红颊骨骼的解剖研究

红颊骨骼的解剖研究ＡＮＡＴＯＭＩＣＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＫＥＬＥＴＯＮＳＹＳＴＥＭＯＦＨＥＲＰＥＳＴＥＳＡＵＲＯＰＵＮＣＴＡＴＵＳ红颊（Ｈｅｒｐｅｓｔｅｓａｕｒｏｐｕｎｃｔａｔｕｓ）是一种具有较高经济价值的小型哺乳动物,研究其骨骼的解剖结构...     

新疆阿尔泰山驼鹿的初步考察

新疆阿尔泰山驼鹿的初步考察ＡＰＲＥＬＩＭＩＮＡＲＹＩＮＳＰＥＣＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＥＬＫ（ＡＬＣＥＳＡＬＣＥＳ）ＩＮＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＡＬＴＡＩＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇ;Ｅｌｋ（Ａｌｃｅｓａｌｃｅｓ）１９９４年７－８月,我们受新疆...     

东北地区跃度蝗属鸣声结构的比较研究：直翅目：网翅蝗科

本文以鸣声为分类性状,对东北地区８种跃度蝗的鸣声进行了比较研究。通过分析发现它们的鸣声节律图象有明显不同,并鉴定出３个新种：二声跃度蝗Ｐｏｄｉｓｍｏｐｓｉｓ ｂｉｓｏｎｉ－ｔａ;镜泊跃度蝗Ｐ．ｊｉｎｂｅｎｓｉｓ及宽径域跃度蝗Ｐ．ａｍｐｌｉｒａｄｉａｒｅａｓ,新种描述另文发表。     

枯草芽孢杆菌（B—912）对桃和油桃褐腐病的抑制效果

研究了不同处理的枯草芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｓｕｂｔｉｌｉｓ（Ｂ－９１２））在不同贮藏温度下对采后桃（Ｐｒｕｎｕｓ ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ Ｌ．）和油桃（Ｐ．ｐｅｒｓｉｃａ ｖａｒ．ｎｅｃｔａｒｉｎａ Ｍａｘｉｍ．）褐腐病（Ｍｏｎｉｌｉｎｉａｆｒｕｃｔｉｃｏｌａ（Ｇ．Ｗｉｎｔ）Ｈｏｎｅｙ）的防治效果。２５℃和１５℃贮藏温度下油桃的发病率一般高于桃,但在冷藏期间其发病率却一般低于桃。１０＾６ＣＦＵ／Ｍ     

中国白菜RAPD分子遗传图谱的构建

以芜菁（Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａ ｃａｍｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ．ｒａｐｉｆｅｒａ Ｍｅｔｚｇ）和结球白菜（Ｂ．ｃａｒｎｐｅｓｔｒｉｓ Ｌ．ｓｓｐ ．Ｐｌｋｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌｏｕｒ．）Ｏｉｓｓｏｎ）杂交的Ｆ２群体为试材,采用ＲＡＰＤ标记,用８４个１０核苷酸随机引物构建了白菜的ＲＡＰＤ遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖基因组的１６３２．４ｃＭ（ｃｅｒｔｉ Ｍｏｒｇａｎ）标记间的平均间隔为１６．５ｃＭ。其中最长的连锁群为     

菰属系统与演化研究—胚形态

本文采用光学显微镜对全世界菰属４种２亚种及其有关属种共４属７种的胚形态进行系统研究后,获得菰属Ｚｉｚａｎｉａ Ｌ．与山涧草Ｃｈｉｋｕｓｉｃｈｌｏａ ａｐｕａｔｉｃａ Ｋｏｉｄｚ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,稻Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．与拟菰Ｚｉｚａｎｉｏｐｓｉｓ ｍｉｌｉａｃｅａ（Ｍｉｃｈｘ．）Ｄｏｅｌｌ ＆ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．的胚型为Ｆ＋ＦＰ,其中山涧草的胚型为首次报导。根据胚型,这４属均应位在禾本科Ｇ     

天然及氧化修饰脂蛋白对人动脉平滑肌细胞原癌基因表达的影响

动脉平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）的增殖在动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的形成过程中极其重要。我们在建立人主动脉ＳＭＣ体外培养方法的基础上,观察了ＬＤＬ,ＶＬＤＬ及ＨＤＬ和相应的氧化修饰型脂蛋白对培养人ＳＭＣｓｉｓ,ｊｕｎ,Ｈ－ｒａｓ原癌基因及Ｒｂ抗癌基因转录表达的影响。结果表明：（１）ＨＤＬ对ＳＭＣｓｉｓ,ｊｕｎ,ｒａｓ基因表达无影响;（２）ＬＤＬ和ＶＬＤＬ有使这些基因表达增加的趋势;（３）ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ,ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ和ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ具有使ＳＭＣｓｉｓ,ｊｕｎ,和ｒａｓ基因表达显著增强的作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）,且其作用较相应的天然脂蛋白大（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（４）天然和氧化修饰型脂蛋白对Ｒｂ基因表达均无影响。据上述结果推测：ＬＤＬ,ＶＬＤＬ,ｏｘ－ＬＤＬ,ｏｘ－ＶＬＤＬ和ｏｘ－ＨＤＬ的致ＡＳ作用可能与刺激ＳＭＣｓｉｓ,ｊｕｎ和ｒａｓ原癌基因表达增加有关。     

中国齿裂菌属研究IV.*

报道我国齿裂菌属的 ５个分类单元,其中多角齿裂菌 Ｃｏｃｃｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｍｕｔｔａｎｇｕｌａｒｉｓ Ｙ． Ｒ．Ｌｉｎ　＆ Ｚ． Ｚ． Ｌｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ,中国齿裂菌 Ｃ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙ． Ｒ Ｌｉｎ　＆ 　Ｚ． Ｚ． Ｌｉ ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．和山矾齿裂菌 Ｃｓｙｍｐｌｏｃｉ　Ｙ．Ｒ　Ｌｉｎ　＆　ｚ．ｚ．Ｌｉ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．是新种,辐射状齿裂菌Ｃｒａｄｉａｔｕｓ　Ｓｈｅｒｗ为中国新记录。提供了新种的拉丁文简介、汉文描述和形态特征图。模式标本存放在安徽农业大学森林保护教研室（ＡＡＵＦＰ）。     

人TRAIL基因cDNA的克隆及其在COS—7细胞中的表达

ＴＲＡＩＬ(ＴＮＦｒｅｌａｔｅｄａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓｉｎｄｕｃｉｎｇｌｉｇａｎｄ)是最近克隆的肿瘤坏死因子(ＴＮＦ)家族的新成员,由于它的蛋白质结构和生物学效应类似于ＦＡＳ/ＡＰＯ1Ｌ,因此,也被称为ＡＰＯ2Ｌ。在低浓度下,ＴＲＡＩＬ能迅速地诱导多种肿瘤细胞系的?..     

小偃麦部分双二倍体及其异附加系异源染色体的GISH分析

应用ＴＩＳＨ对小偃麦部分双二倍体ＴＡＦ４６（２ｎ＝８ｘ＝５６）及其衍生的６个二体异附加系的中间偃麦草染色体组种类进行了分析、鉴定。以拟鹅冠草（Ｐｓ．ｓｔｒｉｇｏｓａ）ＤＮＡ为探针的分析结果表明,ＴＡＦ４６所含有的中间偃麦草染色体组为合成染色体组,即６条Ｓｔ组染色体和８条Ｅ组染色体。在其衍生的二体异附加系中,Ｌ４和Ｌ７含有Ｓｔ组染色体,Ｌ１、Ｌ２、Ｌ３、Ｌ５含有Ｅ组染色体。ＴＡＦ４６所含有的中间偃麦草染色体的部分同源群依次为ＩＥ（Ｌ３）、２Ｓｔ（Ｌ６）、３Ｅ（Ｌ２）、４Ｓｔ（Ｌ４）、５Ｅ（Ｌ５）、６Ｓｔ（Ｌ７）、７Ｅ（Ｌ１）。     

新版DELTA系统在植物分类学中的应用——以羊茅属研究为例

DELTA系统是针对分类学研究开发的综合性多功能软件包。新版DELTA系统在运行环境、程序、指令、界面、操作方式及中文字符处理等重要功能上比旧版本均有较大改进。作为国际分类学数据库数据交换标准,应用该系统可以规范分类学描述,对研究中所有常用性状进行识别和处理,自动生成各个研究对象分类学特征描述并对其进行详尽的相似性和差异性比较,对性状特征和分类单元进行注释和图像示例,将数据转换为数量分类学或分支分类学所需格式以生成树状图,自动生成检索表,建成基于本地和网络的交互式专家辅助鉴定系统等。DELTA系统作为植物分类学研究的常用手段和工具是非常适合及大有帮助的。     

应用DELTA系统对几种球束梗孢Gibellula spp.的分类研究

【目的】通过DELTA数据库及其功能扩展,对所采集的球束梗孢标本进行分类鉴定。【方法】利用基于30个表型特征建立的DELTA数据库,通过生成的检索表,自然语言描述,分类单位聚类树及交互式自动鉴定系统进行鉴定。【结果】全部标本鉴定分属为3个种,它们是尾生球束梗孢(粗壮球束梗孢)Gibellula clavulifera var.clavulifera(Petch)SamsonH.C.Evans,密球束梗孢G.leiopus(Vuill.ex Maubl.)Mains和丽球束梗孢G.pulchra Cavara。【结论】基于DELTA系统所建立的的球束梗孢属表型特征数据库及其功能扩展,为该属后续的分类研究和系统发育重建提供了一个有价值的信息平台。     

Distinct difference in the polyamine compositions of bryophyta and pteridophyta

Polyamine contents of various species of plants and fungi including Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Lichenobionta were determined by the combination of six chromatographic techniques. Polyamines examined included putrescine, spermidine, spermine, 1,3-diaminopropane (diaminopropane), sym-norspermidine (norspermidine), sym-norspermine (norspermine), thermospermine, caldopentamine, homocaldopentamine, cadaverine, aminopropylcadaverine, sym-homospermidine (homospermidine), agmatine, and canavalmine. In addition to the widely occurring polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), the "unusual" polyamines norspermidine and norspermine were found to be widely distributed in Bryophyta and Lichenobionta. These two polyamines were not detected in any species of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and fungi even though their possible precursor, diaminopropane, was found in some species. Homospermidine was one of the major polyamines in Bryophyta and Lichenobionta, and was detected in most species of Pteridophyta and sporadically in higher plants. Agmatine was detected in most species of Bryophyta and in certain species of Gymnospermae. These data suggest that norspermidine, norspermine, and homospermidine can serve as chemical phylogenic and taxonomic markers in Plantae and Fungi.     

处理植物分类学描述语言的国际标准——DELTA系统

DELTA系统是澳大利亚Dallwitz等人经过多年研究发出的一套用于分类学描述语言编码的国际标准。本文对该系统的主要功能,即自然语言描述、检索表、数据矩阵的自动生成、标本鉴定和信息检索以及分支分类运算和表征分类运算所需数据格式的转换等做了综述性介绍,以期促进该软件在我国广大植物分类学工作者中的推广与使用。     

New partial sequences of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase as molecular phylogenetic markers

To better understand the evolution of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and to test its versatility as a molecular character in phylogenetic and taxonomic studies, we have characterized and compared 70 new partial PEPC nucleotide and amino acid sequences (about 1100 bp of the 3' side of the gene) from 50 plant species (24 species of Bryophyta, 1 of Pteridophyta, and 25 of Spermatophyta). Together with previously published data, the new set of sequences allowed us to construct the up to now most complete phylogenetic tree of PEPC, where the PEPC sequences cluster according to both the taxonomic positions of the donor plants and the assumed specific function of the PEPC isoforms. Altogether, the study further strengthens the view that PEPC sequences can provide interesting information for the reconstruction of phylogenetic relations between organisms and metabolic pathways. To avoid confusion in future discussion, we propose a new nomenclature for the denotation of PEPC isoforms.     

Artificial neural networks for species identification by taxonomists

This paper is a study of the value of applying artificial neural networks (ANNs), specifically a multilayer perceptron (MLP), to identification of higher plants using morphological characters collected by conventional means. A practical methodology is thus demonstrated to enable botanical or zoological taxonomists to use ANNs as advisory tools for identification purposes. A comparison is made between the ability of the neural network and that of traditional methods for plant identification by means of a case study in the flowering plant genus Lithops N.E. Brown (Aizoaceae). In particular, a comparison is made with taxonomic keys generated by means of the DELTA system. The ANN is found to perform better than the DELTA key generator, for conditions where the available data is limited, and species relatively difficult to distinguish.     

伞形科囊瓣芹属的表型分析

选取伞形科(Apiaceae)囊瓣芹属(Pternopetalum Franchet)32个分类群的60个形态学性状,利用DELTA系统的UPGMA算法进行了聚类分析。结果表明属下形成以五匹青(P.vulgare(Dunn)Hand.-Mazz.)和东亚囊瓣(P.tanakae(Franchet&Sav.)Hand.-Mazz.)为代表的两个主要表征群。两个主要表征群的分类结构和各自所包含的类群基本相应于前人研究中本属两个组的属下处理。根据全面相似性分析的结果和部分形态学特征的评估,确认了属下6个种的复合群:即五匹青、囊瓣芹(P.davidii Franchet)、散血芹(P.botrychioides(Dunn)Hand.-Mazz.)、洱源囊瓣芹(P.molle(Franchet)Hand.-Mazz.)、澜沧囊瓣芹(P.de-lavayi(Franchet)Hand.-Mazz.)和东亚囊瓣芹复合群。根据形态学特征在表型树上的分布分析表明:伞形花序的着生位置、花柱的形态、花柱基的形状和萼齿的大小等生殖特征可能是属下早期分化的关键性性状。属下主要变异类型(种的复合群和典型狭域特有种)对不同海拔区域和小生境的依赖,以及不显著的形态学分化表明:对横断山区较高的异质性生境的生态适应是囊瓣芹属类群多样化过程后期的一个重要特征。     

The European small subunit ribosomal RNA database

The European database of the Small Subunit (SSU) Ribosomal RNA is a curated database that strives to collect all information about the primary and secondary structure of completely or nearly-completely sequenced rRNAs. Furthermore, the database compiles additional information such as literature references and taxonomic status of the organism the sequence was derived from. The database can be consulted via the WWW at URL http://rrna.uia.ac.be/ssu/. Through the WWW, sequences can be easily selected either one by one, by taxonomic group, or by a combination of both, and can be retrieved in different sequence and alignment formats.