RAPD分子标记简介

ＲＡＰＤ分子标记简介邹喻苹（中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学开放研究实验室,北京１０００９３）１引言地球上的人口急剧增长,突破５０亿。而人类藉以生存的环境却日益恶化。人类衣、食、住、行所依赖的生物资源—“物种”正在以地质史上的记载的最大速度灭绝或...     

RAPD标记构建家蚕分子链锁图

以大造、Ｃ１０８及其Ｆ２群体构建了１个家蚕的ＲＡＰＤ连锁框架图,该图含ＲＡＰＤ标记位点１８２个,来自大造的１０３个标记分属前２３个连锁群,来自Ｃ１０８的７９个标记分属后１６个连锁群,覆盖基因组的总长度为１１４８．３ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）,它能与本室用同一群体构建的ＳＡＤＦ图谱相整合,亦可与相应的ＲＦＬＰ图谱相互补充。     

RAPD标记构建水稻分子连锁图

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）,在一个水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）的双单倍体（ＤＨ）群体中发展分子标记,仅用５２ 个ＲＡＰＤ标记建成了一个水稻ＲＡＰＤ分子连锁图。该图覆盖基因组的总长度为８９８．４ ｃＭ （ｃｅｎｔｉｍ ｏｒｇａｎ）,标记间的平均间距为１７．３ ｃＭ,它能与用同一群体构成的ＲＦＬＰ图谱互相补充     

不结球白菜分子遗传图谱的构建及分析

以不结球白菜'常州乌塌菜'和'二青'杂交产生的181株F2代分离材料为作图群体,利用ISSR、RAPD、SSR、SRAP等分子标记来构建不结球白菜分子遗传连锁图谱.结果表明,构建的连锁图谱包含11个连锁群,由139个标记组成,其中包括4个ISSR标记、19个RAPD标记、22个SSR标记和94个SRAP标记.其中偏分离标记37个,占26.6%;每条连锁群上的标记数在4～33个之间,连锁群长度在61～164 cM的范围,覆盖基因组950 cM,总平均图距6.8 cM.     

中国白菜RAPD分子遗传图谱的构建

A molecular genetic map of Brassica campestris L. (syn. B. rapa) was constructed based on the segregation of 99 RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs) markers from eighty-four 10-base random primers using DNA samples extracted from F2 population of turnip (B． campestris L. ssp. rapifera Metzg) × Chinese cabbage (B． campestris L. ssp. pekinensis Lour. Olsson). This genetic map covered 1 632.4 cM (centiMorgan) genome (Kosambi Function) with 16.5 cM mean intervals between flanking markers and defined thirteen linkage groups, in which the longest linkage group is 267.5 cM with 20.6 cM mean interval and the shortest linkage group is 62.2 cM with 15.6 cM mean interval. The size and distribution of linkage groups in this map is similar to other RFLP maps and karyotype data in B. campestris.     

我国部分白菜型油菜 RAPD 的研究

本研究用RAPD技术和统计学方法,对以湖南和湖北省油菜为主的34个白菜型油菜品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。根据离差平方和,用Ward's聚类方法进行聚类。结果表明：白菜型油菜的遗传变异与生态地理分布有密切的关系;湖南和湖北两省的白菜型油菜品种存在广泛的遗传变异;在DNA水平上可将所分析的34个品种分成8个类群。作者对研究结果在遗传育种中的应用进行了讨论。     

西藏白菜型油菜遗传多样性的RAPD分析

通过利用22个10bp随机引物对来自西藏高原地区107份白菜型油菜种质资源材料的PAPD分析,探讨了西藏白菜型油菜品种之间的遗传分化关系,结果表明：（1）供试的107份材料共产生236条谱带,其中210条谱带有多态性,占88．98％,说明白菜型油菜在西藏高原地区具有较丰富的遗传多样性;（2）根据引物扩增出的DNA指纹图谱,运用UPGMA分析法,在遗传距离为0．078处,可将供试的107份白菜型油菜划分为11个类群,发现来自于同一地区或气候相似区的品种往往聚在一起,表明西藏高原白菜型油菜品种的相似性与其原产地的地理,气候背景密切相关,并在此基础上,结合西藏高原农业发展历史,气候背景以及地形地貌特点和植物地理学,植物区系学,植物进化论等方面的综合分析,提出西藏高原是世界白菜型油菜起源地的观点。     

RAPD标记构建家蚕分子连锁图

以大造、Ｃ１０８及其Ｆ２群体构建了１个家蚕的ＲＡＰＤ连锁框架图,该图含ＲＡＰＤ标记位点１８２个,来自大造的１０３个标记分属前２３个连锁群,来自Ｃ１０８的７９个标记分属后１６个连锁群,覆盖基因组的总长度为１１４８．３ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）,它能与本室用同一群体构建的ＳＡＤＦ图谱相整合,亦可与相应的ＲＦＬＰ图谱相互补充。     

RAPD分子标记及其在作物遗传育种中的应用

ＲＡＰＤ分子标记是一种新型的分了遗传标记,其原理是采用１０个碱基的随机引物,以基因组ＤＮＡ为模板进行ＰＣＲ随机扩增。其优越性在于其方法简单;分析中的花费少,用时短;分析所需的ＤＮＡ用量也不多等。本文着重介绍以电泳技术和ＰＣＲ扩增技术为核心的分子标记以及在农作物遗传育种中的应用。     

甘蓝分子连锁图的构建与品质性状的QTL定位

以两个不同生态型甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var．capitata)品种杂交得到的F2代为作图群体,用RAPD标记构建甘蓝分子连锁图。通过对520个随机引物进行筛选,236个引物在两亲本间表现多态性,多态性比例为47．7％。选取111个引物对群体进行分析,构建了一张含有135个标记位点,9个连锁群,覆盖长度为1023．7cM的分子连锁图。利用该图谱对甘蓝叶球紧实度和中心柱长两性状进行了QTL定位分析。检测到3个与叶球紧实度相关的QTL,总贡献率为62．5％;检测到4个与中心柱长相关的QTL,总贡献率为59．1％。     

RAPD双引物在构建红麻连锁图谱中的应用研究

以阿联红麻（Alian Kenaf）与福红992（Fuhong992）杂交产生的F2代作图群体为研究材料,分别应用RAPD单引物和双引物进行多态性条带扩增,并进行扩增效果的比较研究,以期为作图群体构建红麻遗传连锁图谱奠定基础。结果表明,RAPD双引物比单引物扩增出更多的多态性条带,提高了引物的利用率和多态性条带的扩增效率。     

Comparison of RAPD and RFLP markers for mapping F2 generations in maize (Zea mays L.)

The F₂ generations from two maize crosses were used to compare the ability of RAPD and RFLP marker systems to create a genetic linkage map. Both RFLPs and RAPDs were shown to provide Mendelian-type markers. Most of the RFLPs (80%) could be placed with a good level of certainty (LOD>4) on the genetic linkage map. However, because of their dominant nature, only between 37% and 59% of the RAPDs could be placed with such a LOD score. The use of combined data from RFLPs and RAPDs increases the level of information provided by RAPDs and allows the creation of a combined RFLP/RAPD genetic linkage map. Thus, the RAPD technique was found to be a powerful method to provide improved probes coverage on a previously created RFLP map and to locate markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest.     

The linkage maps of Dendrobium species based on RAPD and SRAP markers

Dendrobium plants are used commonly as tonic herbs and health food in many Asian countries,especially in China.Here we report the genetic map construction of two Dendrobium species with a double pseudo-testcross strategy using random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) markers.A F1 mapping population of 90 individuals was developed from a cross between D.officinale and D.hercoglossum.A total of 307 markers,including 209 RAPD and 98 SRAP,were identified and used ...     

Construction of synteny groups of Brassica alboglabra by RAPD markers and detection of chromosome aberrations and distorted transmission under the genetic background of B. campestris

Interspecific hybrids were produced by crosses between the inbred lines of B. campestris and B. alboglabra, and were backcrossed twice to B. campestris. Genetical constitutions of the BC₂ plants were analyzed by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), flow cytometry and cytological observations. By using 140 arbitrary primers, a total of 137 polymorphic bands were obtained and 125 were found to be specific to B. alboglabra. Based on the presence and absence of the specific RAPD markers of B. alboglabra, 13 synteny groups were constructed. The number of markers in each synteny group was found to be different and varied from 2 to 28. This reflects the difference in the degree of genetic variability among the B. alboglabra chromosomes from those of B. campestris. Losses or gains of RAPD markers were observed frequently in most of the synteny groups, which indicated the occurrence of chromosome translocations and/or deletions in the chromosomes of B. alboglabra. In a population of 40 BC₂ plants, chromosome transmission rates were analyzed by using the RAPD markers in each synteny group. Most of the chromosomes of the synteny groups were transmitted with rates of 0.37–0.68. An extremely high transmission rate, 0.98, was however observed in one of the synteny groups. Inheritance data of the synteny groups revealed relationships among themselves. The plants lacking the RAPD markers of two synteny groups tended to lose others belonging to the rest of the synteny groups, indicating the effects of these groups on the transmission of B. alboglabra chromosomes to the B. campestris background. Received: 26 February 1999 / Accepted: 30 December 1999     

不同作图群体对显隐性分子标记位点的作图效率

根据位点组合和位点的有效性,发展了一种对使用３种不同的作用图群体作图显隐性分子标记的作图效率评价方法,应用该方法所评价的结果是,双单倍体（ＤＨ）群体的作图效率最高,自交群体（Ｆ２群体）与回交群体的作图效率相同,因此使用双单倍体群体作图不仅所用费用低,而且作图速度快,但只有在极少数植物中能获得双单倍体群体,对于那些不能获得双单倍体的动植物物种而言,可使用自交群体或回交群体作图。如果作高密度的分子标记     

家蚕AFLP连锁框架图谱的构建

利用改进的AFLP分子标记方法,对家蚕Bombyx mori回交一代BC1群体进行连锁图谱的构建。经17组AFLP引物的选择性扩增,共得到430个多态位点,卡方检验后有253个为有效位点。利用Mapmaker/Exp (Version 3.0b)软件作连锁分析,其中163个标记分属28个连锁群,连锁群标记数变化范围是2～28个,平均每个连锁群标记数为5.8个,该图覆盖的基因组长度为2.998.9cM(图距单位),连锁群长度变化范围为4.5～652.8 cM,连锁群的平均长度为107.1 cM,平均图距为4.5～36.7 cM。