状主要与UPDRS-Ш评分相关,其中与运动减少方面显著相关。     

帕金森病单纯淡漠的临床特征及发生机制

帕金森病(Parkinson disease,PD)是常见的神经变性疾病,除静止性震颤、运动迟缓、肌强直、步态和姿势障碍等运动症状外,近年研究发现其还存在神经精神、睡眠、感觉及自主神经障碍等多种非运动症状。PD单纯淡漠是不伴痴呆和抑郁的淡漠,其与运动症状及多种非运动症状相关,严重影响患者的日常生活能力及生活质量。PD单纯淡漠的发生涉及神经解剖、神经病理、神经生化及神经免疫炎症等机制。本文将对PD单纯淡漠的临床特征及发生机制进行阐述。     

5-HT递质系统调节帕金森病精神症状和认知障碍的研究进展

帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)是中老年人群最常见的神经退行性疾病之一,以运动障碍为主要表现,常合并有自主神经功能紊乱、嗅觉缺失、睡眠失调、精神症状(抑郁、焦虑)和认知功能障碍等非运动症状,而精神症状和认知功能障碍是最常见的PD相关非运动症状。截止目前,PD相关非运动症状的病理生理学机制尚不清楚。5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)递质系统参与多种脑功能以及神经精神障碍的病理生理学过程,与PD相关非运动症状有密切的联系。本文基于前期的相关研究成果,对5-HT递质系统在PD精神症状及认知障碍中的作用研究进展做一综述,详细阐述脑内5-HT递质系统的分布与功能,以及PD状态下5-HT递质系统的变化,为PD相关精神症状及认知障碍机制的阐明和治疗提供研究资料。     

补肾活血疏肝汤联合西药治疗帕金森伴睡眠障碍及抑郁的疗效分析

目的:探讨补肾活血疏肝汤联合西药治疗帕金森(PD)伴睡眠障碍及抑郁的临床疗效。方法:选择2016年1月～2018年1月上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院神经内科收治的210例PD伴睡眠障碍及抑郁患者,根据随机数字表法将患者分为联合组和对照组,每组各105例。对照组采用常规西医治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用补肾活血疏肝汤。治疗3个月后,评价和比较两组的总体疗效、治疗前后UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ评分、PSQI评分及HAMD评分的变化情况。结果:治疗后,联合组UPDRSⅡ、Ⅲ评分和HAMD评分均较治疗前显著下降,且明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组PSQI评分均较治疗前显著下降,且联合组PSQI评分显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:补肾活血疏肝汤联合西药治疗PD伴睡眠障碍及抑郁可显著提高其临床疗效,改善患者的睡眠障碍及抑郁状态。     

家兔睡眠一觉醒的昼夜节律——电生理学与行为的研究

1.本工作以皮层电图、海马脑电图、眼动电图、肌电图和大体行为作指标,系统地观察了实验室家兔的睡眠-觉醒昼夜节律,分析了动物行为与海马脑电图的相互关系以及绒毛膜促性腺激素对雌兔异相睡眠的影响。2.家兔的睡眠-觉醒周期可分为:(1)活动期(59.4±2.9%);(2)安静清醒期(4.4±0.3%);(3)瞳睡期(4.2±0.1%);(4)浅慢波睡眠期(12.7±1.4%),(5)深慢波睡眠期(13.8±1.7%),(6)异相睡眠期(5.6±0.3%)。每一睡眠周期平均约20分,睡眠主要出现在12:00—15:00和0:00—3:00。3.海马脑电图的变化与睡眠、觉醒及其他行为变化密切相关。主要表现在清醒、随意运动和异相睡眠时出现θ节律,慢波睡眠时为不规则慢波。4.静脉注射绒毛膜促性腺激素可使雌兔异相睡眠时间延长。     

帕金森病姿势不稳/步态障碍亚型的异质性

姿势不稳和步态障碍型(postural instability and gait disorder dominant, PIGD)是帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)症状中具有严重表型的一种亚型，尚无有效的药物或手术治疗办法。PIGD亚型患者的临床表现具有异质性，且PD的其他运动症状及非运动症状会使这种异质性表现更为复杂，严重影响患者的生活质量。同时，PIGD亚型的发病机制尚不明确。本综述从症状表现、影响因素、机制和治疗四个方面对PIGD亚型的异质性进行剖析，以期对该亚型有一个系统全面的认识。     

幽门螺杆菌根除治疗对帕金森病患者运动症状的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)根除治疗对帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状的影响及其安全性,为临床治疗提供参考。方法:选取2013年1月-2015年10月医院收治的PD患者120例,根据尿素呼吸试验(UBT)检测结果,将PD患者分为HP组(n=32)和非HP组(n=88),两组均进行抗PD的常规治疗,HP组在此基础上采用HP根除治疗(奥美拉唑+克拉霉素+阿莫西林),采用帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)评估两组患者治疗前后的运动症状,并对治疗过程中的不良反应进行统计分析。结果:120例PD患者中,HP感染32例占26.67%,经HP根除治疗后,HP检测阴性者26人,成功根除率81.25%。组间比较,治疗前两组UPDRS Ⅳ评分有统计学差异(P0.05),而UPDRS Ⅲ评分、Hoehn-Yahr分级、"开"期和"关"期时间无统计学差异(P0.05);治疗后两组"开"期和"关"期时间存在统计学差异(P0.05),而UPDRS Ⅲ评分、UPDRS Ⅳ评分、Hoehn-Yahr分级无统计学差异(P0.05)。组内比较,治疗后,HP组UPDRS Ⅲ评分和UPDRS Ⅳ评分均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且"开"期时间明显延长,"关"期时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而非HP组治疗前后上述各项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。HP根除组不良反应发生率与非HP组相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HP感染与PD的发生有关,HP根除治疗能显著改善PD患者的运动症状,安全有效,值得临床推广使用。     

血浆同型半胱氨酸与帕金森病临床关系的研究

目的:探讨帕金森病(PD)患者血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的变化及其与PD严重程度、运动、认知及抑郁之间的相关性。方法:比较53例PD患者及正常对照组血浆Hcy及维生素B12、叶酸水平。并对血浆Hcy与叶酸及维生素B12水平进行相关性分析。采用统一的Hoehn and Yahr(修正)分期量表(HY)、PD评价量表(UPDRS)运动分量表(UPDRS III)、简易智能精神量表(MMSE)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HMDS)对PD患者进行评分,分析Hcy与PD患者严重程度、运动、认知功能及抑郁的相关性。结果:PD组及对照组的Hcy浓度分别是(16.2±3.1)、(10.1±2.6)μmol/L,PD组血浆Hcy明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。相关分析示被检者血浆Hcy水平与叶酸及维生素B12水平存在负相关。PD患者Hcy水平与HY、UPDRSIII、MMSE、HMDS评分具有显著性相关(分别为r=0.483,r=0.525,r=-0.429,r=0.481,P均0.05)。结论:PD患者血浆Hcy水平升高,与维生素B12、叶酸呈负相关。PD患者Hcy水平和疾病严重程度、运动、认知程度、抑郁倾向相关。     

大鼠发育期睡眠/觉醒周期的神经调节

幼年期大鼠的睡眠/觉醒周期和成年期的有显著差异,最为显著的特点是快眼动(REM) 睡眠在24 小时内的百分比远多于其他任何年龄阶段,随着脑发育成熟而逐渐减少.与此同时,非快眼动(NREM) 睡眠和觉醒的百分比逐渐增加.后者与参与NREM睡眠和觉醒调节的神经元在发育早期的成熟程度较为一致.鉴于大鼠发育早期REM睡眠每日的百分比由最高开始逐渐降低,而触发和促进REM睡眠的胆碱能神经元各生化成分的活性则是由最低开始逐渐升高,此期的REM睡眠应该还有胆碱能以外的动力驱动.新近的资料表明,促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)可能是幼年期REM睡眠的另一主要驱动力量.     

血府逐瘀丸治疗老年2型糖尿病伴失眠的临床疗效及其对认知功能的影响

目的:探究血府逐瘀丸治疗老年2型糖尿病伴失眠患者的临床疗效及其对认知功能影响。方法:选取43例我院收治的老年2型糖尿病伴失眠患者,将其随机分为实验组及对照组。对照组21例予地西泮治疗,实验组22予血府逐瘀丸治疗。观察两组治疗前后失眠症状及认知功能的变化情况。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率(86.4%)高于对照组(61.9%),其差异经比较有统计学意义(P0.05);两组匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)评分均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),与对照组相比,实验组PSQI评分较低(P0.05),空腹血糖水平较低(P0.05),蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分较高(P0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀丸可有效降低老年2型糖尿病伴失眠患者的血糖水平,提升睡眠质量,改善失眠及认知功能障碍。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV