与西瓜野生种质抗枯萎病基因连锁的RAPD标记

运用ＲＡＰＤ技术,采用混合分组分析（ｂｕｌｋｅｄｓｅｇｒｅｇａｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ＢＳＡ）方法进行了西瓜（Ｃｉｔｒｕｌｌｕｓｌａｎａｔｕｓ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｍａｎｓｆｅｌｄｖａｒ． ｃｉｔｒｏｉｄｅｓ） 野生种质ＰＩ２９６３４１ 抗枯萎病基因连锁的分子标记研究。研究结果表明：西瓜野生种质Ｐ１２９６３４１ 抗枯萎病生理小种１ 的抗性由单显性基因控制,ＲＡＰＤ标记ＯＰＰＯＬ／７００ 与其抗病基因连锁,其遗传距离为３０ ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）。这为进行抗病分子标记辅助选择,以及最终定位与克隆其抗病基因打下了良好基础。     

RAPD标记构建水稻分子连锁图

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）,在一个水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）的双单倍体（ＤＨ）群体中发展分子标记,仅用５２ 个ＲＡＰＤ标记建成了一个水稻ＲＡＰＤ分子连锁图。该图覆盖基因组的总长度为８９８．４ ｃＭ （ｃｅｎｔｉｍ ｏｒｇａｎ）,标记间的平均间距为１７．３ ｃＭ,它能与用同一群体构成的ＲＦＬＰ图谱互相补充     

侧脑室注射一叶萩碱的心血管效应及作用机制

在麻醉大鼠侧脑室注射左旋一叶Ｑｉｕ碱（Ｌ－Ｓｅｃ）,记录动脉血压（ＡＰ）、心率（ＨＲ）及肾交感神经放电（ＲＳＮＤ）,观察前脑室周系统ＧＡＢＡ能紧张性活动改变引起的心血管效应。结果如下：（１）Ｌ－Ｓｅｃ可引起ＲＳＮＤ增加、ＡＰ升高和ＨＲ加快,并呈一定剂量－效应关系;但Ｌ－Ｓ盈余 于ｂｉｃｕｃｕｌｌｉｎｅ（Ｂｉｃ）。（２）Ｌ－Ｓｅｃ既能拮抗ｍｕｓｃｉｍｏｌ（Ｍｕｓ）,又能拮抗ｂａｃｌｏｆｅｎ（Ｂａｃ）     

GENUS ANTROPHYUM KAULF.FROM CHINA AND NEIGHBORING REGIONS

ＧＥＮＵＳＡＮＴＲＯＰＨＹＵＭＫＡＵＬＦ．ＦＲＯＭＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＮＥＩＧＨＢＯＲＩＮＧＲＥＧＩＯＮＳＸ．Ｃ．ＺＨＡＮＧ（Ｔｈｅｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ（ＰＥ）,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｂｅｉ...     

抗芜菁花叶病毒转基因甘蓝型油菜的研究

以子叶柄为材料,建立了甘蓝型油菜（ＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓＬ．）双低品种的再生体系。通过子叶柄与农杆菌（ＡｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｍｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓＬＢＡ４４０４）共培养,将表达载体ｐＢＴｕ中芜菁花叶病毒外壳蛋白（ＴｕＭＶ－ＣＰ）基因以整合方式导入甘蓝型油菜,然后用卡那霉素进行筛选,获得了油菜再生植株。经ＰＣＲ特异性扩增、点杂交和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹分析,证明再生植株基因组ＤＮＡ中整合了ＴｕＭＶ－ＣＰ基因。攻毒实验表明,有ＴｕＭＶ－ＣＰ基因插入的工程油菜对ＴｕＭＶ均有不同程度的抗性。     

黄地老虎颗粒体病毒DNA片段的克隆与颗粒体蛋白基因的定位

用ｐＵＣ１９质粒作载体,克隆了黄地老虎颗粒体病毒（Ａｇｒｏｌｉｓｓｅｇｅｔｕｍｇｒａｎｕｌｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ,简称ＡｓＧＶ）ＤＮＡＰｓｔＩ－Ｄ．Ｅ．Ｆ．Ｇ．Ｈ．Ｊ．Ｋ．等７个片段。以［￣（３２）Ｐ］－ｄＣＴＰ标记的油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒（Ｂｕｚｕｒａｓｕｐｐｒｅｓｓａｒｉａｎｕｃｌｃａｒｐｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓｖｉｒｕｓ简称ＢｓＮＰＶ）多角体蛋白基因为探针,在３７℃条件下对ＡｓＧＶ）颗粒体蛋白基因进行了定位,将其分别定位于ＢｓｌⅡ－Ｓ或ＴＰｓＴＩ－Ａ或Ｂ和ＥｃｉＲＩ－Ａ片段上。     

青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７,核型属２Ｂ型;甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４,２Ｂ型;单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４,属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、     

用PCR扩增和克隆马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白D基因

用ＰＣＲ技术,从ＧＡ株马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）感染的成纤维细胞（ＧＥＦ）基因组ＤＮＡ中扩增出ＭＤＶ糖蛋白Ｄ（ｇＤ）抗原基因片段的约１３００ｂｐ编码序列,将该ｐｃＲ扩增的产物于ＥｃｏＲＩ和Ｋｐｎｌ位点克隆到ｐＵＣ１８质粒载体中,在以ｄｉｇｏｘｉｇｅｎｉｎ（ｄｉｇ）标记的ｇＤＰＣＲ产物作为探针,进行原位杂交初步筛选到阳性重组质粒克隆,再根据酶切分析筛选到含ＭＤＶｇＤ基因的重组质粒ｐ１８ＭｇＤ。将ｐ１８ＭｇＤ质粒ＤＮＡ用ｄｉｇ标记后,在Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ中,该探针能识别ＭＤＶ基因组ＤＮＡ的ＢａｍＨＩ－Ａ克隆中的Ａ片段ＤＮＡ。酶切位点分析表明,该ｇＤ克隆也和已发表的ＭＤＶ的ＲＢＩＢ株ｇＤ一样,不含有ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＰｓｔⅠ、ＳｍａⅠ、ｐｖｕⅡ等酶切位点。证明该重组质粒是ＭＤＶｇＤ克隆。     

欧芹苯丙氨酸脱氨酶cDNA在乳酸乳球菌中的表达研究

将欧芹（Ｐｅｔｒｏｓｅｌｉｎｕｍｃｒｉｓｐｕｍ）苯丙氨酸脱氨酶（ＰＡＬ）ｃＤＮＡ亚克隆到组成型表达载体ｐＭＧ３６ｅ启动子Ｐ３２下游,电穿孔法转化乳酸乳球菌,获得有ＰＡＬ表达活性的乳酸乳球菌工程菌（ｐＭＧ３６ｅＰＡＬ／Ｌ．ｌａｃｔｉｓＭＧ１３６３）。通过递归ＰＣＲ合成了一段１２０ｂｐ的调控片段,用以将ｐＭＧ３６ｅ改造为分泌型表达载体ｐＸＨＳ,以翻译偶联的方式表达ＰＡＬ,可使ＰＡＬ的Ｎ末端带上ｕｓｐ４５信号肽,结果亦检测到ＰＡＬ酶活性。自行分离克隆了乳酸乳球菌热休克蛋白基因ｄｎａＪ的启动子区域,构建了热诱导表达载体ｐＸＨＪ,获得ＰＡＬ热诱导表达工程菌（ｐＸＨＪＰＡＬ／Ｌ．ｌａｃｔｉｓＩＬ１４０３）,经３０℃至３７℃热诱导,可使ＰＡＬ表达活性提高至２倍。本文还就乳酸乳球菌ＰＡＬ工程菌在经典型苯丙酮尿症防治中的应用进行了分析和讨论     

利用分子标记定位农垦58S的光敏核不育基因

对农垦５８Ｓ（Ｏｒｙｚａｓａｔｉｖａｓｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ）／大黑矮生标记基因系ＦＬ２组合组建可育集团和不育集团,并以亲本为对照进行了ＲＦＬＰ、ＲＡＰＤ和双引物ＲＡＰＤ分析,结果第１２染色体上的一个单拷贝标记Ｇ２１４０与光敏核不育基因连锁遗传,二者间的遗传图距为１４．１ｃＭ（ｃｅｎｔｉｍｏｒｇａｎ）。在筛选过的１０４０个随机单引物和１９０个双引物中,仅引物ＯＰＡＵ１０扩增出与光敏核不育基因连锁的１．５ｋｂＤＮＡ片段,回收、克隆该ＤＮＡ片段并制备探针,将其转换成共显性的ＲＦＬＰ标记并命名为ＯＰＡＵ１０１５００。分离群体连锁分析表明该标记与标记Ｇ２１４０紧密连锁,将农垦５８Ｓ的一对光敏核不育基因定位于第１２染色体上。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.